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Ioannis Psycharis

Ioannis (Yiannis) Psycharis (Greek: Ιωάννης (Γιάννης) Ψυχάρης; French: Jean Psychari; 1854–1929) was a Russian Empire born philologist who was much of his life a national of France. He was of Greek descent. He was also a writer and a promoter of Demotic Greek.

Yiannis Psycharis
Woodcut portrait of Jean Psychari in the Ποικίλη Στοά magazine from 1888
Born15 May 1854
Died29 September 1929
Paris, France
OccupationAuthor
SpouseNoémie Renan
RelativesErnest Renan (father-in-law)

Biography Edit

Psycharis was born on 15 May 1854 in Odessa (in modern-day Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire),[1] in a merchant family of Chiot descent. His mother died when he was a child, and he was raised by his grandmother in Marseille.[1] He also spent some time with his father in Constantinople and later moved to Paris.[1]

He studied at the École des langues orientales.

Career Edit

Psycharis was director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études after 1885,[1] and then professor at the École des langues orientales from 1903 to 1928, succeeding Émile Legrand [fr].

In 1886, he made a trip to Greece out of which he wrote My Journey, advocacy of Demotic Greek (with some remarks on the Ancient Greek pronunciation), which connected it with the national integration (Megali Idea). So he became the mentor of the Demotic side in the Greek language question. Because of his stance, in favour of Demotiki, he was heavily criticized by both the conservative political and educational establishment in Greece (most notably professor Georgios Hatzidakis), and he was often under attack by various newspapers.

Psycharis was the populariser of the term diglossia,[citation needed], which describes a language community's simultaneous use of the genuine mother tongue of the present day, the vernacular, and a dialect from centuries earlier in the history of the language. The vernacular is of low prestige and is discouraged or totally forbidden for written use and formal spoken use, while the obsolete dialect is of high prestige and is used for most written communication and for formal speeches by institutions of authority such as government and religious institutions. Diglossia was a major issue in Greek society and politics in the 19th and 20th centuries (see Greek language question).

Psycharis also proposed an innovative orthography for Greek that never really caught on, despite being the focus of several serious attempts at implementation continuing into the late 20th century. A beginning Modern Greek textbook for foreign students, Ellinika Tora (Greek Now), employs some of his suggestions such as substituting rho for lambda when the pronunciation of the glide is conditioned by the other sounds around it – thus αδερφός (aderfos) instead of standard αδελφός (adelphos). While that and other of his suggestions more accurately reflect true pronunciation, they seem to have little chance of being adopted.

During the Dreyfus affair, Psycharis defended Alfred Dreyfus, who had been falsely accused of treason because he was Jewish.[1] Moreover, Psycharis supported his friend Emile Zola's publication of J'accuse…!, a public letter in defense of Dreyfus.[1]

Personal life Edit

In 1882, he married Ernest Renan's daughter, Noémie.[1] They had four children, among which Ernest Psichari, Henriette Revault d'Allonnes [fr] and Corrie Siohan [fr], raised in the Scheffer-Renan Hôtel, the current Musée de la Vie romantique in the heart of the Nouvelle Athènes neighbourhood, in Paris.

Death Edit

Psycharis died in Paris on 29 September 1929. He is buried in Chios.

Works Edit

  • Jean, Psychari (1888). My Journey [Το ταξίδι μου]. Athens: S. K. Vlastos.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Patéridou, Géorgia (2015). "L'émergence de l'intellectuel en tant que réformateur politique et culturel : l'exemple de Jean Psichari (1854-1929)". Rives méditerranéennes. 1 (50): 41–50. doi:10.4000/rives.4790. Retrieved 28 March 2016 – via Cairn.info.

External links Edit

ioannis, psycharis, ioannis, yiannis, psycharis, greek, Ιωάννης, Γιάννης, Ψυχάρης, french, jean, psychari, 1854, 1929, russian, empire, born, philologist, much, life, national, france, greek, descent, also, writer, promoter, demotic, greek, yiannis, psycharisw. Ioannis Yiannis Psycharis Greek Iwannhs Giannhs PSyxarhs French Jean Psychari 1854 1929 was a Russian Empire born philologist who was much of his life a national of France He was of Greek descent He was also a writer and a promoter of Demotic Greek Yiannis PsycharisWoodcut portrait of Jean Psychari in the Poikilh Stoa magazine from 1888Born15 May 1854Odessa Russian EmpireDied29 September 1929Paris FranceOccupationAuthorSpouseNoemie RenanRelativesErnest Renan father in law Contents 1 Biography 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 Death 5 Works 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBiography EditPsycharis was born on 15 May 1854 in Odessa in modern day Ukraine then part of the Russian Empire 1 in a merchant family of Chiot descent His mother died when he was a child and he was raised by his grandmother in Marseille 1 He also spent some time with his father in Constantinople and later moved to Paris 1 He studied at the Ecole des langues orientales Career EditPsycharis was director of studies at the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes after 1885 1 and then professor at the Ecole des langues orientales from 1903 to 1928 succeeding Emile Legrand fr In 1886 he made a trip to Greece out of which he wrote My Journey advocacy of Demotic Greek with some remarks on the Ancient Greek pronunciation which connected it with the national integration Megali Idea So he became the mentor of the Demotic side in the Greek language question Because of his stance in favour of Demotiki he was heavily criticized by both the conservative political and educational establishment in Greece most notably professor Georgios Hatzidakis and he was often under attack by various newspapers Psycharis was the populariser of the term diglossia citation needed which describes a language community s simultaneous use of the genuine mother tongue of the present day the vernacular and a dialect from centuries earlier in the history of the language The vernacular is of low prestige and is discouraged or totally forbidden for written use and formal spoken use while the obsolete dialect is of high prestige and is used for most written communication and for formal speeches by institutions of authority such as government and religious institutions Diglossia was a major issue in Greek society and politics in the 19th and 20th centuries see Greek language question Psycharis also proposed an innovative orthography for Greek that never really caught on despite being the focus of several serious attempts at implementation continuing into the late 20th century A beginning Modern Greek textbook for foreign students Ellinika Tora Greek Now employs some of his suggestions such as substituting rho for lambda when the pronunciation of the glide is conditioned by the other sounds around it thus aderfos aderfos instead of standard adelfos adelphos While that and other of his suggestions more accurately reflect true pronunciation they seem to have little chance of being adopted During the Dreyfus affair Psycharis defended Alfred Dreyfus who had been falsely accused of treason because he was Jewish 1 Moreover Psycharis supported his friend Emile Zola s publication of J accuse a public letter in defense of Dreyfus 1 Personal life EditIn 1882 he married Ernest Renan s daughter Noemie 1 They had four children among which Ernest Psichari Henriette Revault d Allonnes fr and Corrie Siohan fr raised in the Scheffer Renan Hotel the current Musee de la Vie romantique in the heart of the Nouvelle Athenes neighbourhood in Paris Death EditPsycharis died in Paris on 29 September 1929 He is buried in Chios Works EditJean Psychari 1888 My Journey To ta3idi moy Athens S K Vlastos See also EditMusee de la Vie romantique Hotel Scheffer Renan ParisReferences Edit a b c d e f g Pateridou Georgia 2015 L emergence de l intellectuel en tant que reformateur politique et culturel l exemple de Jean Psichari 1854 1929 Rives mediterraneennes 1 50 41 50 doi 10 4000 rives 4790 Retrieved 28 March 2016 via Cairn info External links EditWorks by Ioannis Psicharis at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Ioannis Psycharis at Internet ArchivePortal nbsp Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ioannis Psycharis amp oldid 1178974318, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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