Ida Saxton McKinley
Ida McKinley (nee Saxton; June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907) was the first lady of the United States from 1897 until 1901, as the wife of President William McKinley.
Ida Saxton McKinley | |
|---|---|
Portrait by Frances Benjamin Johnston, c. 1900 | |
| First Lady of the United States | |
| In role March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 | |
| President | William McKinley |
| Preceded by | Frances Cleveland |
| Succeeded by | Edith Roosevelt |
| First Lady of Ohio | |
| In role January 11, 1892 – January 13, 1896 | |
| Governor | William McKinley |
| Preceded by | Maud Campbell |
| Succeeded by | Ellen Bushnell |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ida Saxton June 8, 1847 Canton, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | May 26, 1907 (aged 59) Canton, Ohio, U.S. |
| Resting place | McKinley National Memorial |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Brook Hall Seminary |
| Signature | |
Born to a successful Ohio family, Ida met her future husband and later married him during the early Reconstruction years. She never recovered from losing their daughters as children and remained in a fragile state of health for the rest of her life, including having seizures. During campaigns and while in office, her husband took great care to accommodate her needs, as they were a devoted couple. Ida's ability to fulfill the role of First Lady was nevertheless limited. She was brought further grief by the deaths of her brother and later her husband, as McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist. Ida devotedly visited her husband's resting place daily until her own death.
Early life and marriage edit
Ida was born in Canton, Ohio, the elder daughter of James Saxton, a prominent Canton banker, and Katherine DeWalt. In 1855, her father founded Saxton, PA. Her grandfather, John Saxton, in 1815 founded The Repository, the city's first and now only newspaper. A graduate of Brook Hall Seminary, a finishing school in Media, Pennsylvania, Ida was refined, charming, and strikingly attractive when she met William "Bill" McKinley at a picnic in 1867. They did not begin courting until after she returned from a Grand Tour of Europe in 1869.[1] While single, she worked for a time as a cashier in her father's bank, a position then usually reserved for men.[citation needed]
William McKinley, aged 27, married Ida Saxton, aged 23, on January 25, 1871, at the First Presbyterian Church in Canton, then still under construction. Following the wedding, performed by the Reverend E. Buckingham and the Reverend Dr. Endsley, the couple attended a reception at the home of the bride's parents and left on an eastern wedding trip.[citation needed]
Illness edit
Possessed of a fragile, nervous temperament due to the loss of her mother and two young daughters within a short span of time, Mrs. McKinley broke down. She developed epilepsy and became totally dependent on her husband. Her seizures at times occurred in public; she had one at McKinley's inaugural ball as Governor of Ohio. Although she battled her illness for the rest of her life, she kept busy with her hobby, crocheting slippers, making gifts of literally thousands of pairs to friends, acquaintances and charities, which would auction pairs for large sums.[citation needed] For her condition, she often took barbiturates, laudanum, and other common sedatives of the time.[2]
Children edit
The McKinleys had two daughters. Both died in childhood. They were Katherine "Katie" McKinley (1871–1875) and Ida McKinley (April 1873–August 1873).[citation needed]
Katherine McKinley edit
Katie was born on Christmas Day 1871, while her father was still a Canton lawyer. She was adored by her parents, being the center of their universe[3] and the apple of William's eye. In return, she adored him.[4] She was smothered with love by Ida until a second daughter was born in the spring of 1873. Due to the fact that Ida's mother died some two weeks before the birth, the infant, also named Ida, was born following a very difficult delivery, and she died four months later.[3][4]
Ida was grief-stricken, and she believed that God punished her by killing her daughter.[3][5] She was deeply affected by this, developed phlebitis and epilepsy, and desperately feared the loss of her first-born child.[5] She demanded that William and Katie shower her with displays of love and affection. Ida spent hours a day in a darkened room with Katie in her arms, kissing her and weeping. William's brother, Abner, once found Katie swinging on a gate of the garden of her house and invited her to go for a walk with him. The child replied that "if [she] would go out of the yard, God would punish [her] mama some more".[3]
In June 1875, Katie became ill with typhoid fever and died within days. She was initially interred in Canton's West Lawn Cemetery, but, on October 10, 1907, both Katie and her younger sister Ida were exhumed and re-interred in the north wall of the McKinley National Memorial. On the same day, the bodies of Ida and William were re-interred in the same place.[citation needed]
First Lady of the United States edit
President McKinley took great care to accommodate her condition. In a break with tradition, he insisted that his wife be seated next to him at state dinners rather than at the other end of the table. At receiving lines, she alone remained seated. Many of the social chores normally assumed by the First Lady fell to Mrs. Jennie Tuttle Hobart, wife of Vice President Garret Hobart. Guests noted that whenever Mrs. McKinley was about to undergo a seizure, the President would gently place a napkin or handkerchief over her face to conceal her contorted features. When it passed, he would remove it and resume whatever he was doing as if nothing had happened.[2]
The President's patient devotion and loving attention was the talk of the capital. "President McKinley has made it pretty hard for the rest of us husbands here in Washington," remarked Senator Mark Hanna.[citation needed]
The First Lady often traveled with the President. Mrs. McKinley traveled to California with the President in May 1901, but became so ill in San Francisco[6] that the planned tour of the Northwest was cancelled.[7] She was also with him on the trip to Buffalo, New York in September of that year when he was assassinated but was not present at the shooting. On September 6, 1901, President McKinley was shot in the stomach by a 28-year-old anarchist named Leon Czolgosz. Doctors were unable to locate the bullet. The President's wound eventually became infected with gangrene.[citation needed] He died eight days after the shooting, aged 58.[citation needed]
Later life and death edit
With the assassination of her husband by Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, New York in September 1901, Mrs. McKinley lost much of her will to live. Although she bore up well in the days between the shooting and the president's death, she could not bring herself to attend his funeral. Her health eroded as she withdrew to the safety of her home and memories in Canton. She was cared for by her younger sister. The President was interred at the Werts Receiving Vault at West Lawn Cemetery until his memorial was built. Ida visited daily until her own death.[8] She survived the president by less than six years, dying on May 26, 1907, aged 59.[9] She was buried next to him and their two deceased daughters in Canton's McKinley Memorial Mausoleum.[citation needed]
Murder of brother George Saxton edit
Three years before the assassination of her husband, Ida's only brother, well-known bachelor playboy George DeWalt Saxton (1850–1898), was murdered; Ida wept at his graveside.
Dressmaker Mrs. Anna "Annie" E. Ehrhart George was accused, then tried 2–24 April 1899.
Following nine years of wooing Mrs. George, and six more years indulging in their scandalous affair, Saxton had then requested and financed his lover's divorce from her husband, Sample C. George—who had, in 1892, sued Saxton in the Supreme Court for alienation of affections, settling for $1,850 plus legal costs (after quietly remarrying Lucy Graham)[10]—but George Saxton later spurned his conquest. Failing to successfully sue Saxton for breach of promise; the former Mrs. George was accused of fatally shooting him as he approached the home of another woman—an act she had repeatedly threatened.
Neither the Saxtons nor the McKinley family attended the trial. The media championed her case; Mrs. George claimed self-defense and was acquitted of first-degree murder by a jury. No one else was ever charged with the crime.[11][12] Mrs. George later married Dr. Arthur Cornelius Ridout (1861–1906), reputedly a drunk and a gambler, whose death by hanging from a chandelier was ruled a suicide.[13][14]
Legacy edit
Ida's childhood home, the Saxton House, has been preserved on Market Avenue in Canton. In addition to growing up in the house, she and her husband also lived there from 1878 to 1891, the period during which the future President McKinley served as one of Ohio's Congressional Representatives. The house was restored to its Victorian splendor and became part of the First Ladies National Historic Site at its dedication in 1998.[citation needed]
References edit
- ^ Belden, Henry S. (1985). Grand Tour of Ida Saxton McKinley and Sister Mary Saxton Barber 1869. Canton, Ohio: Henry S. Belden III.
- ^ a b Cook, Blanche Wiesen (1999). Eleanor Roosevelt, Vol. 2: 1933–1938. Viking. p. 17. ISBN 067080486X. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d Edge 2007, p. 33.
- ^ a b Quinn-Musgrove & Kanter 1995, p. 147.
- ^ a b Quinn-Musgrove & Kanter 1995, p. 148.
- ^ . SMF Primary Source Documents. Shapell Manuscript Foundation. Archived from the original on 2014-12-27. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
- ^ "Mrs. McKinley in a Critical Condition". The New York Times. May 16, 1901. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ Kenney, Kimberly A. (2004). Canton's West Lawn Cemetery. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-7385-3309-4.
- ^ . The Sacramento Union. Vol. 113, no. 97. Sacramento, California. 30 May 1907. p. 1. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
[President Roosevelt said] President McKinley served his country as an American citizen should serve his country in war and in peace. But it was in his own home, perhaps, that in devotion to the loving woman we have just buried he gave the best example to us all.
- ^ Turzillo, Jane Ann (2011). Wicked Women of Northeast Ohio. Arcadia Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-1609490263. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ^ Traxel, David (1998). 1898: The birth of the American Century. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 251. ISBN 0-679-77671-0. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ^ Shaffer, Dale E. (27 December 1994). "Playboy's Murder Stuns Ohioans" (PDF). Yesteryears; the Salem News (Insert). 4 (15). Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ^ "People". The National Tribune. Library of congress. 26 July 1906. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Husband of Mrs. George Takes Life". No. morning edition. Canton Morning News. 23 January 1906. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- Original text based on White House biography
Bibliography edit
- Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's royalty: all the presidents' children. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-313-29535-5.
- Edge, ELaura Bufano (2007). William McKinley. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8225-1508-1.
- Barden, Cindy (1996). Meet the First Ladies. Teaching & Learning Co. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4291-1121-8.
- Leech, Margaret (1986). In the Days of McKinley. The Easton Press.
External links edit
- Media related to Ida Saxton McKinley at Wikimedia Commons
- Works related to Woman of the Century/Ida Saxton McKinley at Wikisource
- Ida Mckinley – National First Ladies' Library
- Ida McKinley at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image