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Jendayi Frazer

Jendayi Elizabeth Frazer (born 1961) is the former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, heading the Bureau of African Affairs. She was a Distinguished Service Professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College and Department of Social and Decision Sciences.

Dr. Jendayi Frazer
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
In office
August 29, 2005 – January 20, 2009
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byConstance Berry Newman
Succeeded byJohnnie Carson
United States Ambassador to South Africa
In office
May 25, 2004 – August 26, 2005
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byCameron R. Hume
Succeeded byEric M. Bost
Personal details
Born1961 (age 61–62)
Virginia[1]
Political partyRepublican

Background edit

Before taking on her position in the Bush Administration, Frazer was special assistant to the president and senior director for African affairs on the National Security Council and the first woman to serve as United States Ambassador to South Africa. Prior to entering government in 2001, Frazer was an assistant professor for public policy at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University from 1995 to 2001. She was assistant professor at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver and editor of the journal Africa Today from 1993 to 1995. She graduated from Stanford University with B.A. in political science with honors and African-American Studies with distinction and obtained her M.A. degrees in international policy studies and international development education, and a Ph.D. in political science; during her time at Stanford, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice served as a faculty member in the Political Science department.[2]

Frazer is a specialist in African affairs and international security affairs. During her tenure at the National Security Council, she was instrumental in the decisions that led to establishing the $15 billion President's Emergency Plan for HIV/AID Relief (PEPFAR) as well as the Millennium Challenge Account that has contributed to raising U.S. assistance to Africa to a historic high of $4.1 billion in 2006. Frazer is also given credit for designing the administration's policy for ending the wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Burundi. She is known for statements condemning armed movements in Africa and in favor of peaceful opposition movements to bring about democratic political and social change throughout the continent.[3]

Frazer's tenure as Assistant Secretary of State was a controversial one: She was considered one of the most powerful and outspoken Assistant Secretaries in the Bush Administration. Yet, an August 2009 report by the State Department's Office of the Inspector General reviewed 50 years of Africa policy and criticized the Africa Bureau describing it as low resourced and being hobbled by low morale, and a lack of qualified personnel and a "failed" public diplomacy program. The report focused on 50 years of the bureau's history and not specifically Frazer's tenure.[4] The Inspector General's office criticized the Africa Bureau while Africa policy under the Bush Administration was widely heralded as one of the Administration's most successful foreign policy achievements.[5][6] John Bolton, the Bush Administration's Ambassador to the United Nations, accused Frazer of setting back his plans to end the U.N. Mission in Eritrea-Ethiopia that monitored and acted as an interposition force along the disputed border between Ethiopia and Eritrea by unilaterally deciding that the 2002 decision of the Ethiopian-Eritrean Boundary Commission should be cast aside to favor Ethiopia's position.[7] Frazer disputed Bolton's claim since U.S. policy continued to recognize the EEBC decision.

Frazer has also been accused[8] of quietly encouraging Ethiopia's decision to militarily intervene in Somalia in late 2006, a contradiction of the administration's official position.[9] Administration officials denied these claims.[citation needed]

Recent events edit

On January 7, 2007, Frazer met with Somali political leaders in Nairobi, Kenya, to discuss United States support for the interim Somali government.[10] Later that day she cancelled a planned trip to Mogadishu, Somalia, due to the media revealing the details of her itinerary and riots in the city the day before over a faulty disarmament plan.[11] The U.S. envoy, the highest ranking in 14 years, made a surprise visit to Somalia on April 7, 2007. She visited Ali Mohammed Ghedi and Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed to help with the national reconciliation of Somalia.[12]

On January 4, 2008, Frazer was sent by President George W. Bush to Kenya to help seek a resolution of that country's political dispute following the December 2007 presidential election, and she met with President Mwai Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga.[13]

On April 24, 2008, Frazer noted that Zimbabwe opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change won the disputed Zimbabwean presidential election, 2008, and stated that President Robert Mugabe should step down.[14]

On May 25, 2008, Mugabe delivered a speech that mentioned Frazer in negative terms: "You saw the joy that the British had, that the Americans had, and saw them here through their representatives celebrating and acting as if we [Zimbabwe] are either an extension of Britain or ... America. You saw that little American girl [Frazer] trotting around the globe like a prostitute ..."[15]

As of late October 2008, she has been put in charge of issues concerning the Conflict in North Kivu.

In late August 2009, Frazer criticized the Obama Administration's senior officials statements that they must practice "tough love" with Africans. She asserts that Obama should reorient his administration's policy away from patronizing notions of "tough love" to better emphasize the U.S.'s strategic interests in Africa.

Frazer has been critical of the International Criminal Court, accusing it in 2015 of unfairly targeting African leaders accused of fomenting violence.[16]

On August 8, 2016, Frazer became one of fifty senior national security and government experts to sign a letter highly critical of the Republican candidate for the 2016 US presidential election, Donald Trump. The letter stated their belief that Trump was unsuited to assume office, denouncing him as dangerous.

Frazer currently sits on several boards of Non Profit and other organizations, including, the Atlantic Council,[17] The Mastercard Foundation, KBFUS, The Africa Center, Seedo, CoDa. As of January 2023, Frazer is the Duignan Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institute, Stanford University and a member of the Aspen Institute.[18]

Quotes edit

This issue of insurgency is one that continues to trouble me and Africa as a whole. The way forward is development and legitimate opposition, not through picking up arms and insurgency, and it's a message the A.U. needs to make much more loudly to its member states. – Frazer in a press conference discussing instability in the horn of Africa.

References edit

  1. ^ "Jendayi Elizabeth Frazer | Profile | Africa Confidential".
  2. ^ Rice, Condoleezza (2017). Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom. New York: Grand Central Publishing. p. 202. ISBN 9781455540181. Jendayi knew Kenya. A highly regarded Africanist, she had been my PhD student at Stanford.
  3. ^ Guardian Staff (2010-12-07). "US embassy cables: Ugandan president's fears of Libyan attack". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  4. ^ US State Department Office of the Inspector General, Report of Inspection: The Bureau of African Affairs 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, Report no. ISP-I-09-63, August 2009
  5. ^ Bob Geldolf, "With Bush In Africa: A Journey Across A Continent and into the Soul of a President," Time (March 10, 2008)
  6. ^ Kim Ghattas, "Countries that will miss George Bush," BBC News (January 16, 2009), p. 1–3
  7. ^ John Bolton, Surrender is Not an Option: Defending America at the United Nations and Abroad, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), p. 347.
  8. ^ Francavilla, Chiara (6 January 2012). . Think Africa Press. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  9. ^ Frazer, Jendayi. "Al Jazeera Interview". Television Interview. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  10. ^ McCrummen, Stephanie (2007-01-07). "U.S. Diplomat Meets With Somali Leaders". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  11. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Mohammed Ibrahim (2007-01-11). "Islamists Out, Somalia Tries to Rise From Chaos". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  12. ^ . CNN. Associated Press. 2007-04-07. Archived from the original on 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  13. ^ C Bryson Hull and Barry Moody, "Opposition brushes aside Kibaki offer", Reuters (IOL), January 5, 2008.
  14. ^ "Mugabe trying to steal election, says U.S. official", CNN, April 24, 2008.
  15. ^ "Mugabe labels U.S. diplomat a 'prostitute'", CNN, May 26, 2008.
  16. ^ Frazer, Jendayi (24 July 2015). "Wall Street Journal". Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  17. ^ "Board of Directors". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  18. ^ "Jendayi E. Frazer". The Aspen Institute. Retrieved 2023-02-05.

External links edit

  • Biography at United States Department of State
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to South Africa
2004–2005
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by United States Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
2005–2009
Succeeded by

jendayi, frazer, jendayi, elizabeth, frazer, born, 1961, former, assistant, secretary, state, african, affairs, heading, bureau, african, affairs, distinguished, service, professor, carnegie, mellon, university, heinz, college, department, social, decision, sc. Jendayi Elizabeth Frazer born 1961 is the former U S Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs heading the Bureau of African Affairs She was a Distinguished Service Professor at Carnegie Mellon University s Heinz College and Department of Social and Decision Sciences Dr Jendayi FrazerAssistant Secretary of State for African AffairsIn office August 29 2005 January 20 2009PresidentGeorge W BushPreceded byConstance Berry NewmanSucceeded byJohnnie CarsonUnited States Ambassador to South AfricaIn office May 25 2004 August 26 2005PresidentGeorge W BushPreceded byCameron R HumeSucceeded byEric M BostPersonal detailsBorn1961 age 61 62 Virginia 1 Political partyRepublican Contents 1 Background 2 Recent events 3 Quotes 4 References 5 External linksBackground editBefore taking on her position in the Bush Administration Frazer was special assistant to the president and senior director for African affairs on the National Security Council and the first woman to serve as United States Ambassador to South Africa Prior to entering government in 2001 Frazer was an assistant professor for public policy at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University from 1995 to 2001 She was assistant professor at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver and editor of the journal Africa Today from 1993 to 1995 She graduated from Stanford University with B A in political science with honors and African American Studies with distinction and obtained her M A degrees in international policy studies and international development education and a Ph D in political science during her time at Stanford former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice served as a faculty member in the Political Science department 2 Frazer is a specialist in African affairs and international security affairs During her tenure at the National Security Council she was instrumental in the decisions that led to establishing the 15 billion President s Emergency Plan for HIV AID Relief PEPFAR as well as the Millennium Challenge Account that has contributed to raising U S assistance to Africa to a historic high of 4 1 billion in 2006 Frazer is also given credit for designing the administration s policy for ending the wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Sierra Leone Liberia and Burundi She is known for statements condemning armed movements in Africa and in favor of peaceful opposition movements to bring about democratic political and social change throughout the continent 3 Frazer s tenure as Assistant Secretary of State was a controversial one She was considered one of the most powerful and outspoken Assistant Secretaries in the Bush Administration Yet an August 2009 report by the State Department s Office of the Inspector General reviewed 50 years of Africa policy and criticized the Africa Bureau describing it as low resourced and being hobbled by low morale and a lack of qualified personnel and a failed public diplomacy program The report focused on 50 years of the bureau s history and not specifically Frazer s tenure 4 The Inspector General s office criticized the Africa Bureau while Africa policy under the Bush Administration was widely heralded as one of the Administration s most successful foreign policy achievements 5 6 John Bolton the Bush Administration s Ambassador to the United Nations accused Frazer of setting back his plans to end the U N Mission in Eritrea Ethiopia that monitored and acted as an interposition force along the disputed border between Ethiopia and Eritrea by unilaterally deciding that the 2002 decision of the Ethiopian Eritrean Boundary Commission should be cast aside to favor Ethiopia s position 7 Frazer disputed Bolton s claim since U S policy continued to recognize the EEBC decision Frazer has also been accused 8 of quietly encouraging Ethiopia s decision to militarily intervene in Somalia in late 2006 a contradiction of the administration s official position 9 Administration officials denied these claims citation needed Recent events editOn January 7 2007 Frazer met with Somali political leaders in Nairobi Kenya to discuss United States support for the interim Somali government 10 Later that day she cancelled a planned trip to Mogadishu Somalia due to the media revealing the details of her itinerary and riots in the city the day before over a faulty disarmament plan 11 The U S envoy the highest ranking in 14 years made a surprise visit to Somalia on April 7 2007 She visited Ali Mohammed Ghedi and Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed to help with the national reconciliation of Somalia 12 On January 4 2008 Frazer was sent by President George W Bush to Kenya to help seek a resolution of that country s political dispute following the December 2007 presidential election and she met with President Mwai Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga 13 On April 24 2008 Frazer noted that Zimbabwe opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change won the disputed Zimbabwean presidential election 2008 and stated that President Robert Mugabe should step down 14 On May 25 2008 Mugabe delivered a speech that mentioned Frazer in negative terms You saw the joy that the British had that the Americans had and saw them here through their representatives celebrating and acting as if we Zimbabwe are either an extension of Britain or America You saw that little American girl Frazer trotting around the globe like a prostitute 15 As of late October 2008 she has been put in charge of issues concerning the Conflict in North Kivu In late August 2009 Frazer criticized the Obama Administration s senior officials statements that they must practice tough love with Africans She asserts that Obama should reorient his administration s policy away from patronizing notions of tough love to better emphasize the U S s strategic interests in Africa Frazer has been critical of the International Criminal Court accusing it in 2015 of unfairly targeting African leaders accused of fomenting violence 16 On August 8 2016 Frazer became one of fifty senior national security and government experts to sign a letter highly critical of the Republican candidate for the 2016 US presidential election Donald Trump The letter stated their belief that Trump was unsuited to assume office denouncing him as dangerous Frazer currently sits on several boards of Non Profit and other organizations including the Atlantic Council 17 The Mastercard Foundation KBFUS The Africa Center Seedo CoDa As of January 2023 Frazer is the Duignan Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institute Stanford University and a member of the Aspen Institute 18 Quotes editThis issue of insurgency is one that continues to trouble me and Africa as a whole The way forward is development and legitimate opposition not through picking up arms and insurgency and it s a message the A U needs to make much more loudly to its member states Frazer in a press conference discussing instability in the horn of Africa 1 References edit Jendayi Elizabeth Frazer Profile Africa Confidential Rice Condoleezza 2017 Democracy Stories from the Long Road to Freedom New York Grand Central Publishing p 202 ISBN 9781455540181 Jendayi knew Kenya A highly regarded Africanist she had been my PhD student at Stanford Guardian Staff 2010 12 07 US embassy cables Ugandan president s fears of Libyan attack The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2020 06 23 US State Department Office of the Inspector General Report of Inspection The Bureau of African Affairs Archived 2009 08 13 at the Wayback Machine Report no ISP I 09 63 August 2009 Bob Geldolf With Bush In Africa A Journey Across A Continent and into the Soul of a President Time March 10 2008 Kim Ghattas Countries that will miss George Bush BBC News January 16 2009 p 1 3 John Bolton Surrender is Not an Option Defending America at the United Nations and Abroad New York Simon amp Schuster 2007 p 347 Francavilla Chiara 6 January 2012 Wikileaks on Somalia Public Reluctance Private Insistence Think Africa Press Archived from the original on 3 February 2014 Retrieved 2 February 2014 Frazer Jendayi Al Jazeera Interview Television Interview Al Jazeera Retrieved 2 February 2014 McCrummen Stephanie 2007 01 07 U S Diplomat Meets With Somali Leaders The Washington Post Retrieved 2007 01 07 Gettleman Jeffrey Mohammed Ibrahim 2007 01 11 Islamists Out Somalia Tries to Rise From Chaos The New York Times Retrieved 2007 01 11 U S envoy makes surprise visit to Somalia officials say CNN Associated Press 2007 04 07 Archived from the original on 2007 04 12 Retrieved 2007 04 07 C Bryson Hull and Barry Moody Opposition brushes aside Kibaki offer Reuters IOL January 5 2008 Mugabe trying to steal election says U S official CNN April 24 2008 Mugabe labels U S diplomat a prostitute CNN May 26 2008 Frazer Jendayi 24 July 2015 Wall Street Journal Retrieved 9 October 2015 Board of Directors Atlantic Council Retrieved 2020 02 11 Jendayi E Frazer The Aspen Institute Retrieved 2023 02 05 External links editBiography at United States Department of State Appearances on C SPANDiplomatic postsPreceded byCameron R Hume United States Ambassador to South Africa2004 2005 Succeeded byEric M BostPolitical officesPreceded byConstance Berry Newman United States Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs2005 2009 Succeeded byJohnnie Carson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jendayi Frazer amp oldid 1186525491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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