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2013 Icelandic parliamentary election

August 29, 2023

Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 27 April 2013.[1] Fifteen parties contested the elections, compared to just seven in the previous elections.[2][3] The result was a victory for the two centre-right opposition parties, the Independence Party and Progressive Party,[4] which subsequently formed a coalition government. The parties were eurosceptic and their win brought to a halt partially completed negotiations with the European Union regarding Icelandic membership.[4]

2013 Icelandic parliamentary election
← 2009 27 April 2013 2016 →
All 63 seats in the Althing
32 seats needed for a majority
Turnout81.50%
Party Leader % Seats +/–
Independence Bjarni Benediktsson 26.70 19 +3
Progressive Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson 24.43 19 +10
Social Democratic Árni Páll Árnason 12.85 9 -11
Left-Green Katrín Jakobsdóttir 10.87 7 -7
Bright Future Guðmundur Steingrímsson 8.25 6 New
Pirates Collective leadership 5.10 3 New

Background Edit

The previous elections in 2009 were won by the Social Democratic Alliance – the first time that the Independence Party was not the largest party in the Althing. The Social Democratic Alliance was able to form a coalition with the Left-Green Movement. As a result of this, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became the first female prime minister of Iceland, as well as the first openly lesbian head of government in the world.

Incumbent parliament Edit

Main article: List of members of the Parliament of Iceland

Five parties were elected at the previous election, held in April 2009. Since then, the parliamentary representation for one of these, Citizens' Movement, first mostly moved to The Movement and then, in March 2012, to the new party Dawn. One of the MPs elected for the Citizens' movement, Þráinn Bertelsson, left the parliamentary party almost immediately and then a 16 months after the 2009 election he joined the Left-green movement. In January 2012, the new party Solidarity was founded by an incumbent MP, Lilja Mósesdóttir, who was elected as a member of the Left-Green Movement. Another new party, Bright Future, was formed in February 2012 with the involvement of two MPs from, respectively, the Progressive Party and Social Democratic Alliance. One MP originally elected for Citizens' Movement, Birgitta Jónsdóttir, also participated in the establishment of a new party in 2012, namely the Pirate Party. Two eurosceptic Left-Green Movement MPs, Jón Bjarnason and Atli Gíslason, also decided to defect and form the new Rainbow Movement in March 2013. The box below shows the distribution of seats in the incumbent parliament on 28 March 2013, the last working day of the parliament's term.[5]

Retiring MPs Edit

The following MPs decided not to run for re-election:[10][11][12][13]

Constituencies Edit

There are six constituencies in Iceland. According to the Law on Parliamentary Elections (nr.24/2000), each constituency is allocated 9 seats decided by proportional voting, with 9 special leveling seats (either 1 or 2 per constituency, depending on population size) adjusting the result so that proportionality is maintained according to the overall number of votes received by a party at the national level. The number of constituency seats will, however, be adjusted ahead of the next election, if the number of residents with suffrage per available seat in the constituency increases to more than twice as many as in the last election, when comparing the constituency with the highest number against the one with the lowest. In that case a constituency seat will be reassigned from the constituency with the lowest number to the one with the highest, until the rule is met. However, the total number of seats (including leveling seats) may never fall to less than six in any constituency.[16][17] The box below shows the number of seats available in each constituency at the 2013 parliamentary election.[18]

 
Constituency Constituency seats Leveling seats Total seats
Reykjavik North 9 2 11
Reykjavik South 9 2 11
Southwest 11 2 13
Northwest 7 1 8
Northeast 9 1 10
South 9 1 10
Total 54 9 63

Method for apportionment of constituency seats Edit

The available constituency seats are first distributed to each party according to the D'Hondt method, so that proportional representation is ensured within each of the constituencies. The next step is to apportion these party distributed seats to the candidates within the party having the highest "vote score", after counting both direct candidate votes and their share of party votes in the constituency. In Iceland the "candidate vote system" is that, for each constituency, each party provides a pre-ranked list of candidates beneath each party name (listed according to the preferred order decided by the party), but where the voters voting for the party can alter this pre-ranked order by renumbering the individual candidates and/or crossing out those candidates they do not like, so that such candidates will not get a share of the voter's "personal vote" for the party.[16][19]

As a restriction on the possibility of re-ranking candidates, it is however only possible to alter the first several candidates on the list. The borderline for alterations is drawn for the first three candidates if the party only win one of the total seats in the constituency, or if more than one seat is won the borderline shall be drawn at the pre-ranked number equal to two times the total number of seats being won by the party in the constituency. So if a party has won two seats in a constituency, then the voter is only allowed to re-rank the top four ranked candidates on the list, with any rank altering by voters below this line simply being ignored when subsequently calculating the candidate vote shares within each party. Final calculation of the candidate vote shares is always done according to the Borda method, where all candidates above the previously described borderline in the ranking are granted voting fraction values according to the voters noted rank. If the number of considered candidates consist of four (as in the given example), then the first ranked candidate is assigned a value of 1 (a so-called full personal vote), the next one get the value 0.75 (1/4 less), followed likewise by 0.50 and 0.25 respectively for the two last candidates. If the number of considered candidates instead had been six (due to winning 3 seats), then the first ranked candidate in a similar way would be assigned a value of 1 (a so-called full personal vote), with the following five candidates receiving respectively 5/6, 4/6, 3/6, 2/6 and 1/6. As mentioned above, crossed out names will always be allocated a 0.00 value. The accumulated total score of the candidates voting fractions, will be used in determining which candidates receive the seats won by their party. Note that candidate vote scores are not directly comparable to candidates from other parties, as how many seats are being won in a constituency by a particular party will effect how their candidates receive voting fractions (like in the above examples, where a candidate ranked number four for a party winning two seats would receive a voting fraction of 0.25, compared to 0.50 for an equally ranked candidate belonging to a party winning 3 seats)[16][19]

Method for apportionment of leveling seats Edit

After the initial apportionment of constituency seats, all the parties that exceed the election threshold of 5% nationally will also qualify to potentially be granted the extra leveling seats, which seek to adjust the result towards seat proportionality at the national level.

The calculation procedure for the distribution of leveling seats is, first, for each party having exceeded the national threshold of 5%, to calculate the ratio of its total number of votes at the national level divided by the sum of one extra seat added to the number of seats the party have so far won. The first leveling seat will go to the party with the highest ratio of votes per seat. The same calculation process is then repeated, until all 9 leveling seats have been allocated to specific parties. A party's "votes per seat" ratio will change during this calculation process, after each additional leveling seat being won. The second and final step is for each party being granted a leveling seat to pin point, across all constituencies, which of its runner-up candidates (candidates that came short of winning direct election through a constituency seat) should then win this additional seat. This selection is made by first identifying the constituency having the strongest "relative constituency vote shares for this additional seat of the party", which is decided by another proportional calculation, where the "relative vote share for the party list in each constituency", is divided with the sum of "one extra seat added to the number of already won constituency seats by the party list in the constituency". When this strongest constituency has been identified, the leveling seat will be automatically granted to the highest placed unelected runner-up candidate on the party list in this constituency, who among the remaining candidates have the highest personal vote score (the same figure as the one used when ranking candidates for constituency seats).[16][19]

The above described method is used for apportionment of all the party allocated leveling seats. Note that when selecting which of a party's constituencies shall receive its apportioned leveling seat, this identification may only happen in exactly the same numerical order as the leveling seats were calculated at the party level. This is important because the number of available leveling seats are limited per constituency, meaning that the last calculated leveling seats in all circumstances can never be granted to candidates who belong to constituencies where the available leveling seats already were granted to other parties.[16][19]

Participating parties Edit

Main article: List of political parties in Iceland

The final deadline for parties to apply for participation in the parliamentary election was 9 April 2013. To be approved for a list letter to participate in the election, new parties were required to submit a minimum of 300 signatures from supporters in each constituency where they intended to list. The participating parties also needed to submit a valid candidate list to the election committee in each of the constituencies where they intended to run, comprising twice as many candidate names as the number of available seats in the constituency, before 12 April.[20] On 16 April the National Election Committee (Icelandic: Landskjörstjórn) published its list of 15 approved parties with 72 candidate lists, as 11 parties had opted to run in all six constituencies, while 2 parties opted only to run in two constituencies, and the final 2 parties were only present in one constituency.[21][22]

Parties with a list for all constituencies
Parties with a list for only some constituencies

Despite having a current member presence in the incumbent parliament, the party Solidarity (C list) decided not to run for election.[15] Likewise these recently established parties also decided not to participate: Optimism Party (E list),[42][43] Christian Political Movement,[6][44][45] and Liberal Democrats.[6][46]

While all applying party lists by the end of the day were getting approved, it was clear that all those who had applied for running the election as single independent candidates were disapproved.[47] According to the Icelandic constitution and election law, independent candidates are not allowed to run in parliamentary elections, unless they manage to join forces with other independent candidates to establish a full complete candidate list for a new group named "independent candidates" in the constituency they intend to run.[48] Last time Iceland had a list of "independent candidates" approved to participate was back in the 2003 elections, where "Independents from the South constituency (Óháðir í Suðurkjördæmi)" was approved as a local list in the South constituency.[49]

European Union accession negotiations Edit

On 14 January 2013, the two governing parties of Iceland, the Social Democratic Alliance and Left-Green Movement, announced that because it was no longer possible to complete EU accession negotiations before the parliamentary elections, they had decided to slow down the process and that the 6 remaining unopened chapters would not be opened until after the election. However, negotiations would continue for the 16 chapters already opened.[50] The new party Bright Future supports the completion of negotiations,[51] while two opposition parties, Independence Party and Progressive Party, argue that negotiations should be completely stopped.[52][53] In February 2013, the national congress of both the Independence Party and Progressive Party reconfirmed their policy that further membership negotiations with the EU should be stopped and not resumed unless they are first approved by a national referendum,[54][55] while the national congresses of the Social Democratic Alliance, Bright Future and Left-Green Movement reiterated their support for the completion of EU accession negotiations.[56]

On 19 March 2013, Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir, an Independence Party MP, put forward a motion in the Althing calling for a referendum asking the Icelandic public whether EU accession negotiations should continue. She proposed that the referendum be held during the upcoming parliamentary election in April if possible, or else during local elections in the spring of 2014.[57] In response to Þorgerður and other proponents of EU integration within the Independence Party, Bjarni Benediktsson, the leader of the party, reiterated the party's policy of stopping negotiations with the EU, but promised to hold a referendum on continuing the negotiations in the first half of their term if they form government.[58][59][60]

Campaign Edit

The list below gives a short summary of significant events in the electoral campaign of each participating party.

  • Independence Party: On 11 April 2013 Chairman of the Independence Party Bjarni Benediktsson said he might step down as party chairman before the upcoming elections, according to an interview on RÚV.[61][62] This came following recent opinion polls which showed the party performing worse than their historically bad 2009 result,[62][63] and a MMR survey which showed the party's popularity would increase with Vice Chairwoman and former Mayor of Reykjavík Hanna Birna Kristjánsdóttir as leader.[62] However, the following day the party's youth wing, Young Independents, declared their full support for Bjarni and on 13 April he announced he would continue on as leader, stating the party's decline in polls was not something that could be changed so easily.[64]
  • Bright Future: The chairman's grandmother announced on 9 March her shift away from a lifelong political support for the Progressive Party, and now will stand as a 104-year-old candidate for Bright Future in the Reykjavík North constituency (albeit as the last 22nd name of the list, with a low chance for election), and thus hoped to signal the party does not only represent a new generation, but also older generations.[65]
  • Iceland Democratic Party: On 25 April 2013 the central committee of Iceland Democratic Party sent a letter to Dawn requesting they cooperate in the election, given that both parties were polling below the 5% threshold for leveling seats and were unlikely to gain constituency seats.[66] The letter proposed they send a joint letter to the National Election Committee requesting that their votes be counted together as one party.[66] Dawn refused the offer the next morning, saying the deadline for a joint candidacy had expired on 12 April, and there would be doubt as to the legitimacy of their cooperating at that point.[66] The two parties had considered cooperating prior to the 12 April deadline, but discussions were unsuccessful.[66]
  • Right-Green Movement: The Right-Green Movement came under scandal when it was revealed that party chairman Guðmundur Franklín Jónsson didn't pay taxes in Iceland,[67] and also didn't have residency in Iceland (making him ineligible to run for parliament.)[68]
  • Rainbow: On 16 March 2013, Thorstein Bergsson, previously a candidate for the Left-Green Movement, announced he was leaving the party and joining Rainbow, saying he was disappointed by the party's position on the EU.[69] The party subsequently announced Thorstein would have the number two spot on the party's list in the Northeast constituency.[69]

Opinion polls Edit

 
Graph of polls from January 2012. Stars stand for national surveys, when many surveys were taken within a four-day period, the average is taken and the line follows the average.
  Independence
  Progressive
  Bright Future
  Social Democratic
  Left-Green
  Right-Green
  Dawn
  Pirate Party
  Solidarity
  The Movement
  Other
Institute Release date C V S T L Þ A B D G Others
2009 result 29 Apr 2009 n/a 21.7% 29.8% n/a n/a n/a n/a 14.8% 23.7% n/a 2.8%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 31 Jan 2012 – 13.7% 21.8% 3.4% – – – 15.4% 36.1% – 9.5%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2[permanent dead link] 9 Feb 2012 21.3% 8.0% 12.3% 1.7% – – 6.1% 12.5% 35.0% 0.9% 1.2%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 29 Feb 2012 11.3% 12.0% 18.7% 2.7% – – 4.3% 13.0% 33.3% – 4.7%
MMR 18 Mar 2012 9.1% 11.3% 18.3% 2.6% – – 4.3% 13.2% 37.3% – 3.9%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 29 Mar 2012 8.9% 11.2% 17.5% 1.9% – – 4.7% 13.0% 38.2% – 4.6%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2[permanent dead link] 12 Apr 2012 6.0% 8.6% 14.8% 2.1% – – 7.2% 14.6% 42.6% 2.3% 0.9%
MMR 17 Apr 2012 4.5% 13.2% 14.6% 2.1% – – 8.1% 14.5% 39.0% – 3.9%
26 Apr 2012 6.9% 11.5% 18.7% 5.4% – – 5.6% 12.5% 37.0% – 2.4%
MMR 15 May 2012 3.1% 14.1% 17.7% 2.6% – – 7.6% 12.8% 38.5% – 3.6%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2[permanent dead link] 24 May 2012 5.1% 9.2% 13.6% 2.7% – – 5.3% 15.8% 43.7% – 3.9%
31 May 2012 5.6% 10.4% 17.7% 5.4% – – 4.0% 12.9% 39.3% – 4.6%
MMR 19 Jun 2012 4.4% 13.3% 16.4% 3.1% – – 4.6% 17.5% 36.4% – 4.3%
28 Jun 2012 4.7% 11.9% 18.8% 4.3% – – 4.3% 12.7% 38.2% 3.6% 1.6%
MMR 16 Jul 2012 2.5% 11.4% 16.9% 3.9% – – 4.1% 17.0% 38.5% – 5.7%
29 Jul 2012 2.7% 12.2% 21.0% 4.1% – – 5.2% 12.4% 36.9% 3.1% 2.5%
31 Aug 2012 3.0% 13.3% 20.7% 3.7% – – 4.5% 13.8% 36.0% 3.0% 2.0%
MMR 6 Sep 2012 1.7% 12.9% 19.3% 1.4% – – 5.9% 13.3% 40.6% – 4.8%
MMR 20 Sep 2012 1.0% 15.8% 17.7% 2.6% – – 6.8% 17.0% 34.9% – 4.1%
27 Sep 2012 2.4% 12.4% 19.4% 3.6% – – 4.9% 14.2% 37.1% 4.4% 1.7%
MMR 12 Oct 2012 3.1% 13.9% 21.2% 2.1% – – 8.8% 11.2% 35.3% 2.1% 1.9%
31 Oct 2012 1.9% 11.7% 22.1% 3.8% – – 6.9% 12.1% 36.2% 3.8% 1.7%
MMR 13 Nov 2012 2.3% 11.3% 18.6% 2.4% – – 10.8% 12.0% 37.7% 3.1% 1.8%
29 Nov 2012 1.7% 10.6% 22.5% 3.8% – – 8.1% 12.7% 35.9% 3.3% 1.7%
MMR 11 Dec 2012 1.9% 11.2% 17.4% 3.1% – – 11.5% 13.6% 37.4% 2.0% 2.0%
28 Dec 2012 1.3% 9.1% 19.1% 3.0% – 2.5% 12.3% 13.1% 36.3% 2.6% 0.4%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 17 Jan 2013 0.6% 7.3% 19.2% 1.9% – 1.0% 14.4% 11.9% 40.7% 1.9% 1.0%
Plúsinn[70] 20 Jan 2013 1.0% 5.0% 19.9% 2.0% – 1.0% 14.1% 12.5% 40.6% 3.0% 0.1%
MMR 20 Jan 2012 1.4% 8.6% 17.3% 2.2% – – 17.6% 14.8% 34.5% 2.0% 1.5%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 31 Jan 2013 1.0% 7.9% 15.6% 2.1% – 2.1% 18.6% 14.2% 35.5% 2.5% 0.4%
31 Jan 2013 – 11.4% 11.9% 1.5% – 0.9% 16.4% 20.8% 32.0% 4.3% 0.2%
Plúsinn[71] 3 Feb 2013 3.0% 5.7% 14.4% 2.0% – 2.0% 14.0% 18.4% 32.7% 6.0% 1.0%
MMR 6 Feb 2013 0.7% 8.6% 16.2% 0.9% – – 17.8% 19.5% 33.0% 1.8% 1.4%
MMR 26 Feb 2013 – 9.5% 12.8% 2.2% – 2.4% 15.3% 23.8% 28.5% 2.5% 3.0%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 28 Feb 2013 – 7.4% 15.4% 1.3% – 2.3% 16.2% 22.1% 29.7% 3.2% –
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 1 Mar 2013 – 11.8% 12.8% 2.0% 2.6% 1.5% 8.7% 26.1% 29.0% 2.6% 2.3%
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ[72] 4 Mar 2013 – 9.9% 16.1% 0.9% 3.7% 1.8% 12.0% 22.4% 29.4% 2.3% 1.4%
MMR 14 Mar 2013 – 9.6% 12.4% 1.9% – 3.6% 15.2% 25.9% 27.2% 2.1% 2.0%
15 Mar 2013 – 8.9% 14.0% 0.7% 3.3% 3.8% 13.2% 25.5% 26.8% 2.8% 1.0%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 16 Mar 2013 – 7.1% 13.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.8% 9.1% 31.9% 27.6% 2.4% 2.0%
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ[72] 26 Mar 2013 – 8.0% 12.8% 1.4% 2.6% 3.3% 11.4% 28.5% 26.1% 2.1% 3.0%
MMR 27 Mar 2013 – 8.7% 12.5% 1.7% 1.7% 3.9% 12.0% 29.5% 24.4% 2.5% 3.2%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 1 Apr 2013 – 8.5% 15.0% 1.5% 3.1% 4.4% 12.7% 28.3% 22.4% 2.1% 2.0%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 4 Apr 2013 – 5.6% 9.5% 0.6% 2.8% 5.6% 8.3% 40.0% 17.8% 3.5% 5.0%
MMR 8 Apr 2013 – 8.1% 12.7% 1.9% 3.6% 7.8% 9.2% 30.2% 21.2% 2.2% 3.0%
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ 10 Apr 2013 – 8.8% 12.6% 1.4% 3.0% 5.6% 10.9% 30.9% 18.9% 2.7% 5.2%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 11 Apr 2013 – 7.3% 12.2% 2.5% 3.8% 6.8% 10.1% 29.4% 21.9% – 6.0%
MMR 15 Apr 2013 – 6.7% 10.4% 3.6% 3.0% 9.0% 9.5% 32.7% 22.9% 1.0% 1.4%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 17 Apr 2013 – 7.9% 13.7% 3.0% 1.7% 5.6% 6.5% 30.3% 26.9% 0.8% 3.6%
MMR 18 Apr 2013 – 8.1% 13.5% 3.6% 2.2% 6.7% 8.3% 25.6% 27.5% 1.7% 2.6%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 18 Apr 2013 – 8.8% 15.2% 3.0% 2.6% 8.4% 8.0% 26.7% 24.1% 1.2% 2.0%
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ 19 Apr 2013 – 9.3% 12.2% 3.0% 3.3% 6.3% 7.4% 28.1% 24.4% 1.6% 4.4%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 24 Apr 2013 – 10.4% 13.3% 2.4% 2.6% 6.3% 8.1% 25.9% 23.8% 2.5% 4.7%
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ 25 Apr 2013 – 10.8% 13.6% 3.2% 2.6% 6.4% 7.3% 24.4% 24.8% 2.8% 4.1%
MMR 25 Apr 2013 – 11.6% 13.0% 2.9% 3.5% 7.5% 7.7% 22.4% 26.7% 1.3% 3.4%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 26 Apr 2013 – 10.9% 14.7% 3.0% 2.0% 6.3% 7.6% 25.4% 22.9% 2.4% 4.8%
Þjóðarpúls Gallup 26 Apr 2013 – 10.0% 14.6% 2.6% 2.8% 6.1% 6.6% 24.7% 27.9% 2.6% 2.1%
Notes:
  • The election threshold for a party to win leveling seats for the Icelandic parliament is 5.0% of the nationwide vote.
  • Prior to March 2012, Dawn was polled as The Movement.

Results Edit

The centre-right Independence party was one of the election's winners with 26.7% of the votes, regaining their position as Iceland's largest party. Two new parties entered the Althing for the first time. The green liberal Bright Future got 8.3% of the votes and The Pirate Party got 5.1% of the votes, just above the 5% threshold for leveling mandates.[4]

Voter turnout was the lowest in any general election since Iceland's independence from Denmark.[73] By 20 April, 582 people had voted using early voting.[74] This represented an increase of approximately 1,400 votes over the number of early votes cast in the 2009 election.[74] By 26 April, 24,850 people had voted.[75] Prior to the elections, it was not clear whether this meant that turnout would be increased or just that early voting had become more popular.[74][75]

 
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
Independence Party50,45526.70+3.0019+3
Progressive Party46,17324.43+9.6319+10
Social Democratic Alliance24,29412.85–16.949–11
Left-Green Movement20,54610.87–10.817–7
Bright Future15,5848.25New6New
Pirate Party9,6485.10New3New
Dawn5,8553.10New0New
Households Party5,7073.02New0New
Iceland Democratic Party4,6582.46New0New
Right-Green People's Party3,2621.73New0New
Rainbow2,0211.07New0New
Rural Party3260.17New0New
Sturla Jónsson2220.12New0New
Humanist Party1260.07New0New
People's Front of Iceland1180.06New0New
Total188,995100.00–630
Valid votes188,99597.51
Invalid/blank votes4,8272.49
Total votes193,822100.00
Registered voters/turnout237,80781.50
Source: Landskjörstjórn Election Resources

Elected MPs Edit

Government (38)
  Progressive Party (19)
  Independence Party (19)

Opposition (25)

  Social Democratic Alliance (9)
  Left-Green Movement (7)
  Bright Future (6)
  Pirate Party (3)
Members of the Althing elected on 27 April 2013
Reykjavik North Reykjavik South Southwest Northwest Northeast South

1. Illugi Gunnarsson (D)
2. Frosti Sigurjónsson (B)
3. Katrín Jakobsdóttir (V)
4. Össur Skarphéðinsson (S)
5. Brynjar Þór Níelsson (D)
6. Björt Ólafsdóttir (A)
7. Sigrún Magnúsdóttir (B)
8. Árni Þór Sigurðsson (V)
9. Birgir Ármannsson (D)

L1. Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson (Þ)
L7. Valgerður Bjarnadóttir (S)

1. Hanna B. Kristjánsdóttir (D)
2. Vigdís Hauksdóttir (B)
3. Sigríður I. Ingadóttir (S)
4. Pétur H. Blöndal (D)
5. Svandís Svavarsdóttir (V)
6. Róbert Marshall (A)
7. Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson (D)
8. Karl Garðarsson (B)
9. Helgi Hjörvar (S)

L2. Ásta Guðrún Helgadóttir (Þ)
L5. Óttarr Proppé (A)

1. Bjarni Benediktsson (D)
2. Eygló Harðardóttir (B)
3. Ragnheiður Ríkharðsdóttir (D)
4. Árni Páll Árnason (S)
5. Willum Þór Þórsson (B)
6. Jón Gunnarsson (D)
7. Guðmundur Steingrímsson (A)
8. Ögmundur Jónasson (V)
9. Vilhjálmur Bjarnason (D)
10.Þorsteinn Sæmundsson (B)
11.Katrín Júlíusdóttir (S)

L4. Birgitta Jónsdóttir (Þ)
L8. Elín Hirst (D)

1. Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson (B)
2. Einar K. Guðfinnsson (D)
3. Ásmundur Einar Daðason (B)
4. Haraldur Benediktsson (D)
5. Guðbjartur Hannesson (S)
6. Elsa Lára Arnardóttir (B)
7. Jóhanna M. Sigmundsdóttir (B)

L6. Lilja R. Magnúsdóttir (V)

1. Sigmundur D. Gunnlaugsson (B)
2. Kristján Þór Júlíusson (D)
3. Höskuldur Þór Þórhallsson (B)
4. Steingrímur J. Sigfússon (V)
5. Líneik Anna Sævarsdóttir (B)
6. Valgerður Gunnarsdóttir (D)
7. Kristján L. Möller (S)
8. Þórunn Egilsdóttir (B)
9. Bjarkey Gunnarsdóttir (V)

L3. Brynhildur Pétursdóttir (A)

1. Sigurður I. Jóhannsson (B)
2. Ragnheiður E. Árnadóttir (D)
3. Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir (B)
4. Unnur Brá Konráðsdóttir (D)
5. Páll Jóhann Pálsson (B)
6. Oddný G. Harðardóttir (S)
7. Ásmundur Friðriksson (D)
8. Haraldur Einarsson (B)
9. Vilhjálmur Árnason (D)

L9. Páll Valur Björnsson (A)

Key: D = Independence Party; B = Progressive Party; S = Social Democratic Alliance; V = Left-Green Movement; A = Bright Future; Þ = Pirate Party; L1-L9 = Leveling seats nr.1-9.
Source: Morgunblaðið[76] and Landskjörstjórn (The National Electoral Commission)[77]

For the parties having qualified with a national result above the 5% election threshold, the 9 leveling seats (L1-L9) were first distributed party-wise according to the calculation method in this particular order (where the party's total number of national votes was divided by the sum of "won seats plus 1" - with an extra leveling seat granted to the party with the highest fraction - while repeating this process until all 9 leveling seats had been determined). At the next step, these leveling seats were then by the same order distributed one by one to the relative strongest constituency of the seat winning party (while disregarding the constituencies that already ran out of vacant leveling seats). At the third step, the specific leveling seat is finally granted to the party's highest ranked runner-up candidate within the constituency, according to the same accumulated candidate vote score as being used when apportioning the constituency seats.[78]

The table below display how the leveling seats were apportioned, and the "relative constituency strength" figures for each party, which is measured for each constituency as the "party vote share" divided by "won constituency seats of the party +1". To illustrate how the selection method works, each party in a constituency being apportioned a leveling seat, have got their figure for relative strength (vote share per seat) bolded in the table, with a parenthesis noting the number of the leveling seat. Because constituencies run out of available leveling seats one by one as the calculation progress, it can sometimes happen that the constituency with the highest relative strength needs to be disregarded. In example, if there had been no restrictions to the available number of leveling seats in a constituency, then the table below would have distributed the Independence Party's L8-seat to its relative strongest Northwest Constituency with an 8.22% vote share per seat; But as the one and only leveling seat of this constituency had already been granted to the Left-Green party (who won the L6-seat), then the L8-seat instead had to be granted to a relatively weaker constituency, which to be more exact ended only being the fourth strongest constituency for the Independence Party - namely the Southwest constituency with a 6.14% vote share per seat.[78]

Candidates selected for the 9 leveling seats
(L1-L9 are first apportioned at national level to parties,
then to the relative strongest constituency of the party,
and finally given to its highest ranked runner-up candidate) 		Leveling seats
won by party 		Reykjavik North
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1) 		Reykjavik South
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1) 		Southwest
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1) 		Northwest
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1) 		Northeast
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1) 		South
(party vote share divided
by won local seats +1)
Independence Party (D) L8 5.84%
4.67%[a]		 6.70%
5.36%[a]		 6.14% (L8)
5.12%[a]		 8.22% 7.52% 5.65%
Progressive Party (B) 5.48%
4.11%[a]		 5.60%
4.20%[a]		 5.38%
4.31%[a]		 7.03% 6.92% 6.89%
Social Democratic Alliance (S) L7 7.13% (L7)
4.75%[a]		 4.73%
3.55%[a]		 4.55%
3.41%[a]		 6.11% 5.30% 5.09%
Left-Green Movement (V) L6 5.22%
3.92%[a]		 6.06%
4.04%[a]		 3.93%
2.62%[a]		 8.47% (L6) 5.27% 5.88%
Bright Future (A) L3+L5+L9 5.10%
3.40%[a]		 5.37% (L5)
3.58%[a]		 4.61%
3.07%[a]		 4.56% 6.51% (L3) 4.47% (L9)
Pirate Party (Þ) L1+L2+L4 6.87% (L1)
3.43%[a]		 6.17% (L2)
3.09%[a]		 5.00% (L4)
2.50%[a]		 3.09% 3.03% 4.72%
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Party vote share divided by "won constituency seats +2", has also been calculated for constituencies with two leveling seats (as each party in theory has a chance to win both of them).

Aftermath Edit

Following the elections, a coalition government was formed between the Progressive Party and Independence Party with Progressive Party's Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson as prime minister.[79] The Progressive Party received four ministries, and the Independence Party received five.[79]

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External links Edit

  • The Reykjavík Grapevine's Election Guide 2013 (scanned version) () (PDF version)
  • Official website for the Parliamentary elections 2013
  • Mbl.is news coverage of Parliamentary elections 2013
  • Website publishing the candidate lists for participating parties

August 29, 2023
2013, icelandic, parliamentary, election, parliamentary, elections, were, held, iceland, april, 2013, fifteen, parties, contested, elections, compared, just, seven, previous, elections, result, victory, centre, right, opposition, parties, independence, party, . Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 27 April 2013 1 Fifteen parties contested the elections compared to just seven in the previous elections 2 3 The result was a victory for the two centre right opposition parties the Independence Party and Progressive Party 4 which subsequently formed a coalition government The parties were eurosceptic and their win brought to a halt partially completed negotiations with the European Union regarding Icelandic membership 4 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election 2009 27 April 2013 2016 All 63 seats in the Althing32 seats needed for a majorityTurnout81 50 Party Leader Seats Independence Bjarni Benediktsson 26 70 19 3Progressive Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson 24 43 19 10Social Democratic Arni Pall Arnason 12 85 9 11Left Green Katrin Jakobsdottir 10 87 7 7Bright Future Gudmundur Steingrimsson 8 25 6 NewPirates Collective leadership 5 10 3 NewPrime Minister before Prime Minister after electionJohanna Sigurdardottir0 0 0 0 Social Democratic Sigmundur David GunnlaugssonProgressive Contents 1 Background 2 Incumbent parliament 3 Retiring MPs 4 Constituencies 4 1 Method for apportionment of constituency seats 4 2 Method for apportionment of leveling seats 5 Participating parties 6 European Union accession negotiations 7 Campaign 8 Opinion polls 9 Results 9 1 Elected MPs 10 Aftermath 11 References 12 External linksBackground EditThe previous elections in 2009 were won by the Social Democratic Alliance the first time that the Independence Party was not the largest party in the Althing The Social Democratic Alliance was able to form a coalition with the Left Green Movement As a result of this Johanna Sigurdardottir became the first female prime minister of Iceland as well as the first openly lesbian head of government in the world Incumbent parliament EditMain article List of members of the Parliament of Iceland Five parties were elected at the previous election held in April 2009 Since then the parliamentary representation for one of these Citizens Movement first mostly moved to The Movement and then in March 2012 to the new party Dawn One of the MPs elected for the Citizens movement THrainn Bertelsson left the parliamentary party almost immediately and then a 16 months after the 2009 election he joined the Left green movement In January 2012 the new party Solidarity was founded by an incumbent MP Lilja Mosesdottir who was elected as a member of the Left Green Movement Another new party Bright Future was formed in February 2012 with the involvement of two MPs from respectively the Progressive Party and Social Democratic Alliance One MP originally elected for Citizens Movement Birgitta Jonsdottir also participated in the establishment of a new party in 2012 namely the Pirate Party Two eurosceptic Left Green Movement MPs Jon Bjarnason and Atli Gislason also decided to defect and form the new Rainbow Movement in March 2013 The box below shows the distribution of seats in the incumbent parliament on 28 March 2013 the last working day of the parliament s term 5 Previous distribution of seats in parliament On 28 March 2013 6 Social Democratic Alliance 19Independence Party 16Left Green Movement 12 Progressive Party 8 Bright Future G Steingrimsson and R Marshall 7 8 2 Dawn THor Saari and Margret Tryggvadottir 2Rainbow Atli Gislason and Jon Bjarnason 9 2 Pirate Party Birgitta Jonsdottir 1 Solidarity Lilja Mosesdottir 1Retiring MPs EditThe following MPs decided not to run for re election 10 11 12 13 Johanna Sigurdardottir Prime Minister former chairman of the Social Democratic Alliance Asta Ragnheidur Johannesdottir Speaker of Parliament former Minister of Social Affairs Social Democratic Alliance Siv Fridleifsdottir former Minister of Health and Social Security member of the Progressive Party Birkir Jon Jonsson vice president of the Progressive Party THorgerdur Katrin Gunnarsdottir former Minister of Education Science and Culture member of the Independence Party olof Nordal vice president of the Independence Party Asbjorn ottarsson member of the Independence Party Arni Johnsen member of the Independence Party 14 THuridur Backman Deputy Speaker of Parliament since 2003 member of the Left Green Movement Gudfridur Lilja Gretarsdottir member of the Left Green Movement THrainn Bertelsson member of the Left Green Movement Lilja Mosesdottir chairman of Solidarity 15 Constituencies EditThere are six constituencies in Iceland According to the Law on Parliamentary Elections nr 24 2000 each constituency is allocated 9 seats decided by proportional voting with 9 special leveling seats either 1 or 2 per constituency depending on population size adjusting the result so that proportionality is maintained according to the overall number of votes received by a party at the national level The number of constituency seats will however be adjusted ahead of the next election if the number of residents with suffrage per available seat in the constituency increases to more than twice as many as in the last election when comparing the constituency with the highest number against the one with the lowest In that case a constituency seat will be reassigned from the constituency with the lowest number to the one with the highest until the rule is met However the total number of seats including leveling seats may never fall to less than six in any constituency 16 17 The box below shows the number of seats available in each constituency at the 2013 parliamentary election 18 Constituency Constituency seats Leveling seats Total seatsReykjavik North 9 2 11Reykjavik South 9 2 11Southwest 11 2 13Northwest 7 1 8Northeast 9 1 10South 9 1 10Total 54 9 63Method for apportionment of constituency seats Edit The available constituency seats are first distributed to each party according to the D Hondt method so that proportional representation is ensured within each of the constituencies The next step is to apportion these party distributed seats to the candidates within the party having the highest vote score after counting both direct candidate votes and their share of party votes in the constituency In Iceland the candidate vote system is that for each constituency each party provides a pre ranked list of candidates beneath each party name listed according to the preferred order decided by the party but where the voters voting for the party can alter this pre ranked order by renumbering the individual candidates and or crossing out those candidates they do not like so that such candidates will not get a share of the voter s personal vote for the party 16 19 As a restriction on the possibility of re ranking candidates it is however only possible to alter the first several candidates on the list The borderline for alterations is drawn for the first three candidates if the party only win one of the total seats in the constituency or if more than one seat is won the borderline shall be drawn at the pre ranked number equal to two times the total number of seats being won by the party in the constituency So if a party has won two seats in a constituency then the voter is only allowed to re rank the top four ranked candidates on the list with any rank altering by voters below this line simply being ignored when subsequently calculating the candidate vote shares within each party Final calculation of the candidate vote shares is always done according to the Borda method where all candidates above the previously described borderline in the ranking are granted voting fraction values according to the voters noted rank If the number of considered candidates consist of four as in the given example then the first ranked candidate is assigned a value of 1 a so called full personal vote the next one get the value 0 75 1 4 less followed likewise by 0 50 and 0 25 respectively for the two last candidates If the number of considered candidates instead had been six due to winning 3 seats then the first ranked candidate in a similar way would be assigned a value of 1 a so called full personal vote with the following five candidates receiving respectively 5 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 and 1 6 As mentioned above crossed out names will always be allocated a 0 00 value The accumulated total score of the candidates voting fractions will be used in determining which candidates receive the seats won by their party Note that candidate vote scores are not directly comparable to candidates from other parties as how many seats are being won in a constituency by a particular party will effect how their candidates receive voting fractions like in the above examples where a candidate ranked number four for a party winning two seats would receive a voting fraction of 0 25 compared to 0 50 for an equally ranked candidate belonging to a party winning 3 seats 16 19 Method for apportionment of leveling seats Edit After the initial apportionment of constituency seats all the parties that exceed the election threshold of 5 nationally will also qualify to potentially be granted the extra leveling seats which seek to adjust the result towards seat proportionality at the national level The calculation procedure for the distribution of leveling seats is first for each party having exceeded the national threshold of 5 to calculate the ratio of its total number of votes at the national level divided by the sum of one extra seat added to the number of seats the party have so far won The first leveling seat will go to the party with the highest ratio of votes per seat The same calculation process is then repeated until all 9 leveling seats have been allocated to specific parties A party s votes per seat ratio will change during this calculation process after each additional leveling seat being won The second and final step is for each party being granted a leveling seat to pin point across all constituencies which of its runner up candidates candidates that came short of winning direct election through a constituency seat should then win this additional seat This selection is made by first identifying the constituency having the strongest relative constituency vote shares for this additional seat of the party which is decided by another proportional calculation where the relative vote share for the party list in each constituency is divided with the sum of one extra seat added to the number of already won constituency seats by the party list in the constituency When this strongest constituency has been identified the leveling seat will be automatically granted to the highest placed unelected runner up candidate on the party list in this constituency who among the remaining candidates have the highest personal vote score the same figure as the one used when ranking candidates for constituency seats 16 19 The above described method is used for apportionment of all the party allocated leveling seats Note that when selecting which of a party s constituencies shall receive its apportioned leveling seat this identification may only happen in exactly the same numerical order as the leveling seats were calculated at the party level This is important because the number of available leveling seats are limited per constituency meaning that the last calculated leveling seats in all circumstances can never be granted to candidates who belong to constituencies where the available leveling seats already were granted to other parties 16 19 Participating parties EditMain article List of political parties in Iceland The final deadline for parties to apply for participation in the parliamentary election was 9 April 2013 To be approved for a list letter to participate in the election new parties were required to submit a minimum of 300 signatures from supporters in each constituency where they intended to list The participating parties also needed to submit a valid candidate list to the election committee in each of the constituencies where they intended to run comprising twice as many candidate names as the number of available seats in the constituency before 12 April 20 On 16 April the National Election Committee Icelandic Landskjorstjorn published its list of 15 approved parties with 72 candidate lists as 11 parties had opted to run in all six constituencies while 2 parties opted only to run in two constituencies and the final 2 parties were only present in one constituency 21 22 Parties with a list for all constituenciesProgressive Party B list led by Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson Independence Party D list led by Bjarni Benediktsson Social Democratic Alliance S list led by Arni Pall Arnason Bright Future A list led by Gudmundur Steingrimsson Left Green Movement V list led by Katrin Jakobsdottir Pirate Party TH list 23 collective leadership a new party fighting against copyright laws and informational restrictions founded 24 November 2012 24 Dawn T list collective leadership Iceland Democratic Party L list 25 collective leadership a new party split from Dawn founded 16 February 2013 26 27 Right Green Movement G list led by Gudmundur Franklin Jonsson Households Party I list led by Petur Gunnlaugsson new party founded 19 March 2013 as a merger of Republican Party a split from Independence Party Sovereign Union Sjalfstaedir Sjalfstaedismenn THjodarflokkurinn 3 interest groups and a group split from Solidarity 28 29 30 Rainbow J list Jon Bjarnason as spokesperson new party founded in March 2013 by former Progressive MP Bjarni Hardarson and two incumbent MPs defecting from Left Green Jon Bjarnason and Atli Gislason 31 32 33 34 Parties with a list for only some constituenciesPeople s Front of Iceland R list 25 led by Thorvaldur Thorvaldsson a new anticapitalist party founded 18 February 2013 35 36 Will only run in the two Reykjavik constituencies 22 Humanist Party H list led by Julius Valdimarsson related to the International Humanist Party Their last electoral participation was in the 1999 election 37 Will only run in the two Reykjavik constituencies 22 Rural Party M list led by Ylfa Mist Helgadottir new party founded 23 February 2013 38 39 Will only run in the Northwest constituency 22 Sturla Jonsson K list 25 led by Sturla Jonsson formerly known as Forward Moving Party but was renamed after the founder s own name on 5 April 2013 40 41 Will only run in the Reykjavik South constituency 22 Despite having a current member presence in the incumbent parliament the party Solidarity C list decided not to run for election 15 Likewise these recently established parties also decided not to participate Optimism Party E list 42 43 Christian Political Movement 6 44 45 and Liberal Democrats 6 46 While all applying party lists by the end of the day were getting approved it was clear that all those who had applied for running the election as single independent candidates were disapproved 47 According to the Icelandic constitution and election law independent candidates are not allowed to run in parliamentary elections unless they manage to join forces with other independent candidates to establish a full complete candidate list for a new group named independent candidates in the constituency they intend to run 48 Last time Iceland had a list of independent candidates approved to participate was back in the 2003 elections where Independents from the South constituency ohadir i Sudurkjordaemi was approved as a local list in the South constituency 49 European Union accession negotiations EditOn 14 January 2013 the two governing parties of Iceland the Social Democratic Alliance and Left Green Movement announced that because it was no longer possible to complete EU accession negotiations before the parliamentary elections they had decided to slow down the process and that the 6 remaining unopened chapters would not be opened until after the election However negotiations would continue for the 16 chapters already opened 50 The new party Bright Future supports the completion of negotiations 51 while two opposition parties Independence Party and Progressive Party argue that negotiations should be completely stopped 52 53 In February 2013 the national congress of both the Independence Party and Progressive Party reconfirmed their policy that further membership negotiations with the EU should be stopped and not resumed unless they are first approved by a national referendum 54 55 while the national congresses of the Social Democratic Alliance Bright Future and Left Green Movement reiterated their support for the completion of EU accession negotiations 56 On 19 March 2013 THorgerdur Katrin Gunnarsdottir an Independence Party MP put forward a motion in the Althing calling for a referendum asking the Icelandic public whether EU accession negotiations should continue She proposed that the referendum be held during the upcoming parliamentary election in April if possible or else during local elections in the spring of 2014 57 In response to THorgerdur and other proponents of EU integration within the Independence Party Bjarni Benediktsson the leader of the party reiterated the party s policy of stopping negotiations with the EU but promised to hold a referendum on continuing the negotiations in the first half of their term if they form government 58 59 60 Campaign EditThe list below gives a short summary of significant events in the electoral campaign of each participating party Independence Party On 11 April 2013 Chairman of the Independence Party Bjarni Benediktsson said he might step down as party chairman before the upcoming elections according to an interview on RUV 61 62 This came following recent opinion polls which showed the party performing worse than their historically bad 2009 result 62 63 and a MMR survey which showed the party s popularity would increase with Vice Chairwoman and former Mayor of Reykjavik Hanna Birna Kristjansdottir as leader 62 However the following day the party s youth wing Young Independents declared their full support for Bjarni and on 13 April he announced he would continue on as leader stating the party s decline in polls was not something that could be changed so easily 64 Bright Future The chairman s grandmother announced on 9 March her shift away from a lifelong political support for the Progressive Party and now will stand as a 104 year old candidate for Bright Future in the Reykjavik North constituency albeit as the last 22nd name of the list with a low chance for election and thus hoped to signal the party does not only represent a new generation but also older generations 65 Iceland Democratic Party On 25 April 2013 the central committee of Iceland Democratic Party sent a letter to Dawn requesting they cooperate in the election given that both parties were polling below the 5 threshold for leveling seats and were unlikely to gain constituency seats 66 The letter proposed they send a joint letter to the National Election Committee requesting that their votes be counted together as one party 66 Dawn refused the offer the next morning saying the deadline for a joint candidacy had expired on 12 April and there would be doubt as to the legitimacy of their cooperating at that point 66 The two parties had considered cooperating prior to the 12 April deadline but discussions were unsuccessful 66 Right Green Movement The Right Green Movement came under scandal when it was revealed that party chairman Gudmundur Franklin Jonsson didn t pay taxes in Iceland 67 and also didn t have residency in Iceland making him ineligible to run for parliament 68 Rainbow On 16 March 2013 Thorstein Bergsson previously a candidate for the Left Green Movement announced he was leaving the party and joining Rainbow saying he was disappointed by the party s position on the EU 69 The party subsequently announced Thorstein would have the number two spot on the party s list in the Northeast constituency 69 Opinion polls Edit Graph of polls from January 2012 Stars stand for national surveys when many surveys were taken within a four day period the average is taken and the line follows the average Independence Progressive Bright Future Social Democratic Left Green Right Green Dawn Pirate Party Solidarity The Movement OtherInstitute Release date C V S T L TH A B D G Others2009 result 29 Apr 2009 n a 21 7 29 8 n a n a n a n a 14 8 23 7 n a 2 8 THjodarpuls Gallup 31 Jan 2012 13 7 21 8 3 4 15 4 36 1 9 5 Frettabladid Stod 2 permanent dead link 9 Feb 2012 21 3 8 0 12 3 1 7 6 1 12 5 35 0 0 9 1 2 THjodarpuls Gallup 29 Feb 2012 11 3 12 0 18 7 2 7 4 3 13 0 33 3 4 7 MMR 18 Mar 2012 9 1 11 3 18 3 2 6 4 3 13 2 37 3 3 9 THjodarpuls Gallup 29 Mar 2012 8 9 11 2 17 5 1 9 4 7 13 0 38 2 4 6 Frettabladid Stod 2 permanent dead link 12 Apr 2012 6 0 8 6 14 8 2 1 7 2 14 6 42 6 2 3 0 9 MMR 17 Apr 2012 4 5 13 2 14 6 2 1 8 1 14 5 39 0 3 9 THjodarpuls Gallup 26 Apr 2012 6 9 11 5 18 7 5 4 5 6 12 5 37 0 2 4 MMR 15 May 2012 3 1 14 1 17 7 2 6 7 6 12 8 38 5 3 6 Frettabladid Stod 2 permanent dead link 24 May 2012 5 1 9 2 13 6 2 7 5 3 15 8 43 7 3 9 THjodarpuls Gallup 31 May 2012 5 6 10 4 17 7 5 4 4 0 12 9 39 3 4 6 MMR 19 Jun 2012 4 4 13 3 16 4 3 1 4 6 17 5 36 4 4 3 THjodarpuls Gallup 28 Jun 2012 4 7 11 9 18 8 4 3 4 3 12 7 38 2 3 6 1 6 MMR 16 Jul 2012 2 5 11 4 16 9 3 9 4 1 17 0 38 5 5 7 THjodarpuls Gallup 29 Jul 2012 2 7 12 2 21 0 4 1 5 2 12 4 36 9 3 1 2 5 THjodarpuls Gallup 31 Aug 2012 3 0 13 3 20 7 3 7 4 5 13 8 36 0 3 0 2 0 MMR 6 Sep 2012 1 7 12 9 19 3 1 4 5 9 13 3 40 6 4 8 MMR 20 Sep 2012 1 0 15 8 17 7 2 6 6 8 17 0 34 9 4 1 THjodarpuls Gallup 27 Sep 2012 2 4 12 4 19 4 3 6 4 9 14 2 37 1 4 4 1 7 MMR 12 Oct 2012 3 1 13 9 21 2 2 1 8 8 11 2 35 3 2 1 1 9 THjodarpuls Gallup 31 Oct 2012 1 9 11 7 22 1 3 8 6 9 12 1 36 2 3 8 1 7 MMR 13 Nov 2012 2 3 11 3 18 6 2 4 10 8 12 0 37 7 3 1 1 8 THjodarpuls Gallup 29 Nov 2012 1 7 10 6 22 5 3 8 8 1 12 7 35 9 3 3 1 7 MMR 11 Dec 2012 1 9 11 2 17 4 3 1 11 5 13 6 37 4 2 0 2 0 THjodarpuls Gallup 28 Dec 2012 1 3 9 1 19 1 3 0 2 5 12 3 13 1 36 3 2 6 0 4 Frettabladid Stod 2 17 Jan 2013 0 6 7 3 19 2 1 9 1 0 14 4 11 9 40 7 1 9 1 0 Plusinn 70 20 Jan 2013 1 0 5 0 19 9 2 0 1 0 14 1 12 5 40 6 3 0 0 1 MMR 20 Jan 2012 1 4 8 6 17 3 2 2 17 6 14 8 34 5 2 0 1 5 THjodarpuls Gallup 31 Jan 2013 1 0 7 9 15 6 2 1 2 1 18 6 14 2 35 5 2 5 0 4 Frettabladid Stod 2 31 Jan 2013 11 4 11 9 1 5 0 9 16 4 20 8 32 0 4 3 0 2 Plusinn 71 3 Feb 2013 3 0 5 7 14 4 2 0 2 0 14 0 18 4 32 7 6 0 1 0 MMR 6 Feb 2013 0 7 8 6 16 2 0 9 17 8 19 5 33 0 1 8 1 4 MMR 26 Feb 2013 9 5 12 8 2 2 2 4 15 3 23 8 28 5 2 5 3 0 THjodarpuls Gallup 28 Feb 2013 7 4 15 4 1 3 2 3 16 2 22 1 29 7 3 2 Frettabladid Stod 2 1 Mar 2013 11 8 12 8 2 0 2 6 1 5 8 7 26 1 29 0 2 6 2 3 Felagsvisindastofnun HI 72 4 Mar 2013 9 9 16 1 0 9 3 7 1 8 12 0 22 4 29 4 2 3 1 4 MMR 14 Mar 2013 9 6 12 4 1 9 3 6 15 2 25 9 27 2 2 1 2 0 THjodarpuls Gallup 15 Mar 2013 8 9 14 0 0 7 3 3 3 8 13 2 25 5 26 8 2 8 1 0 Frettabladid Stod 2 16 Mar 2013 7 1 13 8 1 6 1 4 1 8 9 1 31 9 27 6 2 4 2 0 Felagsvisindastofnun HI 72 26 Mar 2013 8 0 12 8 1 4 2 6 3 3 11 4 28 5 26 1 2 1 3 0 MMR 27 Mar 2013 8 7 12 5 1 7 1 7 3 9 12 0 29 5 24 4 2 5 3 2 THjodarpuls Gallup 1 Apr 2013 8 5 15 0 1 5 3 1 4 4 12 7 28 3 22 4 2 1 2 0 Frettabladid Stod 2 4 Apr 2013 5 6 9 5 0 6 2 8 5 6 8 3 40 0 17 8 3 5 5 0 MMR 8 Apr 2013 8 1 12 7 1 9 3 6 7 8 9 2 30 2 21 2 2 2 3 0 Felagsvisindastofnun HI 10 Apr 2013 8 8 12 6 1 4 3 0 5 6 10 9 30 9 18 9 2 7 5 2 THjodarpuls Gallup 11 Apr 2013 7 3 12 2 2 5 3 8 6 8 10 1 29 4 21 9 6 0 MMR 15 Apr 2013 6 7 10 4 3 6 3 0 9 0 9 5 32 7 22 9 1 0 1 4 Frettabladid Stod 2 17 Apr 2013 7 9 13 7 3 0 1 7 5 6 6 5 30 3 26 9 0 8 3 6 MMR 18 Apr 2013 8 1 13 5 3 6 2 2 6 7 8 3 25 6 27 5 1 7 2 6 THjodarpuls Gallup 18 Apr 2013 8 8 15 2 3 0 2 6 8 4 8 0 26 7 24 1 1 2 2 0 Felagsvisindastofnun HI 19 Apr 2013 9 3 12 2 3 0 3 3 6 3 7 4 28 1 24 4 1 6 4 4 Frettabladid Stod 2 24 Apr 2013 10 4 13 3 2 4 2 6 6 3 8 1 25 9 23 8 2 5 4 7 Felagsvisindastofnun HI 25 Apr 2013 10 8 13 6 3 2 2 6 6 4 7 3 24 4 24 8 2 8 4 1 MMR 25 Apr 2013 11 6 13 0 2 9 3 5 7 5 7 7 22 4 26 7 1 3 3 4 Frettabladid Stod 2 26 Apr 2013 10 9 14 7 3 0 2 0 6 3 7 6 25 4 22 9 2 4 4 8 THjodarpuls Gallup 26 Apr 2013 10 0 14 6 2 6 2 8 6 1 6 6 24 7 27 9 2 6 2 1 Notes The election threshold for a party to win leveling seats for the Icelandic parliament is 5 0 of the nationwide vote Prior to March 2012 Dawn was polled as The Movement Results EditThe centre right Independence party was one of the election s winners with 26 7 of the votes regaining their position as Iceland s largest party Two new parties entered the Althing for the first time The green liberal Bright Future got 8 3 of the votes and The Pirate Party got 5 1 of the votes just above the 5 threshold for leveling mandates 4 Voter turnout was the lowest in any general election since Iceland s independence from Denmark 73 By 20 April 582 people had voted using early voting 74 This represented an increase of approximately 1 400 votes over the number of early votes cast in the 2009 election 74 By 26 April 24 850 people had voted 75 Prior to the elections it was not clear whether this meant that turnout would be increased or just that early voting had become more popular 74 75 PartyVotes Seats Independence Party50 45526 70 3 0019 3Progressive Party46 17324 43 9 6319 10Social Democratic Alliance24 29412 85 16 949 11Left Green Movement20 54610 87 10 817 7Bright Future15 5848 25New6NewPirate Party9 6485 10New3NewDawn5 8553 10New0NewHouseholds Party5 7073 02New0NewIceland Democratic Party4 6582 46New0NewRight Green People s Party3 2621 73New0NewRainbow2 0211 07New0NewRural Party3260 17New0NewSturla Jonsson2220 12New0NewHumanist Party1260 07New0NewPeople s Front of Iceland1180 06New0NewTotal188 995100 00 630Valid votes188 99597 51Invalid blank votes4 8272 49Total votes193 822100 00Registered voters turnout237 80781 50Source Landskjorstjorn Election ResourcesElected MPs Edit Government 38 Progressive Party 19 Independence Party 19 Opposition 25 Social Democratic Alliance 9 Left Green Movement 7 Bright Future 6 Pirate Party 3 Members of the Althing elected on 27 April 2013 Reykjavik North Reykjavik South Southwest Northwest Northeast South1 Illugi Gunnarsson D 2 Frosti Sigurjonsson B 3 Katrin Jakobsdottir V 4 Ossur Skarphedinsson S 5 Brynjar THor Nielsson D 6 Bjort olafsdottir A 7 Sigrun Magnusdottir B 8 Arni THor Sigurdsson V 9 Birgir Armannsson D L1 Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson TH L7 Valgerdur Bjarnadottir S 1 Hanna B Kristjansdottir D 2 Vigdis Hauksdottir B 3 Sigridur I Ingadottir S 4 Petur H Blondal D 5 Svandis Svavarsdottir V 6 Robert Marshall A 7 Gudlaugur THor THordarson D 8 Karl Gardarsson B 9 Helgi Hjorvar S L2 Asta Gudrun Helgadottir TH L5 ottarr Proppe A 1 Bjarni Benediktsson D 2 Eyglo Hardardottir B 3 Ragnheidur Rikhardsdottir D 4 Arni Pall Arnason S 5 Willum THor THorsson B 6 Jon Gunnarsson D 7 Gudmundur Steingrimsson A 8 Ogmundur Jonasson V 9 Vilhjalmur Bjarnason D 10 THorsteinn Saemundsson B 11 Katrin Juliusdottir S L4 Birgitta Jonsdottir TH L8 Elin Hirst D 1 Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson B 2 Einar K Gudfinnsson D 3 Asmundur Einar Dadason B 4 Haraldur Benediktsson D 5 Gudbjartur Hannesson S 6 Elsa Lara Arnardottir B 7 Johanna M Sigmundsdottir B L6 Lilja R Magnusdottir V 1 Sigmundur D Gunnlaugsson B 2 Kristjan THor Juliusson D 3 Hoskuldur THor THorhallsson B 4 Steingrimur J Sigfusson V 5 Lineik Anna Saevarsdottir B 6 Valgerdur Gunnarsdottir D 7 Kristjan L Moller S 8 THorunn Egilsdottir B 9 Bjarkey Gunnarsdottir V L3 Brynhildur Petursdottir A 1 Sigurdur I Johannsson B 2 Ragnheidur E Arnadottir D 3 Silja Dogg Gunnarsdottir B 4 Unnur Bra Konradsdottir D 5 Pall Johann Palsson B 6 Oddny G Hardardottir S 7 Asmundur Fridriksson D 8 Haraldur Einarsson B 9 Vilhjalmur Arnason D L9 Pall Valur Bjornsson A Key D Independence Party B Progressive Party S Social Democratic Alliance V Left Green Movement A Bright Future TH Pirate Party L1 L9 Leveling seats nr 1 9 Source Morgunbladid 76 and Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission 77 For the parties having qualified with a national result above the 5 election threshold the 9 leveling seats L1 L9 were first distributed party wise according to the calculation method in this particular order where the party s total number of national votes was divided by the sum of won seats plus 1 with an extra leveling seat granted to the party with the highest fraction while repeating this process until all 9 leveling seats had been determined At the next step these leveling seats were then by the same order distributed one by one to the relative strongest constituency of the seat winning party while disregarding the constituencies that already ran out of vacant leveling seats At the third step the specific leveling seat is finally granted to the party s highest ranked runner up candidate within the constituency according to the same accumulated candidate vote score as being used when apportioning the constituency seats 78 The table below display how the leveling seats were apportioned and the relative constituency strength figures for each party which is measured for each constituency as the party vote share divided by won constituency seats of the party 1 To illustrate how the selection method works each party in a constituency being apportioned a leveling seat have got their figure for relative strength vote share per seat bolded in the table with a parenthesis noting the number of the leveling seat Because constituencies run out of available leveling seats one by one as the calculation progress it can sometimes happen that the constituency with the highest relative strength needs to be disregarded In example if there had been no restrictions to the available number of leveling seats in a constituency then the table below would have distributed the Independence Party s L8 seat to its relative strongest Northwest Constituency with an 8 22 vote share per seat But as the one and only leveling seat of this constituency had already been granted to the Left Green party who won the L6 seat then the L8 seat instead had to be granted to a relatively weaker constituency which to be more exact ended only being the fourth strongest constituency for the Independence Party namely the Southwest constituency with a 6 14 vote share per seat 78 Candidates selected for the 9 leveling seats L1 L9 are first apportioned at national level to parties then to the relative strongest constituency of the party and finally given to its highest ranked runner up candidate Leveling seatswon by party Reykjavik North party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 Reykjavik South party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 Southwest party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 Northwest party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 Northeast party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 South party vote share dividedby won local seats 1 Independence Party D L8 5 84 4 67 a 6 70 5 36 a 6 14 L8 5 12 a 8 22 7 52 5 65 Progressive Party B 5 48 4 11 a 5 60 4 20 a 5 38 4 31 a 7 03 6 92 6 89 Social Democratic Alliance S L7 7 13 L7 4 75 a 4 73 3 55 a 4 55 3 41 a 6 11 5 30 5 09 Left Green Movement V L6 5 22 3 92 a 6 06 4 04 a 3 93 2 62 a 8 47 L6 5 27 5 88 Bright Future A L3 L5 L9 5 10 3 40 a 5 37 L5 3 58 a 4 61 3 07 a 4 56 6 51 L3 4 47 L9 Pirate Party TH L1 L2 L4 6 87 L1 3 43 a 6 17 L2 3 09 a 5 00 L4 2 50 a 3 09 3 03 4 72 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Party vote share divided by won constituency seats 2 has also been calculated for constituencies with two leveling seats as each party in theory has a chance to win both of them Aftermath EditFollowing the elections a coalition government was formed between the Progressive Party and Independence Party with Progressive Party s Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson as prime minister 79 The Progressive Party received four ministries and the Independence Party received five 79 References Edit Iceland Won t Finish EU Talks Before Next Parliament Election Businessweek 26 March 2012 Archived from the original on 18 January 2013 Retrieved 26 December 2012 Stamps use up almost half the alphabet RUV in Icelandic 17 April 2013 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 17 April 2013 Fifteen parties in election Morgunbladid in Icelandic 16 April 2013 Archived from the original on 21 April 2013 Retrieved 17 April 2013 a b c Iceland vote Centre right opposition wins election Archived 8 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC 28 April 2013 Statistics on the 141 session which was suspended on 28 March to the end of the electoral term 27 April in Icelandic Althingi 8 April 2013 Archived from the original on 15 May 2013 Retrieved 12 April 2013 a b c General elections 2013 News in Icelandic Althingi Archived from the original on 23 April 2013 Retrieved 13 January 2012 self published source Ursognin kom felogum a ovart Withdrawal came as a surprise in Icelandic Mbl is 12 October 2012 Archived from the original on 6 September 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2013 Robert Marshall first and Ottarr Proppe second in Icelandic Mbl is 17 December 2012 Archived from the original on 6 September 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2013 VG betrayed policy in Icelandic Mbl is 24 January 2013 Archived from the original on 6 September 2020 Retrieved 5 February 2013 THuridur Backman not seeking re election in Icelandic RUV 11 September 2012 Archived from the original on 14 September 2012 Retrieved 5 February 2013 Birkir Jon haettir a thingi in Icelandic Mbl is 22 September 2012 Archived from the original on 24 November 2012 Retrieved 4 February 2013 Reyndar konur haetta a thingi in Icelandic Ruv is 28 September 2012 Archived from the original on 14 October 2012 Retrieved 4 February 2013 Seven Women to Leave Icelandic Parliament Iceland review online 6 November 2012 Archived from the original on 4 December 2013 Retrieved 10 February 2013 Twelve MPs quit parliament today Ruv is 27 March 2013 Archived from the original on 30 March 2013 Retrieved 8 April 2013 a b Solidarity is not broken in Icelandic Mbl is 9 February 2013 Archived from the original on 11 February 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2013 a b c d e Apportionment of Seats to Althingi the Icelandic Parliament Analysis of the Elections 2003 2007 2009 PDF The National Electoral Commission of Iceland April 2010 Archived PDF from the original on 5 September 2022 Retrieved 13 April 2013 Law on Parliamentary Elections nr 24 2000 in Icelandic Althingi 19 May 2000 Archived from the original on 16 January 2013 Retrieved 4 February 2013 Announcements The division of seats among constituencies in the general election 2013 in Icelandic Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission 2013 Archived from the original on 12 October 2013 Retrieved 8 April 2013 a b c d The calculation of the allocation of parliamentary seats according to results of elections to Parliament 25th April 2009 PDF in Icelandic Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission 8 January 2010 Archived PDF from the original on 20 December 2013 Retrieved 8 April 2013 Availability Instructions for availability in Icelandic Kosningavefur Innanrikisraduneytid 29 January 2013 Archived from the original on 11 February 2009 Retrieved 29 January 2013 Announcements Notice of lists that will participate in the parliamentary election on 27 April 2013 in Icelandic Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission 16 April 2013 Archived from the original on 18 October 2014 Retrieved 19 April 2013 a b c d e Announcement by the National Electoral Commission about available political parties in the parliamentary elections 27 April 2013 PDF in Icelandic Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission 16 April 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 18 October 2014 Retrieved 19 April 2013 Pirates get list letter TH in Icelandic Mbl is 20 February 2013 Archived from the original on 24 February 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 Pirate Party hold an establishment meeting in Icelandic Mbl is 24 November 2012 Archived from the original on 17 March 2013 Retrieved 19 March 2013 a b c Five new list letters in Icelandic Innanrikisraduneytid Ministry of Interior 8 March 2013 Archived from the original on 3 April 2016 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Constitutional Council men establish the new party Democracy Watch in Icelandic Mbl is 15 February 2013 Archived from the original on 9 September 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2013 Democracy Watch formally established in Icelandic Mbl is 18 February 2013 Archived from the original on 9 September 2017 Retrieved 25 February 2013 Create a party to work with Progressive Party in Icelandic Mbl is 10 March 2013 Archived from the original on 14 March 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Households Party founded in Icelandic Mbl is 19 March 2013 Archived from the original on 27 March 2013 Retrieved 22 March 2013 Eight organizations stand behind the Households Party in Icelandic Mbl is 1 April 2013 Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 Retrieved 6 April 2013 Atla Gislason and Bjarni Hardarson prepare to run the election with a new party in Icelandic Mbl is 10 March 2013 Archived from the original on 15 March 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Blog of Bjarni Hardarson Archived from the original on 16 March 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Thorstein Bergsson leading the Rainbow candidate list in Northeast in Icelandic Smugan 16 March 2013 Archived from the original on 13 April 2013 Retrieved 19 March 2013 Bjarni Hardarson leads the list in the South constituency in Icelandic Mbl is 26 March 2013 Archived from the original on 27 March 2013 Retrieved 26 March 2013 People s Front participates in the election throughout the country in Icelandic Mbl is 13 March 2013 Archived from the original on 1 October 2021 Retrieved 18 March 2013 Capitalist class shall not be allowed to exploit people in Icelandic Ruv is 13 March 2013 Archived from the original on 19 August 2018 Retrieved 18 March 2013 Humanist Party seeks collaboration partners in Icelandic Ruv is 15 March 2013 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 18 March 2013 Will establish a Provincial Party in Icelandic Mbl is 20 February 2013 Archived from the original on 22 February 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 Provincial Party founded today in Icelandic Mbl is 23 February 2013 Archived from the original on 25 February 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 Election campaign center in old workshop in Icelandic Ruv is 19 March 2013 Archived from the original on 22 March 2013 Retrieved 22 March 2013 The party is called Sturla Jonsson in Icelandic Mbl is 5 April 2013 Archived from the original on 7 April 2013 Retrieved 6 April 2013 Uncertainty about participation of Optimism Party in the election in Icelandic Mbl is 25 January 2013 Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 17 February 2013 One new list character granted in Icelandic Ministry of Interior 27 March 2013 Archived from the original on 13 March 2016 Retrieved 6 April 2013 The Christian s Political Party has been founded in Icelandic Christian Political Movement blog 9 March 2007 Archived from the original on 19 October 2014 Retrieved 17 February 2013 Snorri in Bethel joined the Christian Political Movement planning to run in the elections DV in Icelandic 11 January 2013 Archived from the original on 18 January 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 Lydur Arnason leads list of Democracy Watch in Southwest constituency in Icelandic Ruv is 24 March 2013 Archived from the original on 30 March 2013 Retrieved 24 March 2013 The National Election Commission approved candidates in Icelandic Ruv is 16 April 2013 Archived from the original on 19 April 2013 Retrieved 16 April 2013 Plans for 72 candidate lists in elections in Icelandic Ruv is 14 April 2013 Archived from the original on 17 April 2013 Retrieved 15 April 2013 Independent list in South in Icelandic Mbl is 2 April 2003 Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 15 April 2013 BREAKING NEWS Iceland to Slow Down EU Talks Iceland Review 14 January 2013 Archived from the original on 24 October 2013 Retrieved 14 January 2013 Ready to proceed in Icelandic MBL is 14 January 2013 Archived from the original on 18 February 2013 Retrieved 15 January 2013 Proposal for Withdrawal of Iceland s application for EU membership issue 96 document 96 session 141 in Icelandic 14 September 2012 Archived from the original on 20 October 2013 Retrieved 26 December 2012 Vidraedurnar vid ESB verdi settar a is Archived 26 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine MBL is Icelandic interests best served outside EU in Icelandic Mbl is 9 February 2013 Archived from the original on 26 September 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2013 Better off outside EU in Icelandic Mbl is 23 February 2013 Archived from the original on 26 September 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 EU Resolutions at main parties national congresses point each in different directions in Icelandic Mbl is 25 February 2013 Archived from the original on 26 September 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 THorgerdur Katrin vill thjodaratkvaedagreidslu um ESB adildarvidraedur samhlida thingkosningum 27 19 March 2013 Archived from the original on 24 May 2014 Retrieved 26 March 2013 Bjarni opnar a Evropumalin Skattaleidin hefur hvergi nokkurstadar aldrei nokkurn timann verid leidin utur kreppu 24 March 2013 Archived from the original on 30 May 2013 Retrieved 26 March 2013 Utilokar ekki tillogu THorgerdar 23 March 2013 Archived from the original on 2 October 2013 Retrieved 28 March 2013 THetta sidasta flipp flopp breytir engu um ad landsfundur flokksins lokadi ollum dyrum til Evropu 25 March 2013 Archived from the original on 29 May 2013 Retrieved 28 March 2013 Bjarni will make decision in 1 2 days in Icelandic RUV 11 April 2013 Archived from the original on 14 April 2013 Retrieved 12 April 2013 a b c Bjarni Benediktsson Might Step Down Archived 16 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Reykjavik Grapevine 12 April 2013 Newest Political Polls Showing Some Ups And Downs Archived 7 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Reykjavik Grapevine 9 April 2013 Bjarni will remain chairman in Icelandic RUV 13 April 2013 Archived from the original on 15 April 2013 Retrieved 15 April 2013 The oldest candidate at 103 years in Icelandic Mbl is 9 March 2013 Archived from the original on 11 March 2013 Retrieved 11 March 2013 a b c d Dawn reject cooperation with Iceland Democratic Party in Icelandic DV 26 April 2013 Retrieved 26 April 2013 dead link Right Green Chairman Doesn t Pay Taxes in Iceland Archived 8 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Reykjavik Grapevine 5 April 2013 Right Green Chairman Not Eligible To Run Archived 7 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Reykjavik Grapevine 4 April 2013 a b Thorstein Bergsson leaves VG in Icelandic RUV 16 March 2013 Archived from the original on 19 March 2013 Retrieved 15 April 2013 Utvarpsthatturinn Sprengisandur a Bylgjunni 20 januar 2013 Utvarpsthatturinn Sprengisandur a Bylgjunni 3 februar 2013 a b Fylgid a mikilli hreyfingu a milli flokkanna Morgunbladid bls 20 21 28 mars 2013 Arvakur hf Balazs Koranyi and Robert Robertson Iceland set for coalition talks after government ousted Archived 27 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Reuters 28 April 2013 a b c Nearly 10 000 have voted in Icelandic RUV 20 April 2013 Archived from the original on 24 April 2013 Retrieved 20 April 2013 a b Voting this morning in Icelandic RUV 26 April 2013 Archived from the original on 19 October 2014 Retrieved 26 April 2013 Kosningar mbl is 28 April 2013 archived from the original on 19 January 2021 retrieved 28 April 2013 in Icelandic The calculation of the allocation of parliamentary seats according to results of elections to Parliament 27th April 2013 PDF Landskjorstjorn The National Electoral Commission Archived PDF from the original on 18 May 2021 Retrieved 19 July 2021 in Icelandic a b The distribution of compensatory seats mbl is 28 April 2013 archived from the original on 30 April 2013 retrieved 28 April 2013 in Icelandic a b New Government Divvies Up The Ministries The Reykjavik Grapevine 22 May 2013 Archived from the original on 15 September 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2013 External links EditThe Reykjavik Grapevine s Election Guide 2013 scanned version Html version PDF version Official website for the Parliamentary elections 2013 Mbl is news coverage of Parliamentary elections 2013 Ruv is news coverage of Parliamentary elections 2013 Website publishing the candidate lists for participating parties Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election amp oldid 1169877436, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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