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J. Rosamond Johnson

April 09, 2023

John Rosamond Johnson (August 11, 1873 – November 11, 1954; usually referred to as J. Rosamond Johnson)[1] was an American composer and singer during the Harlem Renaissance. Born in Jacksonville, Florida, he had much of his career in New York City. Johnson is noted as the composer of the tune for the hymn "Lift Every Voice and Sing”. It was first performed live by 500 Black American students from the segregated Florida Baptist Academy, Jacksonville, Florida, in 1900.[2] The song was published by Joseph W. Stern & Co., Manhattan, New York (later the Edward B. Marks Music Company).[3]

J. Rosamond Johnson, right, with Bob Cole
J. Rosamond Johnson, photo by Carl Van Vechten (1933)

J. Rosamond Johnson was the younger brother of poet and activist James Weldon Johnson,[4] who wrote the lyrics for "Lift Every Voice and Sing".[5] The two also worked together in causes related to the NAACP.[6]

Biography

J. Rosamond Johnson was born on August 11, 1873, the son of Helen Louise Dillet, a native of Nassau, Bahamas, and James Johnson. His maternal great-grandmother, Hester Argo, had escaped from Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) during the revolutionary upheaval in 1802, along with her three young children, including (Johnson's grandfather Stephen Dillet (1797–1880). Although originally headed to Cuba, their boat was intercepted by privateers and they were brought to Nassau, Bahamas instead. There they permanently settled. In 1833 Stephen Dillet was the first man of color to win election to the Bahamian legislature.[7]

Johnson was trained at the New England Conservatory and then studied in London. His career began as a public school teacher in his hometown of Jacksonville, Florida. Traveling to New York, he began his show business career along with his brother and composer Bob Cole. As a songwriting team, they wrote works such as The Evolution of Ragtime (1903). Among the earliest works by the group was a suite of six songs of "Negro" music. The men also produced two successful Broadway operettas with casts of black actors: Shoo-Fly Regiment of 1906 and The Red Moon of 1908.[8][9][10]

Johnson also performed in these operettas. He played a Tuskegee soldier who enlists in the Spanish–American War in The Shoo Fly Regiment and portrayed African-American Plunk Green opposite Abbie Mitchell’s Minnehaha, a mixed Indian/black woman, in The Red Moon. [11] These performances went beyond theatre. Rosamond, alongside his brother and Cole, evoked a political presence in their inclusion of other races in their musicals.[12] In The Red Moon, Cole and Johnson broke racial lines as they included a love scene between Rosamond’s Green and Mitchell’s Minnehaha. This spotlight on Native Americans was so well received that Rosamond was inducted as a ‘sub-chief’ into the Iroquois tribe of Montreal’s Caughnawaga Reservation, which had a majority population of ethnic Mohawk people.[13]

Cole and the Johnson brothers also created and produced several "white" musicals: Sleeping Beauty and the Beast in 1901, In Newport in 1904, and Humpty Dumpty in 1904. Johnson would also collaborate to create Hello Paris with J. Leubrie Hill in 1911.

Johnson was active in various musical roles during his career. He toured the vaudeville circuit and, after Cole's 1911 death, began a successful tour with Charles Hart and Tom Brown. In London, he wrote music for a theater review from 1912 to 1913 serving a long residency. After returning to the United States, New York's Music School Settlement for Colored — founded by the New York Symphony Orchestra's David Mannes — appointed him as director where he served from 1914 to 1919.

J. Rosamond Johnson served as the first Deputy Marshal for the historic Negro Silent Protest Parade in 1917.[6]

Johnson also toured with his own ensembles, The Harlem Rounders and The Inimitable Five. He also performed in Negro spiritual concerts with Emmanuel Taylor Gordon, including at Aeolian Hall in Manhattan.[14]

Johnson created vocal arrangements for the 1933 film version of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Emperor Jones starring Paul Robeson.

The London production of Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1936 engaged Johnson as musical director. During the 1930s, Johnson also sang the role of Frazier in the original production of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, taking roles in other dramas as well. He reprised his role as Frazier on the 1951 studio recording of Porgy and Bess.

As an editor, he collected four important works of traditional African-American songs. The first two of these song collections he compiled along with his brother James: The Book of American Negro Spirituals (1925) and The Second Book of Negro Spirituals (1926). In addition, Johnson edited Shoutsongs (1936) and the folksong anthology Rolling Along in Song (1937).

He died on November 11, 1954, in New York City. His widow, Nora E. Floyd Johnson, died in 1969.[15]

Musical works

 
Robert Cole and Rosamond Johnson
  • The Shoo-Fly Regiment (1906), Broadway operetta
  • The Red Moon (1908), Broadway operetta
  • The Sleeping Beauty and the Beast (1901), musical
  • "My Castle On The Nile," song (1901)[16]
  • "My heart's desiah is Miss Mariah" (1901), song[17]
  • "Mudder Knows" (1903), song
  • In Newport (1904), musical
  • Humpty Dumpty (1904), musical
  • "I'll Keep a Warm Spot in My Heart For You" (1906), song
  • Mr. Lode of Koal (1909), musical
  • Come Over Here (1912), musical
  • "The Maiden with the Dreamy Eyes,", song
  • "Didn't He Ramble", song
  • "Li'l Gal", song
  • "Since You Went Away", song
  • "Lift Every Voice and Sing", song
  • "The Siberian Dip" (1911), ragtime instrumental

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Black Past
  2. ^ Audio recording, Atlanta Music Festival. February 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  4. ^ Davies, Carol Boyce (2008). Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. p. 596. ISBN 9781851097005. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  5. ^ Johnson, J Weldon (1899). Lift Every Voice and Sing. ISBN 9780439351065. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  6. ^ a b "NAACP's Crisis Magazine" (PDF). Brown University Library. September 1, 1917. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  7. ^ Along This Way, James Weldon Johnson's autobiography.
  8. ^ Johnson, James Weldon (1991) [Knopf, 1930], Black Manhattan, Da Capo Press, p. 109, ISBN 9780306804311.
  9. ^ Krasner, David (1998), Resistance, Parody and Double Consciousness in African American Theatre, 1895–19, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 141–42, ISBN 9780312219253.
  10. ^ Abbott, Lynn; Serof, Doug (2007), Ragged but Right, University Press of Mississippi, p. 75, ISBN 9781604731484.
  11. ^ Seniors, Paula Marie (2009). Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Culture of Uplift, Identity, and Politics in Black Musical Theatre. The Ohio State University Press. pp. 61, 116.
  12. ^ Seniors, Paula Marie (2009). Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Culture of Uplift, Identity, and Politics in Black Musical Theatre. The Ohio State University Press. pp. 64–65.
  13. ^ Seniors, Paula Marie (2009). Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Culture of Uplift, Identity, and Politics in Black Musical Theatre. The Ohio State University Press.
  14. ^ "Sing Negro Spirituals. J. Rosamond Johnson and Taylor Gordon Applauded in Aeolian Hall". New York Times. November 22, 1926. Retrieved December 13, 2014. J. Rosamond Johnson and Taylor Gordon gave their first New York recital at Aeolian Hall last evening. Their program of negro spirituals included several that were new to ...
  15. ^ "Mrs. J. Rosamond Johnson, Composer's Widow, Is Dead". New York Times. January 28, 1969. Retrieved December 13, 2014. Mrs. Nora E. Floyd Johnson, widow of J. Rosamond Johnson, composer, author, actor and singer, died Sunday at her home at 437 West 162d Street. She was ...
  16. ^ Johnson, James Weldon; Cole, Bob; Johnson, J. Rosamond (1901). My castle on the Nile. New York: Jos. W. Stern and Co. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
  17. ^ Johnson, James Weldon; Cole, Bob; Johnson, J. Rosamond (1901). My heart's desiah is Miss Mariah. New York: Jos. W. Stern and Co. Retrieved September 20, 2014.

References

  • Southern, Eileen. The Music of Black Americans: A History. W. W. Norton & Company; 3rd edition. ISBN 0-393-97141-4
  • Yenser, Thomas (editor), Who's Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America, Who's Who in Colored America, Brooklyn, New York, 1930-1931-1932 (Third Edition)
  • Paula Marie Seniors, Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Culture of Uplift, Identity, and Culture in Black Musical Theater

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to J. Rosamond Johnson.

April 09, 2023
rosamond, johnson, john, rosamond, johnson, august, 1873, november, 1954, usually, referred, american, composer, singer, during, harlem, renaissance, born, jacksonville, florida, much, career, york, city, johnson, noted, composer, tune, hymn, lift, every, voic. John Rosamond Johnson August 11 1873 November 11 1954 usually referred to as J Rosamond Johnson 1 was an American composer and singer during the Harlem Renaissance Born in Jacksonville Florida he had much of his career in New York City Johnson is noted as the composer of the tune for the hymn Lift Every Voice and Sing It was first performed live by 500 Black American students from the segregated Florida Baptist Academy Jacksonville Florida in 1900 2 The song was published by Joseph W Stern amp Co Manhattan New York later the Edward B Marks Music Company 3 J Rosamond Johnson right with Bob Cole J Rosamond Johnson photo by Carl Van Vechten 1933 J Rosamond Johnson was the younger brother of poet and activist James Weldon Johnson 4 who wrote the lyrics for Lift Every Voice and Sing 5 The two also worked together in causes related to the NAACP 6 Contents 1 Biography 2 Musical works 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBiography EditJ Rosamond Johnson was born on August 11 1873 the son of Helen Louise Dillet a native of Nassau Bahamas and James Johnson His maternal great grandmother Hester Argo had escaped from Saint Domingue now Haiti during the revolutionary upheaval in 1802 along with her three young children including Johnson s grandfather Stephen Dillet 1797 1880 Although originally headed to Cuba their boat was intercepted by privateers and they were brought to Nassau Bahamas instead There they permanently settled In 1833 Stephen Dillet was the first man of color to win election to the Bahamian legislature 7 Johnson was trained at the New England Conservatory and then studied in London His career began as a public school teacher in his hometown of Jacksonville Florida Traveling to New York he began his show business career along with his brother and composer Bob Cole As a songwriting team they wrote works such as The Evolution of Ragtime 1903 Among the earliest works by the group was a suite of six songs of Negro music The men also produced two successful Broadway operettas with casts of black actors Shoo Fly Regiment of 1906 and The Red Moon of 1908 8 9 10 Johnson also performed in these operettas He played a Tuskegee soldier who enlists in the Spanish American War in The Shoo Fly Regiment and portrayed African American Plunk Green opposite Abbie Mitchell s Minnehaha a mixed Indian black woman in The Red Moon 11 These performances went beyond theatre Rosamond alongside his brother and Cole evoked a political presence in their inclusion of other races in their musicals 12 In The Red Moon Cole and Johnson broke racial lines as they included a love scene between Rosamond s Green and Mitchell s Minnehaha This spotlight on Native Americans was so well received that Rosamond was inducted as a sub chief into the Iroquois tribe of Montreal s Caughnawaga Reservation which had a majority population of ethnic Mohawk people 13 Cole and the Johnson brothers also created and produced several white musicals Sleeping Beauty and the Beast in 1901 In Newport in 1904 and Humpty Dumpty in 1904 Johnson would also collaborate to create Hello Paris with J Leubrie Hill in 1911 Johnson was active in various musical roles during his career He toured the vaudeville circuit and after Cole s 1911 death began a successful tour with Charles Hart and Tom Brown In London he wrote music for a theater review from 1912 to 1913 serving a long residency After returning to the United States New York s Music School Settlement for Colored founded by the New York Symphony Orchestra s David Mannes appointed him as director where he served from 1914 to 1919 J Rosamond Johnson served as the first Deputy Marshal for the historic Negro Silent Protest Parade in 1917 6 Johnson also toured with his own ensembles The Harlem Rounders and The Inimitable Five He also performed in Negro spiritual concerts with Emmanuel Taylor Gordon including at Aeolian Hall in Manhattan 14 Johnson created vocal arrangements for the 1933 film version of Eugene O Neill s play The Emperor Jones starring Paul Robeson The London production of Lew Leslie s Blackbirds of 1936 engaged Johnson as musical director During the 1930s Johnson also sang the role of Frazier in the original production of Gershwin s Porgy and Bess taking roles in other dramas as well He reprised his role as Frazier on the 1951 studio recording of Porgy and Bess As an editor he collected four important works of traditional African American songs The first two of these song collections he compiled along with his brother James The Book of American Negro Spirituals 1925 and The Second Book of Negro Spirituals 1926 In addition Johnson edited Shoutsongs 1936 and the folksong anthology Rolling Along in Song 1937 He died on November 11 1954 in New York City His widow Nora E Floyd Johnson died in 1969 15 Musical works Edit Robert Cole and Rosamond Johnson The Shoo Fly Regiment 1906 Broadway operetta The Red Moon 1908 Broadway operetta The Sleeping Beauty and the Beast 1901 musical My Castle On The Nile song 1901 16 My heart s desiah is Miss Mariah 1901 song 17 Mudder Knows 1903 song In Newport 1904 musical Humpty Dumpty 1904 musical I ll Keep a Warm Spot in My Heart For You 1906 song Mr Lode of Koal 1909 musical Come Over Here 1912 musical The Maiden with the Dreamy Eyes song Didn t He Ramble song Li l Gal song Since You Went Away song Lift Every Voice and Sing song The Siberian Dip 1911 ragtime instrumentalSee also Edit Biography portal United States portalThe Frogs club African American musical theaterNotes Edit Black Past Audio recording Atlanta Music Festival Archived February 10 2013 at the Wayback Machine Edward B Marks Music Company Archived from the original on August 31 2022 Retrieved January 31 2013 Davies Carol Boyce 2008 Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora Origins Experiences and Culture p 596 ISBN 9781851097005 Retrieved July 31 2017 Johnson J Weldon 1899 Lift Every Voice and Sing ISBN 9780439351065 Retrieved July 31 2017 a b NAACP s Crisis Magazine PDF Brown University Library September 1 1917 Retrieved July 31 2017 Along This Way James Weldon Johnson s autobiography Johnson James Weldon 1991 Knopf 1930 Black Manhattan Da Capo Press p 109 ISBN 9780306804311 Krasner David 1998 Resistance Parody and Double Consciousness in African American Theatre 1895 19 Palgrave Macmillan pp 141 42 ISBN 9780312219253 Abbott Lynn Serof Doug 2007 Ragged but Right University Press of Mississippi p 75 ISBN 9781604731484 Seniors Paula Marie 2009 Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing The Culture of Uplift Identity and Politics in Black Musical Theatre The Ohio State University Press pp 61 116 Seniors Paula Marie 2009 Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing The Culture of Uplift Identity and Politics in Black Musical Theatre The Ohio State University Press pp 64 65 Seniors Paula Marie 2009 Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing The Culture of Uplift Identity and Politics in Black Musical Theatre The Ohio State University Press Sing Negro Spirituals J Rosamond Johnson and Taylor Gordon Applauded in Aeolian Hall New York Times November 22 1926 Retrieved December 13 2014 J Rosamond Johnson and Taylor Gordon gave their first New York recital at Aeolian Hall last evening Their program of negro spirituals included several that were new to Mrs J Rosamond Johnson Composer s Widow Is Dead New York Times January 28 1969 Retrieved December 13 2014 Mrs Nora E Floyd Johnson widow of J Rosamond Johnson composer author actor and singer died Sunday at her home at 437 West 162d Street She was Johnson James Weldon Cole Bob Johnson J Rosamond 1901 My castle on the Nile New York Jos W Stern and Co Retrieved September 20 2014 Johnson James Weldon Cole Bob Johnson J Rosamond 1901 My heart s desiah is Miss Mariah New York Jos W Stern and Co Retrieved September 20 2014 References EditSouthern Eileen The Music of Black Americans A History W W Norton amp Company 3rd edition ISBN 0 393 97141 4 Yenser Thomas editor Who s Who in Colored America A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America Who s Who in Colored America Brooklyn New York 1930 1931 1932 Third Edition Paula Marie Seniors Beyond Lift Every Voice and Sing The Culture of Uplift Identity and Culture in Black Musical TheaterExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to J Rosamond Johnson The J Rosamond Johnson Papers at Yale University Music Library Free scores by J Rosamond Johnson at the International Music Score Library Project IMSLP Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title J Rosamond Johnson amp oldid 1143633600, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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