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Iguazu River

July 08, 2023

This article is about a large river in south-eastern Brazil. For a small river near Rio de Janeiro, see Iguaçu River (Rio de Janeiro).

The Iguazu River (Portuguese: Rio Iguaçu[2] [ˈʁi.u iɡwaˈsu], Spanish: Río Iguazú [ˈri.o iɣwaˈsu]),[3] also called Rio Iguassu,[4] is a river in Brazil and Argentina. It is an important tributary of the Paraná River. The Iguazu River is 1,320 kilometres (820 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi).[5]

Iguazú
Iguaçu, Iguazu rio, Iguassu
The river directly above Iguazu Falls
Map of the Rio de la Plata Basin, showing the Iguazu River joining the Paraná River north of the upper Uruguay River
Location
CountriesBrazil and Argentina
Cities
Physical characteristics
SourceSerra do Mar
 • locationNear Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
 • coordinates25°23′30″S 49°00′11″W / 25.39167°S 49.00306°W / -25.39167; -49.00306
 • elevation1,200 m (3,900 ft)
MouthParaná River
 • location
Foz do Iguaçu, Misiones Province and Paraná, border between Argentina and Brazil
 • coordinates
25°35′33″S 54°35′30″W / 25.59250°S 54.59167°W / -25.59250; -54.59167[1]
 • elevation
110 m (360 ft)
Length1,320 km (820 mi), East-west
Basin size62,000 km2 (24,000 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationIguazu Falls
 • average1,746 m3/s (61,700 cu ft/s)
 • minimum200 m3/s (7,100 cu ft/s)
 • maximum12,799 m3/s (452,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River systemParaná River basin
Tributaries 
 • leftRio Negro (Iguazu), Rio Xopim
 • rightRio de Areia

Course

The Iguazu originates in the Serra do Mar coastal mountains of the Brazilian state of Paraná and close to Curitiba.[6] For 1,205 kilometres (749 mi), to its confluence with the San Antonio River, the Iguazu flows west through Paraná State, Brazil. Downriver from the confluence, the Iguazu River forms the boundary between Brazil and Argentina's Misiones Province.[5] Continuing west, the river drops off a plateau, forming Iguazu Falls, which are accessible via the Rainforest Ecological Train. The falls are within national parks in both Brazil, Iguaçu National Park, and Argentina, Iguazú National Park. It empties into the Paraná River at the point where the borders of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay join, an area known as the Triple Frontier.

Ecology

Unlike tropical South American rivers, where the annual variations in temperature are relatively limited, the water in the subtropical Iguazu River varies significantly depending on season. At two sites, one located just above and another just below the falls, the water at both varied from about 15.5 to 29 °C (60–84 °F), and average was just below 22 °C (72 °F).[7] The pH is typically near-neutral, ranging from 5.9 to 8.7.[7]

About 100 fish species are native to the Iguazu River, and several undescribed species are known.[8][9] Most fish species in the river are catfish, characiforms and cichlids.[9][10] About 70% are endemic, which to a large extent is linked to the falls, serving both as a home for rheophilic species and isolating species above and below.[9][10] This also means that, except for the threatened Steindachneridion melanodermatum in the lower part, large migratory fish known from much of the Paraná River Basin are naturally absent from Iguazu.[8][11] Almost 30 introduced species are found in the river where about one-third originate from other continents (such as carp, largemouth bass, tilapia and African sharptooth catfish) and the remaining from elsewhere in South America (such as dorado, Cichla kelberi, pacu, Brycon hilarii, Prochilodus lineatus and Odontesthes bonariensis).[8][9][12][13]

The unusual Aegla crustacean are locally common in the Iguazu River Basin.[14]

Environmental issues

In July 2000 more than 4,000,000 litres (1,100,000 US gal) of crude oil spilled into the river from a state-run oil refinery in the municipality of Araucária near Curitiba.[15]

 
The Iguazu (right) at its confluence with the Paraná (middle)

See also

References

  1. ^ GNS coordinates adjusted using Google Maps and GeoLocator
  2. ^ Rio Iguaçu at GEOnet Names Server
  3. ^ Río Iguazú at GEOnet Names Server
  4. ^ Rio Iguassu at GEOnet Names Server
  5. ^ a b Varis, Olli; Tortajada, Cecilia; Biswas, Asit K. (2008). Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes. Springer. p. 271. ISBN 978-3-540-74926-4.
  6. ^ PES Serra da Baitaca (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-09-20
  7. ^ a b Nardelli, Bueno, Ludwig, and Guimarães (2016). Structure and dynamics of the planktonic diatom community in the Iguassu River, Paraná State, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 76(2).
  8. ^ a b c Daga, Debona, Abilhoa, Gubiani & Vitule (2016). Non-native fish invasion of Neotropical ecoregion with high endemism: a review of the Iguaçu River. Aquatic Invasions 11(2): 209-223.
  9. ^ a b c d Baumgartner, Pavanelli, Baumgartner, Bifi, Debona & Frana (2012). Peixes do baixo rio Iguaçu. EDUEM. DOI:10.7476/9788576285861
  10. ^ a b Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Řičan (2015). Description of two new species of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the lower Iguazú River with a taxonomic reappraisal of C. iguassuensis, C. tesay and C. yaha. Historia Natural 5(2): 5-27.
  11. ^ Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2010): Igussu. 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  12. ^ Ferrareze & Nogueira (2015). Impact assessment of the introduction of Cichla kelberi in a large Neotropical reservoir and its lateral lagoons (Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil). Braz. J. Biol. 75(4).
  13. ^ Gubiani, Frana, Maciel & Baumgartner (2010). Occurrence of the non-native fish Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816), in a global biodiversity ecoregion, Iguaçu River, Paraná River basin, Brazil. Aquatic Invasions 5 (2): 223-227.
  14. ^ Cyrino, Bureau & Kapoor, editors (2008). Feeding and Digestive Functions of Fishes. p. 45. Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4398-4269-0
  15. ^ "Brazil battles oil spill threat". BBC Online. 18 July 2000. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
 
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July 08, 2023
iguazu, river, this, article, about, large, river, south, eastern, brazil, small, river, near, janeiro, iguaçu, river, janeiro, portuguese, iguaçu, ˈʁi, iɡwaˈsu, spanish, río, iguazú, ˈri, iɣwaˈsu, also, called, iguassu, river, brazil, argentina, important, tr. This article is about a large river in south eastern Brazil For a small river near Rio de Janeiro see Iguacu River Rio de Janeiro The Iguazu River Portuguese Rio Iguacu 2 ˈʁi u iɡwaˈsu Spanish Rio Iguazu ˈri o iɣwaˈsu 3 also called Rio Iguassu 4 is a river in Brazil and Argentina It is an important tributary of the Parana River The Iguazu River is 1 320 kilometres 820 mi long with a drainage basin of 62 000 square kilometres 24 000 sq mi 5 IguazuIguacu Iguazu rio IguassuThe river directly above Iguazu FallsMap of the Rio de la Plata Basin showing the Iguazu River joining the Parana River north of the upper Uruguay RiverLocationCountriesBrazil and ArgentinaCitiesCuritibaCampo LargoFoz do IguacuPhysical characteristicsSourceSerra do Mar locationNear Curitiba Parana Brazil coordinates25 23 30 S 49 00 11 W 25 39167 S 49 00306 W 25 39167 49 00306 elevation1 200 m 3 900 ft MouthParana River locationFoz do Iguacu Misiones Province and Parana border between Argentina and Brazil coordinates25 35 33 S 54 35 30 W 25 59250 S 54 59167 W 25 59250 54 59167 1 elevation110 m 360 ft Length1 320 km 820 mi East westBasin size62 000 km2 24 000 sq mi Discharge locationIguazu Falls average1 746 m3 s 61 700 cu ft s minimum200 m3 s 7 100 cu ft s maximum12 799 m3 s 452 000 cu ft s Basin featuresRiver systemParana River basinTributaries leftRio Negro Iguazu Rio Xopim rightRio de AreiaCourse EditThe Iguazu originates in the Serra do Mar coastal mountains of the Brazilian state of Parana and close to Curitiba 6 For 1 205 kilometres 749 mi to its confluence with the San Antonio River the Iguazu flows west through Parana State Brazil Downriver from the confluence the Iguazu River forms the boundary between Brazil and Argentina s Misiones Province 5 Continuing west the river drops off a plateau forming Iguazu Falls which are accessible via the Rainforest Ecological Train The falls are within national parks in both Brazil Iguacu National Park and Argentina Iguazu National Park It empties into the Parana River at the point where the borders of Argentina Brazil and Paraguay join an area known as the Triple Frontier Ecology EditUnlike tropical South American rivers where the annual variations in temperature are relatively limited the water in the subtropical Iguazu River varies significantly depending on season At two sites one located just above and another just below the falls the water at both varied from about 15 5 to 29 C 60 84 F and average was just below 22 C 72 F 7 The pH is typically near neutral ranging from 5 9 to 8 7 7 About 100 fish species are native to the Iguazu River and several undescribed species are known 8 9 Most fish species in the river are catfish characiforms and cichlids 9 10 About 70 are endemic which to a large extent is linked to the falls serving both as a home for rheophilic species and isolating species above and below 9 10 This also means that except for the threatened Steindachneridion melanodermatum in the lower part large migratory fish known from much of the Parana River Basin are naturally absent from Iguazu 8 11 Almost 30 introduced species are found in the river where about one third originate from other continents such as carp largemouth bass tilapia and African sharptooth catfish and the remaining from elsewhere in South America such as dorado Cichla kelberi pacu Brycon hilarii Prochilodus lineatus and Odontesthes bonariensis 8 9 12 13 The unusual Aegla crustacean are locally common in the Iguazu River Basin 14 Environmental issues EditIn July 2000 more than 4 000 000 litres 1 100 000 US gal of crude oil spilled into the river from a state run oil refinery in the municipality of Araucaria near Curitiba 15 The Iguazu right at its confluence with the Parana middle See also EditList of rivers of Argentina List of rivers of BrazilReferences Edit GNS coordinates adjusted using Google Maps and GeoLocator Rio Iguacu at GEOnet Names Server Rio Iguazu at GEOnet Names Server Rio Iguassu at GEOnet Names Server a b Varis Olli Tortajada Cecilia Biswas Asit K 2008 Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes Springer p 271 ISBN 978 3 540 74926 4 PES Serra da Baitaca in Portuguese ISA Instituto Socioambiental retrieved 2016 09 20 a b Nardelli Bueno Ludwig and Guimaraes 2016 Structure and dynamics of the planktonic diatom community in the Iguassu River Parana State Brazil Braz J Biol 76 2 a b c Daga Debona Abilhoa Gubiani amp Vitule 2016 Non native fish invasion of Neotropical ecoregion with high endemism a review of the Iguacu River Aquatic Invasions 11 2 209 223 a b c d Baumgartner Pavanelli Baumgartner Bifi Debona amp Frana 2012 Peixes do baixo rio Iguacu EDUEM DOI 10 7476 9788576285861 a b Pialek Dragova Casciotta Almiron amp Rican 2015 Description of two new species of Crenicichla Teleostei Cichlidae from the lower Iguazu River with a taxonomic reappraisal of C iguassuensis C tesay and C yaha Historia Natural 5 2 5 27 Freshwater Ecoregions of the World 2010 Igussu Archived 2017 01 16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 28 July 2016 Ferrareze amp Nogueira 2015 Impact assessment of the introduction of Cichla kelberi in a large Neotropical reservoir and its lateral lagoons Upper Parana River Basin Brazil Braz J Biol 75 4 Gubiani Frana Maciel amp Baumgartner 2010 Occurrence of the non native fish Salminus brasiliensis Cuvier 1816 in a global biodiversity ecoregion Iguacu River Parana River basin Brazil Aquatic Invasions 5 2 223 227 Cyrino Bureau amp Kapoor editors 2008 Feeding and Digestive Functions of Fishes p 45 Science Publishers ISBN 978 1 4398 4269 0 Brazil battles oil spill threat BBC Online 18 July 2000 Retrieved 7 June 2012 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iguazu River Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iguazu River amp oldid 1143170698, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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