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Friendship dolls

November 11, 2023

Friendship dolls, Japanese friendship dolls (友情人形, yūjō ningyō), or Japanese ambassador dolls and the American blue-eyed dolls (青い目の人形, aoi me no ningyō), were dolls sent between Japan and the United States in 1927. The dolls were meant to improve the deteriorated relationship between Japan and America that had resulted from the Immigration Act of Japan in 1924.[1] The Friendship dolls were meant to inspire children to cultivate friendship with the children of the other country, rather than to initiate specific political or legal changes.[2]

Viscount Eiichi Shibusawa with two dolls

Context edit

The Immigration Act of 1924 prohibited East Asians from immigrating to the United States, which increased tension between the US and Japan. The worsening relationship originated in anti-Japanese exclusion movements in California and other parts of the US.[1]

Difference between the Japanese and American dolls edit

At the time, dolls played different roles in American and Japanese culture. American dolls were primarily used as toys or shop mannequins. Japanese dolls, meanwhile, were believed to have the ability to possess spirits within them. Dolls in Japan were also celebrated during the holiday of Hinamatsuri. Gulick had knowledge about Japanese dolls’ multi-sided roles for children, so he discovered the possibility of cross-cultural exchange. The Japanese dolls could be used to teach American children about Hinamatsuri and Japanese cultural values, while the American dolls could be used to communicate American children's feelings of friendship and goodwill towards the Japanese people. They also asked American parents and teachers to utilize the plan of exchanging the dolls as an educationally beneficial event.[3]

Friendship dolls project edit

Dr. Sidney Gulick was a former missionary who spent time in Japan between 1888 and 1913. He was familiar with the importance of dolls in Japanese culture, and to promote goodwill between the countries he initiated a program to send dolls from the US to children in Japan.[4] Gulick helped form a group called the Committee on World Friendship Among Children (CWFC),[5] which was overseen by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill.[6]

In 1927, the group's first project was to organize the sending of 12,739 friendship dolls, also known as American blue-eyed dolls, to Japan. The Committee on World Friendship Among Children, Gulick, and Japanese businessman Viscount Eiichi Shibusawa worked together on the project. The dolls arrived in Yokohama time for Hinamatsuri, the annual Japanese doll festival, in March 1927.[5][7] They were positively received, with one group of dolls receiving an audience with the Emperor of Japan.[5] One source suggests that the dolls popularized a children's song called "The Doll with Blue Eyes".[8] The dolls were distributed to kindergartens and elemntary schools throughout Japan and their occupied territories.[7] Fewer than 100 of the dolls were sent to Formosa and divided amongst the ethnically segregated elementary schools and kindergartens.

The project focused on children due to their image as messengers of peace. Gulick also believed that a deeper understanding of different cultures from a young age could prevent the friction created by cultural prejudice. This was reflected in the report “Doll of Friendship” of the Committee on World Friendship Among Children, which stated that there is no other way for eternal world peace other than education.[9]

Shibusawa led a collection in Japan to reciprocate for this gift, although Gulick and the Committee had told them they did not expect such a thing.[5] A group, the Committee on International Friendship among Children in Japan, was formed to oversee the project.[10] Doll makers in Japan were commissioned to produce 58 friendship dolls, each of which represented one of 47 prefectures, four territories, and six major cities, plus one "national" doll.[5][11] The majority of the dolls (51 of 58) were made by Tokyo's Yoshitoku Doll Company.[5] The remaining seven dolls were made by the Ohki Heizo (Maruhei) Doll Company in Kyoto.[12]

The dolls arrived in San Francisco in November 1927,[5] and groups of dolls were subsequently brought on a nationwide tour of 479 cities by Gulick and the Committee.[5][13] Afterwards, they were sent to libraries and museums throughout the United States, with each of the states (48 at the time) receiving at least one doll each.[5]

American blue-eyed dolls edit

The Friendship dolls were American Composition Dolls, which were very popular at that time. The dolls were primarily made in consultation with three doll makers: Averill Manufacturing Co., Effanbee, and E.I. Horsman & Co. Some of the friendship dolls came from outside the three companies; these included German bisque dolls and other manufactures.

The CWFC requested that the donated dolls were "price as moderate as quality would permit; face, arms, and legs of unbreakable material; joints and wig handsewn; eyes that opened and closed; and a voice that should say unmistakably 'Mama'".[14] The majority had blonde hair and blue eyes, leading to them being called the "American blue-eyed dolls";[5] the CWFC suggested in their materials that the dolls should “look like attractive and typical American girls,” which would “indirectly suggest that the dolls should be white”.[10] Some dolls were donated with handmade clothing, sometimes reflective of the region they were sent from, and in response to CWFC requests that dolls "be carefully dressed in every detail".[5][10] They were approximately 30 cm in height, and had mobile limbs and a cotton-filled torso.[15]

The CWFC set up a "Doll Travel Bureau" to manage the donated dolls, which was overseen by CWFC member Rosalie Ashton.[14]

 
Blue-eyed doll, Laura Margaret, Summer 2015, Tsurugi Library, Hakusan-city, Ishikawa prefecture, Japan. See the picture details for more Info.

Dolls were donated by churches, schools, and scouting groups across the country. Each doll was sent with a message including the name of the doll, the names of the givers and the address for the "thank you" letter.[10][8] Dolls were given farewell parties and given "passports" that cost 1 cent and "railroad and steamer tickets" that cost 99 cents.[10][16] It was suggested that "girls specialize on the selection of the dolls and the making of their clothing and that boys serve as business and ticket agents". Dolls were also accompanied with a poem written by Robert Underwood Johnson, titled "Friends Across the Sea", which was written at the request of the CWFC.

In total, 22,379 dolls were collected from 47 of the 48 states in the United States, 11,975 of which were sent to Japan according to the historical materials of Eiichi Shibusawa.[17] Other sources cite the number of dolls sent at 12,739.[8]

During World War II, many of the dolls were destroyed, but some were saved by individuals.[8][18] As of 2002, only 233 American-made dolls had been recovered.[8]

Japanese dolls edit

Each doll was 32-33 inches tall, with a silk kimono (complete with family crest), and "bridal trousseau" accessories.[5] Each doll had uniquely sculpted facial features made from gofun.[5][19] The Yoshitoku Doll Company dolls also had human hair, glass eyes, hinged legs, and a mechanism that allowed them to say "mama" when squeezed.[5] Individual artists are credited on labels on the back of each doll.[5]

As with the American-made dolls, the Japanese dolls were also sent with passports, steamship tickets, and letters written by children.[8]

 
Miss Shimane at the Children's Museum of Indianapolis

Over the years, a few dolls were lost or are missing, but many are still on display today; some, however, may not be displayed under the correct name due to errors in transport.[5][20][21] Those whose locations are known include:

Dolls whose locations are unknown include:

Legacy edit

Denny Gulick, grandson of Sidney, has tried to revive the doll exchange idea.[41]

In 2012, American novelist Kirby Larson published a novel called The Friendship Doll, which followed Miss Kanagawa during her tour across the United States.[42]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  2. ^ Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. pp. iv–v. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  3. ^ Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. pp. 69–74. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  4. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2009-04-19.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Silent Envoys". Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  6. ^ Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. p. 67. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  7. ^ a b "4. Blue-eyed Dolls Coming to Japan". www.city.isehara.kanagawa.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  8. ^ a b c d e f . Japanese American National Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  9. ^ Committee on World Friendship Among Children (1929). Dolls of friendship; the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan. New York: Friendship Press. pp. xiii.
  10. ^ a b c d e Good, Katie Day (2020-07-28). "'Messengers of Goodwill': America's Tokens of Friendship and Power". The MIT Press Reader. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  11. ^ a b Loohauis-Bennett, Jackie (2011-04-27). . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2023-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  12. ^ a b "Miss Yokohama, Colorado's Japanese Friendship Doll". History Colorado. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  13. ^ a b "About Miss Mie : Miss Mie: Historic Japanese Friendship Doll". University of Nebraska State Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  14. ^ a b Committee on World Friendship Among Children (1929). Dolls of friendship; the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan. New York: Friendship Press. p. 8.
  15. ^ Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. pp. 75–80. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  16. ^ Committee on World Friendship Among Children (1929). Dolls of friendship; the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan. New York: Friendship Press. pp. 10–11.
  17. ^ Koresawa, Hiroaki (2010). 青い目の人形と近代日本. pp. 80–83. ISBN 978-4-902163-56-8.
  18. ^ Kubota, Kazumichi (August 27, 2022). "The story behind a wartime 'enemy doll' sent from America". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  19. ^ a b "Friendship Doll at the Library". Denver Public Library History. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  20. ^ Wilkins, Beth. ""Miss Miye," I Presume". University of Nebraska State Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  21. ^ a b "Miss Kyoto | Japanese House Exhibit". Boston Children's Museum. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  22. ^ a b c d "Passports to Friendship". Japanese American National Museum. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  23. ^ "Miss Hiroshima (Friendship Doll)". barryart.emuseum.com. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  24. ^ Peake, Scott (2023-07-13). "History of the Collection". Putnam Museum. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  25. ^ (PDF). St. Joseph Museum (St. Joseph, Missouri) web site. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  26. ^ "Japanese Friendship Doll". Milwaukee Public Museum. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  27. ^ . Milwaukee Public Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-05-06.
  28. ^ "Birmingham Public Library - Miss Iwate".
  29. ^ "Large Costumed Doll, "Miss Japan"". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  30. ^ a b c "Japanese Friendship Dolls". Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta.
  31. ^ Guthrey, Molly (2017-11-05). "She arrived in 1927 and then disappeared. What happened to Minnesota's friendship doll?". Twin Cities. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  32. ^ "Miss Nagano: The Japanese Friendship Doll". Delaware Historical Society. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  33. ^ Gian Carlo Cervone. "[RMSC Collections Department] Nagasaki Tamako".
  34. ^ Shih, Savannah (2017-11-21). "New York Celebrates 90th Anniversary of Japanese Friendship Doll". Asia Matters for America. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  35. ^ Jennifer Messmer. . Archived from the original on 2013-03-09.
  36. ^ "Collections (Northwest Museum of Arts + Culture)". Northwest Museum of Arts + Culture. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  37. ^ "Japanese refurbish Spokane friendship doll". Northwest Asian Weekly. 2011-03-17. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  38. ^ Clifton, Guy. "A new cap for Miss Wakayama". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  39. ^ "Miss Yokohama". Denver Museum of Miniatures, Dolls & Toys. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  40. ^ Fields, Monique (1997-07-24). "The Search Is On To Find Missing S.F. Friendship Doll /..." SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  41. ^ . East Asian Scient and technology web site. University of Maryland. Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  42. ^ Larson, Kirby (2012-05-08). The Friendship Doll. Random House Children's Books. ISBN 978-0-375-85089-9.

External links edit

  • Dolls of friendship; the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan, by Committee on World Friendship Among Children. New York, Friendship Press 1929

November 11, 2023
friendship, dolls, japanese, friendship, dolls, 友情人形, yūjō, ningyō, japanese, ambassador, dolls, american, blue, eyed, dolls, 青い目の人形, ningyō, were, dolls, sent, between, japan, united, states, 1927, dolls, were, meant, improve, deteriorated, relationship, betw. Friendship dolls Japanese friendship dolls 友情人形 yujō ningyō or Japanese ambassador dolls and the American blue eyed dolls 青い目の人形 aoi me no ningyō were dolls sent between Japan and the United States in 1927 The dolls were meant to improve the deteriorated relationship between Japan and America that had resulted from the Immigration Act of Japan in 1924 1 The Friendship dolls were meant to inspire children to cultivate friendship with the children of the other country rather than to initiate specific political or legal changes 2 Viscount Eiichi Shibusawa with two dolls Contents 1 Context 1 1 Difference between the Japanese and American dolls 2 Friendship dolls project 3 American blue eyed dolls 4 Japanese dolls 5 Legacy 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksContext editThe Immigration Act of 1924 prohibited East Asians from immigrating to the United States which increased tension between the US and Japan The worsening relationship originated in anti Japanese exclusion movements in California and other parts of the US 1 Difference between the Japanese and American dolls edit At the time dolls played different roles in American and Japanese culture American dolls were primarily used as toys or shop mannequins Japanese dolls meanwhile were believed to have the ability to possess spirits within them Dolls in Japan were also celebrated during the holiday of Hinamatsuri Gulick had knowledge about Japanese dolls multi sided roles for children so he discovered the possibility of cross cultural exchange The Japanese dolls could be used to teach American children about Hinamatsuri and Japanese cultural values while the American dolls could be used to communicate American children s feelings of friendship and goodwill towards the Japanese people They also asked American parents and teachers to utilize the plan of exchanging the dolls as an educationally beneficial event 3 Friendship dolls project editDr Sidney Gulick was a former missionary who spent time in Japan between 1888 and 1913 He was familiar with the importance of dolls in Japanese culture and to promote goodwill between the countries he initiated a program to send dolls from the US to children in Japan 4 Gulick helped form a group called the Committee on World Friendship Among Children CWFC 5 which was overseen by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America and the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill 6 In 1927 the group s first project was to organize the sending of 12 739 friendship dolls also known as American blue eyed dolls to Japan The Committee on World Friendship Among Children Gulick and Japanese businessman Viscount Eiichi Shibusawa worked together on the project The dolls arrived in Yokohama time for Hinamatsuri the annual Japanese doll festival in March 1927 5 7 They were positively received with one group of dolls receiving an audience with the Emperor of Japan 5 One source suggests that the dolls popularized a children s song called The Doll with Blue Eyes 8 The dolls were distributed to kindergartens and elemntary schools throughout Japan and their occupied territories 7 Fewer than 100 of the dolls were sent to Formosa and divided amongst the ethnically segregated elementary schools and kindergartens The project focused on children due to their image as messengers of peace Gulick also believed that a deeper understanding of different cultures from a young age could prevent the friction created by cultural prejudice This was reflected in the report Doll of Friendship of the Committee on World Friendship Among Children which stated that there is no other way for eternal world peace other than education 9 Shibusawa led a collection in Japan to reciprocate for this gift although Gulick and the Committee had told them they did not expect such a thing 5 A group the Committee on International Friendship among Children in Japan was formed to oversee the project 10 Doll makers in Japan were commissioned to produce 58 friendship dolls each of which represented one of 47 prefectures four territories and six major cities plus one national doll 5 11 The majority of the dolls 51 of 58 were made by Tokyo s Yoshitoku Doll Company 5 The remaining seven dolls were made by the Ohki Heizo Maruhei Doll Company in Kyoto 12 The dolls arrived in San Francisco in November 1927 5 and groups of dolls were subsequently brought on a nationwide tour of 479 cities by Gulick and the Committee 5 13 Afterwards they were sent to libraries and museums throughout the United States with each of the states 48 at the time receiving at least one doll each 5 American blue eyed dolls editThe Friendship dolls were American Composition Dolls which were very popular at that time The dolls were primarily made in consultation with three doll makers Averill Manufacturing Co Effanbee and E I Horsman amp Co Some of the friendship dolls came from outside the three companies these included German bisque dolls and other manufactures The CWFC requested that the donated dolls were price as moderate as quality would permit face arms and legs of unbreakable material joints and wig handsewn eyes that opened and closed and a voice that should say unmistakably Mama 14 The majority had blonde hair and blue eyes leading to them being called the American blue eyed dolls 5 the CWFC suggested in their materials that the dolls should look like attractive and typical American girls which would indirectly suggest that the dolls should be white 10 Some dolls were donated with handmade clothing sometimes reflective of the region they were sent from and in response to CWFC requests that dolls be carefully dressed in every detail 5 10 They were approximately 30 cm in height and had mobile limbs and a cotton filled torso 15 The CWFC set up a Doll Travel Bureau to manage the donated dolls which was overseen by CWFC member Rosalie Ashton 14 nbsp Blue eyed doll Laura Margaret Summer 2015 Tsurugi Library Hakusan city Ishikawa prefecture Japan See the picture details for more Info Dolls were donated by churches schools and scouting groups across the country Each doll was sent with a message including the name of the doll the names of the givers and the address for the thank you letter 10 8 Dolls were given farewell parties and given passports that cost 1 cent and railroad and steamer tickets that cost 99 cents 10 16 It was suggested that girls specialize on the selection of the dolls and the making of their clothing and that boys serve as business and ticket agents Dolls were also accompanied with a poem written by Robert Underwood Johnson titled Friends Across the Sea which was written at the request of the CWFC In total 22 379 dolls were collected from 47 of the 48 states in the United States 11 975 of which were sent to Japan according to the historical materials of Eiichi Shibusawa 17 Other sources cite the number of dolls sent at 12 739 8 During World War II many of the dolls were destroyed but some were saved by individuals 8 18 As of 2002 only 233 American made dolls had been recovered 8 Japanese dolls editEach doll was 32 33 inches tall with a silk kimono complete with family crest and bridal trousseau accessories 5 Each doll had uniquely sculpted facial features made from gofun 5 19 The Yoshitoku Doll Company dolls also had human hair glass eyes hinged legs and a mechanism that allowed them to say mama when squeezed 5 Individual artists are credited on labels on the back of each doll 5 As with the American made dolls the Japanese dolls were also sent with passports steamship tickets and letters written by children 8 nbsp Miss Shimane at the Children s Museum of IndianapolisOver the years a few dolls were lost or are missing but many are still on display today some however may not be displayed under the correct name due to errors in transport 5 20 21 Those whose locations are known include Miss Aichi sent to Nashville Tennessee was lost for decades but rediscovered in 2014 and returned to Japan Miss Akita at the Detroit Children s Museum in Detroit Miss Aomori in a private collection Miss Chosen at the Brauer Museum of Art in Valparaiso Indiana Miss Dai Nippon Miss Japan at the Department of Anthropology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution in Washington D C 22 Miss Ehime at Gulfport Mississippi destroyed in Hurricane Camille and replaced in 1988 Miss Fukuoka at the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art in Eugene Oregon Miss Fukushima sent to Houston now in a private collection Miss Gifu at the Cleveland Museum of Art in Cleveland Miss Gunma sent to Brooklyn now at the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens in Delray Beach Florida Miss Hiroshima at the Barry Art Museum in Norfolk Virginia 23 Miss Hokkaido at the Putnam Museum of History and Natural Science in Davenport Iowa 24 Miss Hyogo at the St Joseph Museum in Saint Joseph Missouri 25 Miss Ibaraki Tsukuba Kasumi at the Milwaukee Public Museum in Milwaukee 26 the Messenger of Friendship 27 was put on display again following the 2011 tsunami and earthquake in Japan 11 Miss Ishikawa at that Montana Historical Society in Helena Montana Miss Iwate at the Birmingham Public Library in Birmingham Alabama 28 Miss Japan at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D C 29 Miss Kagawa at the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh North Carolina 30 Miss Kagoshima at the Phoenix Museum of History in Phoenix Arizona Miss Kanto shu Manchuria sent to Manchester New Hampshire now in a private collection Miss Karafuto sent to Wilmington Delaware confused with Miss Nagano Miss Kochi at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh Miss Kyoto fu at Boston Children s Museum in Boston 21 Miss Kyoto shi at the Arkansas Museum of Discovery in Little Rock Arkansas Miss Mie at the University of Nebraska State Museum in Lincoln Nebraska 13 Miss Miyagi sent to Topeka Kansas now in a private collection Miss Miyazaki at the Hennepin County Library in Minneapolis Minnesota now at the Minnesota Historical Society 31 Miss Nagano sent to Providence Rhode Island now at the Delaware Historical Society in Wilmington Delaware 32 Miss Nagasaki Tamako at the Rochester Museum and Science Center in Rochester New York 33 34 Miss Nagoya shi at the Atlanta History Center in Atlanta 30 Miss Nara at the Idaho Historical Museum in Boise Idaho Miss Oita at the Springfield Science Museum in Springfield Massachusetts Miss Okayama at the North Dakota State University Textile Collection in Fargo North Dakota Miss Okinawa at the Cincinnati Art Museum in Cincinnati Miss Osaka fu sent to Newark New Jersey now at the Ohio Historical Society in Columbus Ohio 22 Miss Osaka shi at the Newark Museum in Newark New Jersey Miss Saitama at the Charleston Museum in Charleston South Carolina 30 Miss Shimane at the Children s Museum of Indianapolis in Indianapolis 35 Miss Shizuoka at the Kansas City Museum in Kansas City Missouri Miss Taiwan at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in Los Angeles 5 Miss Tokushima at the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture in Spokane Washington 36 37 Miss Tottori at the Museum of the South Dakota State Historical Society in Pierre South Dakota 22 Miss Toyama at the Speed Art Museum in Louisville Kentucky 22 Miss Wakayama at the Nevada Historical Society in Reno Nevada 38 Miss Yamagata at the Maine State Museum in Augusta Maine Miss Yamaguchi sent to Chicago now at the Museum of International Folk Art in Santa Fe New Mexico 4 Miss Yamanashi at the Wyoming State Museum in Cheyenne Wyoming Miss Yokohama shi at the Denver Public Library through the 1990s when it was entrusted to Denver Museum of Miniatures Dolls and Toys after being restored 12 19 39 Dolls whose locations are unknown include The doll sent to San Francisco 40 Miss Chiba sent to Riverside California present location unknown Miss Fukui sent to Salt Lake City present location unknown Miss Kanagawa sent to Eugene Oregon present location unknown Miss Kobe shi sent to Stamford Connecticut present location unknown Miss Kumamoto sent to New Orleans present location unknown Miss Saga sent to Philadelphia present location unknown Miss Shiga sent to Miami present location unknown Miss Tochigi sent to Charleston West Virginia present location unknown Miss Tokyo fu sent to Richmond Virginia present location unknown Miss Tokyo shi sent to New York City present location unknownLegacy editDenny Gulick grandson of Sidney has tried to revive the doll exchange idea 41 In 2012 American novelist Kirby Larson published a novel called The Friendship Doll which followed Miss Kanagawa during her tour across the United States 42 See also editKokeshi doll a similar conceptReferences edit a b Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 pp iv v ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 pp 69 74 ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 a b Moifa About the Collections Miss Yamaguchi Japanese Ambassador Doll Archived from the original on 2009 04 19 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Silent Envoys Natural History Museum Retrieved 2023 11 01 Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 p 67 ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 a b 4 Blue eyed Dolls Coming to Japan www city isehara kanagawa jp in Japanese Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b c d e f A Mission of Friendship Japanese American National Museum Archived from the original on 2011 07 13 Retrieved 2023 11 01 Committee on World Friendship Among Children 1929 Dolls of friendship the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan New York Friendship Press pp xiii a b c d e Good Katie Day 2020 07 28 Messengers of Goodwill America s Tokens of Friendship and Power The MIT Press Reader Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b Loohauis Bennett Jackie 2011 04 27 Milwaukee doll stars in Japan relief effort Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on 2023 02 03 Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b Miss Yokohama Colorado s Japanese Friendship Doll History Colorado Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b About Miss Mie Miss Mie Historic Japanese Friendship Doll University of Nebraska State Museum of Natural History Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b Committee on World Friendship Among Children 1929 Dolls of friendship the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan New York Friendship Press p 8 Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 pp 75 80 ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 Committee on World Friendship Among Children 1929 Dolls of friendship the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan New York Friendship Press pp 10 11 Koresawa Hiroaki 2010 青い目の人形と近代日本 pp 80 83 ISBN 978 4 902163 56 8 Kubota Kazumichi August 27 2022 The story behind a wartime enemy doll sent from America The Asahi Shimbun Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b Friendship Doll at the Library Denver Public Library History Retrieved 2023 11 01 Wilkins Beth Miss Miye I Presume University of Nebraska State Museum of Natural History Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b Miss Kyoto Japanese House Exhibit Boston Children s Museum Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b c d Passports to Friendship Japanese American National Museum Retrieved 2023 11 01 Miss Hiroshima Friendship Doll barryart emuseum com Retrieved 2023 11 01 Peake Scott 2023 07 13 History of the Collection Putnam Museum Retrieved 2023 11 01 Japanese Friendship Dolls PDF St Joseph Museum St Joseph Missouri web site July 2008 Archived from the original PDF on July 24 2011 Retrieved May 7 2010 Japanese Friendship Doll Milwaukee Public Museum Retrieved 2023 11 01 Messenger of Friendship Milwaukee Public Museum Archived from the original on 2010 05 06 Birmingham Public Library Miss Iwate Large Costumed Doll Miss Japan Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2023 11 01 a b c Japanese Friendship Dolls Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta Guthrey Molly 2017 11 05 She arrived in 1927 and then disappeared What happened to Minnesota s friendship doll Twin Cities Retrieved 2023 11 01 Miss Nagano The Japanese Friendship Doll Delaware Historical Society Retrieved 2023 11 01 Gian Carlo Cervone RMSC Collections Department Nagasaki Tamako Shih Savannah 2017 11 21 New York Celebrates 90th Anniversary of Japanese Friendship Doll Asia Matters for America Retrieved 2023 11 01 Jennifer Messmer The Secrets of Our Collection The Children s Museum of Indianapolis Archived from the original on 2013 03 09 Collections Northwest Museum of Arts Culture Northwest Museum of Arts Culture Retrieved 2023 11 01 Japanese refurbish Spokane friendship doll Northwest Asian Weekly 2011 03 17 Retrieved 2023 11 01 Clifton Guy A new cap for Miss Wakayama Reno Gazette Journal Retrieved 2023 11 01 Miss Yokohama Denver Museum of Miniatures Dolls amp Toys Retrieved 2023 11 01 Fields Monique 1997 07 24 The Search Is On To Find Missing S F Friendship Doll SFGATE Retrieved 2023 11 01 Denny Gulick Ph D East Asian Scient and technology web site University of Maryland Archived from the original on June 13 2010 Retrieved May 7 2010 Larson Kirby 2012 05 08 The Friendship Doll Random House Children s Books ISBN 978 0 375 85089 9 External links editDolls of friendship the story of a goodwill project between the children of America and Japan by Committee on World Friendship Among Children New York Friendship Press 1929 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Friendship dolls amp oldid 1183013401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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