Ivan Sutherland

For other people named Ivan Sutherland, see Ivan Sutherland (disambiguation).

Ivan Edward Sutherland (born May 16, 1938)^[1] is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, widely regarded as a pioneer of computer graphics.^[2] His early work in computer graphics as well as his teaching with David C. Evans in that subject at the University of Utah in the 1970s was pioneering in the field. Sutherland, Evans, and their students from that era developed several foundations of modern computer graphics. He received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1988 for the invention of the Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the sort of graphical user interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the National Academy of Sciences among many other major awards. In 2012, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for "pioneering achievements in the development of computer graphics and interactive interfaces".^[3]

Ivan Edward Sutherland
Sutherland in 2008
Born	(1938-05-16) May 16, 1938 (age 85) Hastings, Nebraska, United States
Alma mater	MIT (Ph.D., 1963) Caltech (M.S., 1960) Carnegie Institute of Technology (B.S., 1959)
Known for	Father of computer graphics Direct linear transformation Interactive computing Sketchpad Zooming user interface Cohen–Sutherland algorithm Sutherland–Hodgman algorithm
Awards	Turing Award (1988) Computer Pioneer Award (1985) IEEE John von Neumann Medal (1998) Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, National Academy of Engineering member, National Academy of Sciences member, Kyoto Prize Computer History Museum Fellow (2005)
Scientific career
Fields	Computer science Internet Computer graphics
Institutions	Harvard University University of Utah Evans and Sutherland California Institute of Technology Carnegie Mellon University Sun Microsystems Portland State University Advanced Research Projects Agency (1964–1966)
Thesis	Sketchpad, a Man–Machine Graphical Communication System (1963)
Doctoral advisor	Claude Shannon
Doctoral students	Danny Cohen, Henri Gouraud, James H. Clark, Bui Tuong Phong, Franklin C. Crow, John Warnock

Biography

Sutherland's father was from New Zealand; his mother, Anne Sutherland, was from Scotland. His family moved to Wilmette, Illinois, then Scarsdale, New York, for his father's career. Bert Sutherland was his elder brother.^[4] Ivan Sutherland earned his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Carnegie Institute of Technology, his master's degree from Caltech, and his Ph.D. from MIT in Electrical Engineering in 1963.^[5]

Sutherland invented Sketchpad in 1962 while at MIT. Claude Shannon signed on to supervise Sutherland's computer drawing thesis. Among others on his thesis committee were Marvin Minsky and Steven Coons. Sketchpad was an innovative program that influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers. Sketchpad could accept constraints and specified relationships among segments and arcs, including the diameter of arcs. It could draw both horizontal and vertical lines and combine them into figures and shapes. Figures could be copied, moved, rotated, or resized, retaining their basic properties. Sketchpad also had the first window-drawing program and clipping algorithm, which allowed zooming. Sketchpad ran on the Lincoln TX-2 computer and influenced Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System. Sketchpad, in turn, was influenced by the conceptual Memex as envisioned by Vannevar Bush in his influential paper "As We May Think".^{[citation needed]}

From 1963 to 1965, after he received his PhD, he served in the U.S. Army, commissioning as an officer through the ROTC program at Carnegie Institute of Technology. As a first lieutenant, Sutherland replaced J. C. R. Licklider as the head of the US Defense Department Advanced Research Project Agency's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), when Licklider took a job at IBM in 1964.^[6][7][8]

From 1965 to 1968, Sutherland was an associate professor of electrical engineering at Harvard University. Work with student Danny Cohen in 1967 led to the development of the Cohen–Sutherland computer graphics line clipping algorithm. In 1968, with his students Bob Sproull, Quintin Foster, Danny Cohen, and others he created the first head-mounted display that rendered images for the viewer's changing pose, as sensed by The Sword of Damocles, thus making the first virtual reality system. A prior system, Sensorama,^[9][10] used a head-mounted display to play back static video and other sensory stimuli. The optical see-through head-mounted display used in Sutherland's VR system was a stock item used by U.S. military helicopter pilots to view video from cameras mounted on the helicopter's belly.

From 1968 to 1974, Sutherland was a professor at the University of Utah. Among his students there were Alan Kay, inventor of the Smalltalk language, Gordon W. Romney (computer and cybersecurity scientist), who rendered the first 3D images at U of U, Henri Gouraud, who devised the Gouraud shading technique, Frank Crow, who went on to develop antialiasing methods, Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics, Henry Fuchs, and Edwin Catmull, co-founder of Pixar and now president of Walt Disney and Pixar Animation Studios.

In 1968 he co-founded Evans & Sutherland with his friend and colleague David C. Evans. The company did pioneering work in the field of real-time hardware, accelerated 3D computer graphics, and printer languages. Former employees of Evans & Sutherland included the future founders of Adobe (John Warnock) and Silicon Graphics (Jim Clark).

From 1974 to 1978 he was the Fletcher Jones Professor of Computer Science at California Institute of Technology, where he was the founding head of that school's computer science department. He then founded a consulting firm, Sutherland, Sproull and Associates, which was purchased by Sun Microsystems to form the seed of its research division, Sun Labs.^{[citation needed]}

Sutherland was a fellow and vice president at Sun Microsystems. Sutherland was a visiting scholar in the computer science division at University of California, Berkeley (fall 2005 – spring 2008). On May 28, 2006, Ivan Sutherland married Marly Roncken. Since 2009, Sutherland and Roncken have led the research in Asynchronous Systems at Portland State University.^[11][5]

He has two children. His elder brother, Bert Sutherland, was also a computer science researcher.^[12]

Awards

• Computer History Museum Fellow "for the Sketchpad computer-aided design system and for lifelong contributions to computer graphics and education," 2005^[13]
• R&D 100 Award, 2004 (team)^[14]
• IEEE John von Neumann Medal, 1998^[15]
• Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, 1994^[16]
• Electronic Frontier Foundation EFF Pioneer Award, 1994^[17]
• ACM Software System Award, 1993^[18]
• Turing Award, 1988^[19]
• Computerworld Honors Program, Leadership Award, 1987^[20]
• IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award – ^[21]
  1986 "For pioneering work in the development of interactive computer graphics systems and contributions to computer science education."
  
• Member, United States National Academy of Sciences, 1978^[22]
• National Academy of Engineering member

1973 "for creative contributions in computer science and computer graphics, particularly in the study of the interfaces between men and machines"^[23]

• Kyoto Prize 2012, in the category of advanced technology.^[24]
• National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductee, 2016.^[25]
• Washington Award, 2018 ^[26]
• BBVA Fronteras del conocimiento 2019.^[27][28]

Quotes

• "A display connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world. It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland."^[29]
• "The ultimate display would, of course, be a room within which the computer can control the existence of matter. A chair displayed in such a room would be good enough to sit in. Handcuffs displayed in such a room would be confining, and a bullet displayed in such a room would be fatal."^[29]
• When asked: "How could you possibly have done the first interactive graphics program, the first non-procedural programming language, the first object oriented software system, all in one year?", Sutherland replied: "Well, I didn't know it was hard."^[30]
• "It’s not an idea until you write it down."^[31]
• "Without the fun, none of us would go on!"^[32]

Patents

Sutherland has more than 60 patents, including:

• US Patent 7,636,361 (2009) Apparatus and method for high-throughput asynchronous communication with flow control
• US Patent 7,417,993 (2008) Apparatus and method for high-throughput asynchronous communication
• US Patent 7,384,804 (2008) Method and apparatus for electronically aligning capacitively coupled mini-bars
• US patent 3,889,107 (1975) System of polygon sorting by dissection
• US patent 3,816,726 (1974) Computer Graphics Clipping System for Polygons
• US patent 3,732,557 (1973) Incremental Position-Indicating System
• US patent 3,684,876 (1972) Vector Computing System as for use in a Matrix Computer
• US patent 3,639,736 (1972) Display Windowing by Clipping

Publications

• , 2004 from "CAD software – history of CAD CAM" by CADAZZ
• Sutherland's 1963 Ph.D. Thesis from Massachusetts Institute of Technology republished in 2003 by University of Cambridge as Technical Report Number 574, Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System. His thesis supervisor was Claude Shannon, father of information theory.
• , by Jon Lexau, Jonathan Gainsley, Ann Coulthard and Ivan E. Sutherland, Sun Microsystems Laboratories Report Number TR-2001-100, October 2001
• Technology And Courage by Ivan Sutherland, Sun Microsystems Laboratories Perspectives Essay Series, Perspectives-96-1 (April 1996)
• Biography, "Ivan Sutherland" circa 1996, hosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing at archive.today (archived July 18, 2011)
• , by Ivan E. Sutherland, Charles E. Molnar (Charles Molnar), and Robert F. Sproull (Bob Sproull), Sun Microsystems Laboratories Report Number TR-94-25, April 1994
• Oral history interview with Ivan Sutherland at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Sutherland describes his tenure as head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) from 1963 to 1965. He discusses the existing programs as established by J. C. R. Licklider and the new initiatives started while he was there: projects in graphics and networking, the ILLIAC IV, and the Macromodule program.

See also

• List of pioneers in computer science

References

1. Elizabeth H. Oakes (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. Infobase Publishing. p. 701. ISBN 978-1-4381-1882-6. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
2. . NIHF. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016. Sutherland is widely regarded as the "father of computer graphics."
3. "The 2012 Kyoto Prize Laureates". Inamori Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
4. Archived at Ghostarchive and the : Sutherland, Bert (February 21, 2020) [Interview took place on May 25, 2017]. "Oral History of Bert Sutherland" (Interview). Interviewed by David C. Brock and Bob Sproull. Computer History Museum, Mountain View, California: YouTube. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
5. CV of Ivan Sutherland, Portland State University
6. Moschovitis Group; Hilary W. Poole; Laura Lambert; Chris Woodford; Christos J. P. Moschovitis (2005). The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-659-6.
7. Page, Dan; Cynthia Lee (1999). . UCLA Today. The Regents of the University of California (UC Regents). Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
8. Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2018). The Dream Machine (Fourth ed.). Stripe Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-7322651-1-0.
9. Stereoscopic-television apparatus for individual use, 1957-05-24, retrieved 2018-05-17
10. "Forgotten genius: the man who made a working VR machine in 1957". techradar.com. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
11. . Asynchronous Research Center web site. Portland State University. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
12. "Ivan Sutherland - A.M. Turing Award". ACM Association for Computing Machinery.
13. CHM. . Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
14. R&D 100 2009-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
15. von Neumann Medal
16. ACM Fellow
17. EFF Pioneer 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
18. . ACM Awards. Association for Computing Machinery. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
19. . Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2014-10-29.
20. . Archived from the original on 2008-02-24. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
21. (PDF). IEEE. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
22. NAS Member
23. NAE member 2010-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
24. "Kyoto Prize". The Times of India. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
25. . Archived from the original on 2016-02-19. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
26. "The Washington Award". Western Society of Engineers. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
27. "Ivan Sutherland, Premio BBVA por revolucionar la interacción humano-máquina a través de la realidad virtual". 19 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-02-19. (Spanish)
28. "Ivan Sutherland, "padre de los gráficos por ordenador", Premio "Fronteras del Conocimiento" de la Fundación BBVA". 19 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-02-19. (Spanish)
29. Sutherland, Ivan E. (1965). "The Ultimate Display". Proceedings of IFIP Congress. pp. 506–508.
30. Alan Kay (Speaker) (1987). Doing with Images Makes Symbols (Videotape). University Video Communications, Apple Computer. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
31. Burton, Robert (2012). . A.M. Turing Awards. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
32. Sutherland, Ivan (April 1996), Technology and Courage, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.137.8273

External links

• Ivan Sutherland at IMDb