Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent.[3] A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution.[4]
Like AlCl3 and TlCl3, InCl3 crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of a close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of octahedrally coordinated In(III) centers,[5] a structure akin to that seen in YCl3.[6] In contrast, GaCl3 crystallizes as dimers containing Ga2Cl6.[6] Molten InCl3 conducts electricity,[5] whereas AlCl3 does not as it converts to the molecular dimer, Al2Cl6.[7]
Reactions
InCl3 is a Lewis acid and forms complexes with donor ligands, L, InCl3L, InCl3L2, InCl3L3. For example, with the chloride ion it forms tetrahedral InCl4−, trigonal bipyramidal InCl52−, and octahedral InCl63−.[5]
In diethyl ether solution, InCl3 reacts with lithium hydride, LiH, to form . This unstable compound decomposes below 0 °C,[8] and is reacted in situ in organic synthesis as a reducing agent[9] and to prepare tertiary amine and phosphine complexes of InH3.[10]
^Araki, S.; Hirashita, T. "Indium trichloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X.
^Anthony John Downs (1993). Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. Springer. ISBN0-7514-0103-X.
^Main Group Metals in Organic Synthesis vol 1, ed. Hisashi Yamamoto, Koichiro Oshima, Wiley VCH, 2004, ISBN3527305084
^The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium: Chemical Patterns and Peculiarities, Simon Aldridge, Anthony J. Downs, Wiley, 2011, ISBN978-0-470-68191-6
^Main Group compounds in Inorganic Syntheses, vol 31, By Schultz, Neumayer, Marks; Ed., Alan H. Cowley, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, ISBN0471152889
^An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]- and furopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via Indium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry2006, 2:11 doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-11
January 21, 2023
indium, chloride, chemical, compound, with, formula, incl3, this, salt, white, flaky, solid, with, applications, organic, synthesis, lewis, acid, also, most, available, soluble, derivative, indium, namesother, names, indium, chlorideindium, trichlorideidentifi. Indium III chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3 This salt is a white flaky solid with applications in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium 2 Indium III chloride NamesOther names Indium chlorideIndium trichlorideIdentifiersCAS Number 10025 82 8 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 23197 YECHA InfoCard 100 030 027EC Number 233 043 0PubChem CID 24812RTECS number NL1400000UNII 31JB8MKF8Z YUN number 3260CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID8033566InChI InChI 1S 3ClH In h3 1H q 3 p 3 YKey PSCMQHVBLHHWTO UHFFFAOYSA K YInChI 1 3ClH In h3 1H q 3 p 3Key PSCMQHVBLHHWTO DFZHHIFOAFSMILES Cl In Cl ClPropertiesChemical formula InCl3Molar mass 221 18 g molAppearance white flakesDensity 3 46 g cm3Melting point 586 C 1 087 F 859 K Boiling point 800 C 1 470 F 1 070 K Solubility in water 195 g 100 mL exothermicSolubility in other solvents THF EthanolStructureCrystal structure Monoclinic mS16Space group C12 m1 No 12HazardsOccupational safety and health OHS OSH Main hazards CorrosiveGHS labelling Pictograms 1 Signal word Danger 1 Hazard statements H302 H314 1 Precautionary statements P260 P301 P330 P331 P303 P361 P353 P305 P351 P338 P405 P501 1 NFPA 704 fire diamond 200Safety data sheet SDS External SDSRelated compoundsOther anions Indium III fluorideIndium III bromideIndium III iodideOther cations Aluminium chlorideGallium trichlorideThallium III chlorideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Synthesis and structure 2 Reactions 3 Catalyst in chemistry 4 ReferencesSynthesis and structure EditBeing a relatively electropositive metal indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent 3 A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol benzene solution 4 Like AlCl3 and TlCl3 InCl3 crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of a close packed chloride arrangement containing layers of octahedrally coordinated In III centers 5 a structure akin to that seen in YCl3 6 In contrast GaCl3 crystallizes as dimers containing Ga2Cl6 6 Molten InCl3 conducts electricity 5 whereas AlCl3 does not as it converts to the molecular dimer Al2Cl6 7 Reactions EditInCl3 is a Lewis acid and forms complexes with donor ligands L InCl3L InCl3L2 InCl3L3 For example with the chloride ion it forms tetrahedral InCl4 trigonal bipyramidal InCl52 and octahedral InCl63 5 In diethyl ether solution InCl3 reacts with lithium hydride LiH to form LiInH 4 displaystyle ce LiInH4 This unstable compound decomposes below 0 C 8 and is reacted in situ in organic synthesis as a reducing agent 9 and to prepare tertiary amine and phosphine complexes of InH3 10 Trimethylindium InMe3 can be produced by reacting InCl3 in diethyl ether solution either with the Grignard reagent MeMgI displaystyle ce MeMgI or methyllithium LiMe Triethylindium can be prepared in a similar fashion but with the grignard reagent EtMgBr 11 InCl 3 3 LiMe Me 3 In OEt 2 3 LiCl displaystyle ce InCl3 3LiMe gt Me3In OEt2 3LiCl InCl 3 3 MeMgI Me 3 In OEt 2 3 MgClI displaystyle ce InCl3 3MeMgI gt Me3In OEt2 3MgClI InCl 3 3 EtMgBr Et 3 In OEt 2 3 MgBr 2 displaystyle ce InCl3 3EtMgBr gt Et3In OEt2 3MgBr2 InCl3 reacts with indium metal at high temperature to form the lower valent indium chlorides In5Cl9 In2Cl3 and InCl 5 Catalyst in chemistry EditIndium chloride is a Lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions such as Friedel Crafts acylations and Diels Alder reactions As an example of the latter 12 the reaction proceeds at room temperature with 1 mole catalyst loading in an acetonitrile water solvent mixture The first step is a Knoevenagel condensation between the barbituric acid and the aldehyde the second step is a reverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction which is a multicomponent reaction of N N dimethyl barbituric acid benzaldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether With the catalyst the reported chemical yield is 90 and the percentage trans isomer is 70 Without the catalyst added the yield drops to 65 with 50 trans product References Edit a b c d Indium III Chloride American Elements Retrieved May 15 2019 Araki S Hirashita T Indium trichloride in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis Ed L Paquette 2004 J Wiley amp Sons New York doi 10 1002 047084289X Indium Trichloride Habeeb J J Tuck D G Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium III Complexes Inorganic Syntheses 1979 volume XIX ISBN 0 471 04542 X a b c d Egon Wiberg Arnold Frederick Holleman 2001 Inorganic Chemistry Elsevier ISBN 0123526515 a b Wells A F Structural Inorganic Chemistry Oxford Clarendon Press 1984 ISBN 0 19 855370 6 Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Anthony John Downs 1993 Chemistry of aluminium gallium indium and thallium Springer ISBN 0 7514 0103 X Main Group Metals in Organic Synthesis vol 1 ed Hisashi Yamamoto Koichiro Oshima Wiley VCH 2004 ISBN 3527305084 The Group 13 Metals Aluminium Gallium Indium and Thallium Chemical Patterns and Peculiarities Simon Aldridge Anthony J Downs Wiley 2011 ISBN 978 0 470 68191 6 Main Group compounds in Inorganic Syntheses vol 31 By Schultz Neumayer Marks Ed Alan H Cowley John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1997 ISBN 0471152889 An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano 2 3 d and furopyrano 2 3 d pyrimidines via Indium Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction Prajapati D Mukut Gohain M Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006 2 11 doi 10 1186 1860 5397 2 11 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indium III chloride amp oldid 1001475411, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
