Proclamation of Idel-Ural RepublicŞämğulof's House in Ufa, where the sessions of the National Parliament (Millät Mäclese) took place.[5]
During the Russian Revolution, various regional political leaders convened in June 1917 in Kazan. The group declared the autonomy of "Muslim Turk-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia". Later on, in Ufa, a parliament named the Millät Mäclese (National Council) was created, in which a draft for the creation of the state would be pushed through and accepted on 29 November 1917 following the Second All-Russia Muslim Congress. However, the Idel-Ural State was met with opposition from Zeki Velidi Togan, a Bashkir revolutionary, who declared the autonomy of Bashkiria, as well as from the Bolsheviks, who had initially supported the creation of Idel-Ural but two months after denounced it as bourgeois nationalism[6][7]: 105 and declared the creation of the Tatar-Bashkir Soviet Republic [ru], with around the same borders as Idel-Ural. This struggle between three different movements weakened the Idel-Ural State.[8]
Members of the Tatar-Bashkir Committee of Idel-Ural based outside of Russia such as Ayaz İshaki participated in an anti-Bolshevik propaganda war. Some also joined the Prometey group, a circle of anti-Soviet Muslim intellectuals based in Warsaw.[7]: 100 The idea of Idel-Ural by its supporting nationalists included the territory of modern-day Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, and most of Orenburg Oblast. The nationalists also wished for expansion towards the Caspian Sea. In January 1918, the Millät Mäclese adopted a constitution written by Galimzian Sharaf, Ilias and Jangir Alkin, Osman Tokumbetov and Y. Muzaffarov.
The Millät Mäclese looked to declare the creation of Idel-Ural on 1 March 1918, a plan which never came to fruition due to Bolshevik arrests of deputies of the Millät Mäclese and their official declaration of the Tatar-Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic.[7]: 105 After the arrested deputies were freed, they reconvened in the Tatar part of Kazan beyond the Bolaq stream (hence in Soviet historiography it was called "Transbolaq Republic" (Забулачная республика)[9]). The Republic, which in reality included only some sections of Kazan and Ufa, was defeated by the Red Army on 28 March 1918.[9][10][11]Its parliament disbanded in April.[8]
Chaghatay-language map depicting Idel-Ural (ایدیل-اورال) neighboring Turkestan (تورکستان), from the November 1931 issue of the Berlin-based Yash Turkistan [uz] magazine
^"Рожденный революцией. Татарскому парламенту исполнилось 100 лет". RFE/RL. 30 November 2017.
^"Почему не удалось построить Идель-Уральскую республику". RFE/RL. 4 August 2018.
^ "Почему не удалось построить Идель-Уральскую республику". RFE/RL (in Russian). 4 August 2018. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
^"Почему не удалось построить Идель-Уральскую республику". RFE/RL (in Russian). 4 August 2018. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
^"Милләт Мәҗлесен ачу тантанасы". Азатлык Радиосы (in Tatar). 9 January 2012. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
^IZMAIL I. SHARIFZHANOV (2007). "The parliament of Tatarstan, 1990–2005: vain hopes, or the Russian way towards parliamentary democracy in a regional dimension." Parliaments, Estates and Representation, 27:1, 239–250, DOI: 10.1080/02606755.2"007.9522264
^ abcYemelianova G.M. (2002) "Muslims under Soviet Rule: 1917–91." In: Russia and Islam. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230288102_4
^ abDevlet, Nadir. "A struggle for independence in the Russian Federation: the case of the Tatars." In: CEMOTI, n°16, 1993. Istanbul – Oulan Bator: autonomisation, mouvements identitaires et construction du politique. pp. 63–82. Accessed 13 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.3406/cemot.1993.1052
^ ab"Забулачная республика – взгляд через 85 лет". Казанские истории (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-12-25.
^Commissar and Mullah: Soviet-Muslim Policy from 1917 to 1924, Glenn L. Roberts, Universal-Publishers, 2007, p.178
^The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations, Olivier Roy, I.B.Tauris, 2000, p.44
idel, ural, state, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Idel Ural State news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message The Idel Ural State Tatar Idel Ural olkәse citation needed Idel Ural olkase citation needed إ ديل ا ورال ئۈلكەسى citation needed also Idel Ural berlege citation needed Idel Ural stati citation needed also known as the Volga Ural State or Idel Ural Republic 3 was an unsuccessful attempt of the autonomy of Tatar peoples that claimed to unite Tatars Bashkirs the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War The republic was proclaimed on 1 March 1918 by a Congress of Muslims from Russia s interior and Siberia but defeated by Bolsheviks the same month 4 Idel Ural means Volga Ural in the Tatar language Idel Ural StateIdel Ural1 28 March 1918FlagClaimed borders of Idel UralCapitalUfaCommon languagesTatar RussianGovernmentRepublic 1 President 1918Sadri Maqsudi Arsal 2 Historical eraRussian Civil War Proclamation1 March 1918 Government in exile1918 Defeat by Red Army28 March 1918Preceded by Succeeded by Russian Republic Russian SFSR Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingHistory edit nbsp Proclamation of Idel Ural Republic nbsp Samgulof s House in Ufa where the sessions of the National Parliament Millat Maclese took place 5 During the Russian Revolution various regional political leaders convened in June 1917 in Kazan The group declared the autonomy of Muslim Turk Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia Later on in Ufa a parliament named the Millat Maclese National Council was created in which a draft for the creation of the state would be pushed through and accepted on 29 November 1917 following the Second All Russia Muslim Congress However the Idel Ural State was met with opposition from Zeki Velidi Togan a Bashkir revolutionary who declared the autonomy of Bashkiria as well as from the Bolsheviks who had initially supported the creation of Idel Ural but two months after denounced it as bourgeois nationalism 6 7 105 and declared the creation of the Tatar Bashkir Soviet Republic ru with around the same borders as Idel Ural This struggle between three different movements weakened the Idel Ural State 8 Members of the Tatar Bashkir Committee of Idel Ural based outside of Russia such as Ayaz Ishaki participated in an anti Bolshevik propaganda war Some also joined the Prometey group a circle of anti Soviet Muslim intellectuals based in Warsaw 7 100 The idea of Idel Ural by its supporting nationalists included the territory of modern day Tatarstan Bashkortostan and most of Orenburg Oblast The nationalists also wished for expansion towards the Caspian Sea In January 1918 the Millat Maclese adopted a constitution written by Galimzian Sharaf Ilias and Jangir Alkin Osman Tokumbetov and Y Muzaffarov The Millat Maclese looked to declare the creation of Idel Ural on 1 March 1918 a plan which never came to fruition due to Bolshevik arrests of deputies of the Millat Maclese and their official declaration of the Tatar Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic 7 105 After the arrested deputies were freed they reconvened in the Tatar part of Kazan beyond the Bolaq stream hence in Soviet historiography it was called Transbolaq Republic Zabulachnaya respublika 9 The Republic which in reality included only some sections of Kazan and Ufa was defeated by the Red Army on 28 March 1918 9 10 11 Its parliament disbanded in April 8 The president of Idel Ural Sadri Maqsudi Arsal escaped to Finland in 1918 He was well received by the Finnish foreign minister Carl Enckell who remembered his valiant defence of the national self determination and constitutional rights of Finland in the Russian Duma citation needed The president in exile also met officials from Estonia before continuing in 1919 to Sweden Germany and France in a quest for Western support Idel Ural was listed among the Captive Nations in the Cold War era public law 1959 of the United States 12 nbsp Chaghatay language map depicting Idel Ural ایدیل اورال neighboring Turkestan تورکستان from the November 1931 issue of the Berlin based Yash Turkistan uz magazineSee also editFree Idel Ural Idel Ural Collegium for the implementation of the Idel Ural State Zeki Validi ToganReferences edit Rozhdennyj revolyuciej Tatarskomu parlamentu ispolnilos 100 let RFE RL 30 November 2017 Pochemu ne udalos postroit Idel Uralskuyu respubliku RFE RL 4 August 2018 Pochemu ne udalos postroit Idel Uralskuyu respubliku RFE RL in Russian 4 August 2018 Retrieved 2020 12 25 Pochemu ne udalos postroit Idel Uralskuyu respubliku RFE RL in Russian 4 August 2018 Retrieved 2020 12 25 Millәt Mәҗlesen achu tantanasy Azatlyk Radiosy in Tatar 9 January 2012 Retrieved 2022 07 25 IZMAIL I SHARIFZHANOV 2007 The parliament of Tatarstan 1990 2005 vain hopes or the Russian way towards parliamentary democracy in a regional dimension Parliaments Estates and Representation 27 1 239 250 DOI 10 1080 02606755 2 007 9522264 a b c Yemelianova G M 2002 Muslims under Soviet Rule 1917 91 In Russia and Islam Studies in Russian and East European History and Society Palgrave Macmillan London https doi org 10 1057 9780230288102 4 a b Devlet Nadir A struggle for independence in the Russian Federation the case of the Tatars In CEMOTI n 16 1993 Istanbul Oulan Bator autonomisation mouvements identitaires et construction du politique pp 63 82 Accessed 13 April 2021 https doi org 10 3406 cemot 1993 1052 a b Zabulachnaya respublika vzglyad cherez 85 let Kazanskie istorii in Russian Retrieved 2020 12 25 Commissar and Mullah Soviet Muslim Policy from 1917 to 1924 Glenn L Roberts Universal Publishers 2007 p 178 The New Central Asia The Creation of Nations Olivier Roy I B Tauris 2000 p 44 Campbell John Coert 1965 American Policy Toward Communist Eastern Europe the Choices Ahead University of Minnesota Press p 116 ISBN 0 8166 0345 6 Further reading editIndus Tagirov ru Ocherki istorii Tatarstana i tatarskogo naroda Tatar Book Publishers 1999 Istoriya nacionalnoj gosudarstvennosti tatarskogo naroda i Tatarstana Tatar Book Publishers 2008 Alter Litvin ru Kazan vremya grazhdanskoj vojny 1991 55 47 47 N 49 06 32 E 55 79639 N 49 10889 E 55 79639 49 10889 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Idel Ural State amp oldid 1219784559, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
