Ibn al-Abbār (ابن الأبار), he was HāfiẓAbū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abū Bakr al-Qudā'ī al-Balansī (أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن القضاعي البلنسي)[2] (1199–1260) a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes,[1] well-known poet, diplomat, jurist and hadith scholar from al-Andalus and perhaps the most famous man of letters produced by the city of Valencia ('Balansiya') during the Middle Ages.[3]
Ibn al-Abbār's family, who were of Yemeni Arab ("al-Qudā'ī") ancestry, had lived for generations in the village of Onda. As an only son, his father, a scholar, a faqīh (jurist) and a poet, gave him the best education. He was taught by famous scholars of the time, such as Abū l-Rabi 'ibn al-Sālim, and cultivated in jurisprudence and poetry. He also travelled through al-Andalus. In 1222, while in Badajoz, he learned of his father's death; he returned to Valencia, became secretary (kātib) to the governor Abū Zayd and married. In 1229 a revolt against the Almohades forced Abū Zayd to flee the city; accompanied by his secretary, the governor took refuge with king James I of Aragon. When his patron converted to Christianity, Ibn al-Abbār abandoned him and returned to Valencia in 1231 to become vizier to the new ruler, Abū Jamil ibn Zayyan ibn Mardanish, whom he knew from an earlier period. Also around 1235, he was qadi (judge) for a time at Dénia. In 1236 Cordova fell to Ferdinand III of Castile and in 1237 James I of Aragon defeated Ibn Mardanish at the Battle of the Puig; the siege of Valencia began soon after. Abu Jamil sent Ibn al-Abbār to seek help from Abū Zakariyā Yaḥyā, the Hafsid sultan of Tunis. The ambassador declaimed before the Sultan a famous "qasīda" celebrating "al-Andalus" and deploring his tragic situation. Abū Zakariyā sent a fleet of twelve ships, which failed however to reach the blockaded port of Valencia, and was forced to anchor at Dénia. Subsequently, Ibn al-Abbār was charged by the emir with negotiating the surrender of Valencia, which was signed on September 29, 1238. The two fled to Dénia and Murcia, and in 1240 Ibn al-Abbār emigrated permanently to Tunis.
He was once again welcomed by Abū Zakariyā, and appointed head of his chancery and his panegyrist. But with a shady character, and enemies at court (notably the vizier Ibn Abul Husayn), he was replaced and exiled to Béjaïa in 1248. Although Abū Zakariyā before his death in 1249 had forgiven and recalled him, and he became counsellor to Abū Zakariyā's successor, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, ibn al-Abbār was again banished to Bejaia in 1252. After the fall of the Abbāsid Caliphate of Baghdad (1258), Muhammad I al-Mustansir had proclaimed himself caliph (and was recognized as such in Mecca and Medina). In 1259, Ibn al-Abbār was again forgiven and recalled to Tunis. Soon after he was arrested, it seems, either for conspiracy or satire, and sentenced to be burnt at the stake. The details are unknown but a poem found and believed to have been by him, contained the following verse: "In Tunis reigns a tyrant who is foolishly called caliph." He was put to death by order of al-Mustansir, the ruler of Tunis, on 6 January 1260, and his body along with his books were burned. An account of this is given by Ibn Khaldūn in his History of the Berbers (Kitāb al-ʻIbar).[1]
Worksedit
Of the forty-five books by Ibn al-Abbār, eight survive:
Kitāb al-Takmila li Kitāb al-ṣila (كتاب التكملة لالكتاب الصلىة);[4]at-Takmila ('Supplement') to the Ta'rīkh' Ulamā 'al-Andalus ('History of the scholars of Andalusia') of Ibn al-Faradi (962-1013), to which Ibn Bashkuwāl (1101-1183) had written a sequel history Ṣila fī ta'rīkh a'immat al-Andalus. The bio-bibliographic repertoire was a particularly flourishing literary genre in Muslim Spain when ibn al-Abbār's Valencian master Abū l-Rabi 'ibn al-Sālim prompted him to complete the two works of the previous generation. He began working on “The Supplement” in 1233 at Valencia, and finally completed it in Tunis. It lists (in alphabetical order) more than three thousand personages in the literary and cultural history of Muslim Spain. In the introduction, the author makes clear his concern about the threats to his homeland and his desire to save some of his intellectual heritage for posterity.
At-Takmila; published in several incomplete editions from different manuscripts:
Complementum Libri as-Sila, ed., Francisco Codera Zaidin, Madrid, Biblioteca Arabo-Hispana, 2 vols., nos. V-VI, 1888–89); 2152. biographies from the Escurial copy, and 600 from Algiers MS; begins with the letter ج (ğīm).
Miscelaneas de estudios y textos árabes, eds., Maximiliano Alarcón and Cándido Ángel González Palencia, Madrid, 1915, pp. 147–690); an appendix to previous, from a manuscript of Cairo, with biographies nos., 2150 - 2892.
Takmila from Fez MS, ed., Alfred Bel and Mohamed Bencheneb (Algiers, 1920); 652 biographies of the first five letters from the letter alif .
Takmila from Cairo MS, ed., 'Abd al-'Aṭṭār al-Ḥusayni (2 vols., Baghdad and Cairo, 1956), begins with the letter alif, comprising 2188 biographies.
Kitāb al-ḥulla al-siyarā ('Book of the embroidered tunic'), finished at Béjaïa in 1248/49, compendium of the poetic-literary field.
Tuḥfat al-qādim (تحفة القادم), 'Newcomer's gift'; life and works of the Andalusian poets of his time.
I'tāb al-kuttāb, a short collection of stories of disgraced and rehabilitated officials, written during his exile at Béjaïa.
Al-‘Arba’ūn (الأربعون), ‘The Forty (traditions)’; See (لأربعون حديثًا).
Durar al-simṭ fī khabar al-sibṭ (درر السِّمط في خبر السِّبط), ‘Pearl necklace on the reports of the grandson’; written during his second stay at Béjaïa, a religious work of Shiite leanings defending the persecuted lineage of 'Ali.
Ya’nī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī (يعني الحسين بن علي) ‘meaning Husayn ibn Ali’.
Bibliographyedit
Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1843). Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary (tr. Wafayāt al-A‘yān wa-al-Anbā Abnā’ al-Zamān). Vol. ii. Translated by McGuckin de Slane, William. London: W.H. Allen. p. 424, n.3.
Bel, Alfred; Bencheneb, Mohamed (1918). "The preface of Ibn al-Abbar to his" Takmila as-sila". African Review (294). Paris: 306–335.
Ghedira, Ameur (1957). "An unpublished treatise of Ibn al-Abbar with Shia tendency". Al-Andalus. 22. Madrid-Granada: 30–54.
Meouak, Mohamed (1985). "Ibn al-Abbār's "Takmilla": notes and observations about his editions". Journal of the Muslim West and the Mediterranean. 40: 143–146.
Ibn al-Abbar, politic i escriptor Arab valencia (1199–1260): Actes del Congres Internacional "Ibn Al-Abbar i el seu temps," Onda, 20-22 febrer, 1989 by Mikel Epalza, Jesus Huguet (review Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 112, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1992), pp. 313–314)
"Ibn al-Abbar, politic i escriptor derab valencià (1199-1260)". proceedings of the international congress "Ibn al-Abbar i el seu temps (in Spanish). Valencia: Generalitat Valenciana. 1990.
^Djomaa Cheikha, "El valor documental del "Dīwān' 'by Ibn al-Abbar", Ibn al-Abbar, politic i escriptor Valencia Valencià, Valencia, 1990, pp. 141-181.
External linksedit
April 11, 2024
abbar, abbār, ابن, الأبار, hāfiẓ, abū, allāh, muḥammad, abdullah, abū, bakr, qudā, balansī, أبو, عبد, الله, محمد, بن, عبد, الله, بن, أبي, بكر, بن, عبد, الله, بن, عبد, الرحمن, القضاعي, البلنسي, 1199, 1260, secretary, hafsid, dynasty, princes, well, known, poet,. Ibn al Abbar ابن الأبار he was Hafiẓ Abu Abd Allah Muḥammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr al Quda i al Balansi أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن القضاعي البلنسي 2 1199 1260 a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes 1 well known poet diplomat jurist and hadith scholar from al Andalus and perhaps the most famous man of letters produced by the city of Valencia Balansiya during the Middle Ages 3 Ibn al AbbarBorn1199Valencia SpainDied 1260 01 06 January 6 1260TunisOther namesAbu Abd Allah Muḥammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr al Quda i al Balansi also Abu Abd Allah Muḥammad ibn Abi Bakr al Kudai 1 Occupation s Biographer Historian Encyclopedist Poet Ambassador Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 External linksLife editIbn al Abbar s family who were of Yemeni Arab al Quda i ancestry had lived for generations in the village of Onda As an only son his father a scholar a faqih jurist and a poet gave him the best education He was taught by famous scholars of the time such as Abu l Rabi ibn al Salim and cultivated in jurisprudence and poetry He also travelled through al Andalus In 1222 while in Badajoz he learned of his father s death he returned to Valencia became secretary katib to the governor Abu Zayd and married In 1229 a revolt against the Almohades forced Abu Zayd to flee the city accompanied by his secretary the governor took refuge with king James I of Aragon When his patron converted to Christianity Ibn al Abbar abandoned him and returned to Valencia in 1231 to become vizier to the new ruler Abu Jamil ibn Zayyan ibn Mardanish whom he knew from an earlier period Also around 1235 he was qadi judge for a time at Denia In 1236 Cordova fell to Ferdinand III of Castile and in 1237 James I of Aragon defeated Ibn Mardanish at the Battle of the Puig the siege of Valencia began soon after Abu Jamil sent Ibn al Abbar to seek help from Abu Zakariya Yaḥya the Hafsid sultan of Tunis The ambassador declaimed before the Sultan a famous qasida celebrating al Andalus and deploring his tragic situation Abu Zakariya sent a fleet of twelve ships which failed however to reach the blockaded port of Valencia and was forced to anchor at Denia Subsequently Ibn al Abbar was charged by the emir with negotiating the surrender of Valencia which was signed on September 29 1238 The two fled to Denia and Murcia and in 1240 Ibn al Abbar emigrated permanently to Tunis He was once again welcomed by Abu Zakariya and appointed head of his chancery and his panegyrist But with a shady character and enemies at court notably the vizier Ibn Abul Husayn he was replaced and exiled to Bejaia in 1248 Although Abu Zakariya before his death in 1249 had forgiven and recalled him and he became counsellor to Abu Zakariya s successor Muhammad I al Mustansir ibn al Abbar was again banished to Bejaia in 1252 After the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad 1258 Muhammad I al Mustansir had proclaimed himself caliph and was recognized as such in Mecca and Medina In 1259 Ibn al Abbar was again forgiven and recalled to Tunis Soon after he was arrested it seems either for conspiracy or satire and sentenced to be burnt at the stake The details are unknown but a poem found and believed to have been by him contained the following verse In Tunis reigns a tyrant who is foolishly called caliph He was put to death by order of al Mustansir the ruler of Tunis on 6 January 1260 and his body along with his books were burned An account of this is given by Ibn Khaldun in his History of the Berbers Kitab al ʻIbar 1 Works editOf the forty five books by Ibn al Abbar eight survive Kitab al Takmila li Kitab al ṣila كتاب التكملة لالكتاب الصلىة 4 at Takmila Supplement to the Ta rikh Ulama al Andalus History of the scholars of Andalusia of Ibn al Faradi 962 1013 to which Ibn Bashkuwal 1101 1183 had written a sequel history Ṣila fi ta rikh a immat al Andalus The bio bibliographic repertoire was a particularly flourishing literary genre in Muslim Spain when ibn al Abbar s Valencian master Abu l Rabi ibn al Salim prompted him to complete the two works of the previous generation He began working on The Supplement in 1233 at Valencia and finally completed it in Tunis It lists in alphabetical order more than three thousand personages in the literary and cultural history of Muslim Spain In the introduction the author makes clear his concern about the threats to his homeland and his desire to save some of his intellectual heritage for posterity At Takmila published in several incomplete editions from different manuscripts Complementum libri assilah dictionarium biographicum in Arabic Romero Matriti 1877 vols 5 amp 6 vols 7 amp 8 vols 9 amp 10 Complementum Libri as Sila ed Francisco Codera Zaidin Madrid Biblioteca Arabo Hispana 2 vols nos V VI 1888 89 2152 biographies from the Escurial copy and 600 from Algiers MS begins with the letter ج gim Miscelaneas de estudios y textos arabes eds Maximiliano Alarcon and Candido Angel Gonzalez Palencia Madrid 1915 pp 147 690 an appendix to previous from a manuscript of Cairo with biographies nos 2150 2892 Takmila from Fez MS ed Alfred Bel and Mohamed Bencheneb Algiers 1920 652 biographies of the first five letters from the letter alif Takmila from Cairo MS ed Abd al Aṭṭar al Ḥusayni 2 vols Baghdad and Cairo 1956 begins with the letter alif comprising 2188 biographies Kitab al ḥulla al siyara Book of the embroidered tunic finished at Bejaia in 1248 49 compendium of the poetic literary field Tuḥfat al qadim تحفة القادم Newcomer s gift life and works of the Andalusian poets of his time I tab al kuttab a short collection of stories of disgraced and rehabilitated officials written during his exile at Bejaia Al Arba un الأربعون The Forty traditions See لأربعون حديث ا Durar al simṭ fi khabar al sibṭ درر الس مط في خبر الس بط Pearl necklace on the reports of the grandson written during his second stay at Bejaia a religious work of Shiite leanings defending the persecuted lineage of Ali Diwan collected poems of Ibn al Abbar 5 Ya ni al Ḥusayn ibn Ali يعني الحسين بن علي meaning Husayn ibn Ali Bibliography editKhallikan Ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 1843 Ibn Khallikan s Biographical Dictionary tr Wafayat al A yan wa al Anba Abna al Zaman Vol ii Translated by McGuckin de Slane William London W H Allen p 424 n 3 Bel Alfred Bencheneb Mohamed 1918 The preface of Ibn al Abbar to his Takmila as sila African Review 294 Paris 306 335 Ghedira Ameur 1957 An unpublished treatise of Ibn al Abbar with Shia tendency Al Andalus 22 Madrid Granada 30 54 Meouak Mohamed 1985 Ibn al Abbar s Takmilla notes and observations about his editions Journal of the Muslim West and the Mediterranean 40 143 146 Ibn al Abbar politic i escriptor Arab valencia 1199 1260 Actes del Congres Internacional Ibn Al Abbar i el seu temps Onda 20 22 febrer 1989 by Mikel Epalza Jesus Huguet review Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol 112 No 2 Apr Jun 1992 pp 313 314 Ibn al Abbar politic i escriptor derab valencia 1199 1260 proceedings of the international congress Ibn al Abbar i el seu temps in Spanish Valencia Generalitat Valenciana 1990 References edit a b c Khallikan Ibn 1843 p 424 n 3 II This laqab indicates that he had an ancestor needle maker Merriam Webster Inc Merriam Webster s encyclopedia of literature Merriam Webster 1995 p 575 Ibn al Abbar Muḥ b Abd Allah b Abi Bakr 1995 Takmila li Kitab al ṣila in Arabic Vol 4 Beirut Dar al Fikr Djomaa Cheikha El valor documental del Diwan by Ibn al Abbar Ibn al Abbar politic i escriptor Valencia Valencia Valencia 1990 pp 141 181 External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ibn al Abbar amp oldid 1209728354, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
