Iapetus was linked to Japheth (יֶפֶת), one of the sons of Noah and a progenitor of mankind in biblical accounts. The practice by early historians and biblical scholars of identifying various historical nations and ethnic groups as descendants of Japheth, together with the similarity of their names, led to a fusion of their identities, from the early modern period to the present.[6][7]
Iapetus ("the Piercer")[citation needed] is the one Titan mentioned by Homer in the Iliad as being in Tartarus with Cronus. He is a brother of Cronus, who ruled the world during the Golden Age but is now locked up in Tartarus along with Iapetus, where neither breeze nor light of the sun reaches them.[8]
Iapetus' wife is usually described as a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys named either Clymene (according to Hesiod[9] and Hyginus) or Asia (according to Apollodorus).
In Hesiod's Works and Days Prometheus is addressed as "son of Iapetus", and no mother is named. However, in Hesiod's Theogony, Clymene is listed as Iapetus' wife and the mother of Prometheus. In Aeschylus's play Prometheus Bound, Prometheus is son of the goddess Themis with no father named (but still with at least Atlas as a brother). However, in Horace's Odes, in Ode 1.3 Horace writes "audax Iapeti genus ... Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit" ("The bold offspring of Iapetus [i.e. Prometheus] ... brought fire to peoples by wicked deceit").
Hesiod and other Greek scholars regarded the sons of Iapetus as mankind's ancestors and as such, some of humanity's worst qualities were said to have been inherited from these four gods, each of whom were described with a particular moral fault that often led to their own downfall. For instance, sly and clever Prometheus could perhaps represent crafty scheming; the inept and guileless Epimetheus, foolish stupidity; the enduring, strongest and powerful Atlas, excessive daring; and the arrogant Menoetius, rash violence.[10]
^Alexander, Philip (1988). "Retelling the Old Testament". In Carson, D. A.; Williamson, H. G. M. (eds.). It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture: Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–121. ISBN9780521323475.
^Haaland, Gunnar (2011). "Convenient Fiction Or Causal Factor? The Questioning Of Jewish Antiquity According To Against Apion 1.2". In Pastor, Jack; Stern, Pnina; Mor, Menahem (eds.). Flavius Josephus: Interpretation and history. Leiden: Brill. pp. 163–175. ISBN978-90-04-19126-6.
^Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in Hesiod, Theogony 371–374, in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes (4), 99–100, Selene is instead made the daughter of Pallas the son of Megamedes.
^According to Hesiod, Theogony 507–511, Clymene, one of the Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys, at Hesiod, Theogony 351, was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus, while according to Apollodorus, 1.2.3, another Oceanid, Asia was their mother by Iapetus.
^In Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 18, 211, 873 (Sommerstein, pp. 444–445 n. 2, 446–447 n. 24, 538–539 n. 113) Prometheus is made to be the son of Themis.
Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions from Ante-Nicene Library Volume 8, translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867. Online version at theoi.com
Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Hesiod, Works and Days from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer. Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homeric Hymn to Hermes (4), in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Stephanus of Byzantium, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt, edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
October 15, 2023
iapetus, moon, saturn, moon, other, uses, disambiguation, greek, mythology, təs, ancient, greek, Ἰαπετός, romanized, iapetós, also, japetus, titan, uranus, gaia, father, atlas, prometheus, epimetheus, menoetius, also, called, father, buphagus, anchiale, other,. For the moon of Saturn see Iapetus moon For other uses see Iapetus disambiguation In Greek mythology Iapetus aɪ ˈ ae p ɪ t e s eye AP ih tes 1 Ancient Greek Ἰapetos romanized Iapetos 2 also Japetus is a Titan the son of Uranus and Gaia 3 and father of Atlas Prometheus Epimetheus and Menoetius He was also called the father of Buphagus 4 and Anchiale 5 in other sources IapetusThe Titan of MortalityMember of the TitansAbodeTartarusBattlesTitanomachyPersonal informationParentsUranus and GaiaSiblingsTitans CoeusCriusCronusHyperionOceanusMnemosynePhoebeRheaTethysTheiaThemis Hekatonkheires BriareosCottusGyges Cyclopes ArgesBrontesSteropes Other siblings GigantesErinyes the Furies MeliaeConsortAsia or ClymeneOffspringAtlas Prometheus Epimetheus Menoetius Anchiale BuphagusIapetus was linked to Japheth י פ ת one of the sons of Noah and a progenitor of mankind in biblical accounts The practice by early historians and biblical scholars of identifying various historical nations and ethnic groups as descendants of Japheth together with the similarity of their names led to a fusion of their identities from the early modern period to the present 6 7 Contents 1 Mythology 2 Genealogy 3 Notes 4 ReferencesMythology EditIapetus the Piercer citation needed is the one Titan mentioned by Homer in the Iliad as being in Tartarus with Cronus He is a brother of Cronus who ruled the world during the Golden Age but is now locked up in Tartarus along with Iapetus where neither breeze nor light of the sun reaches them 8 Iapetus wife is usually described as a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys named either Clymene according to Hesiod 9 and Hyginus or Asia according to Apollodorus In Hesiod s Works and Days Prometheus is addressed as son of Iapetus and no mother is named However in Hesiod s Theogony Clymene is listed as Iapetus wife and the mother of Prometheus In Aeschylus s play Prometheus Bound Prometheus is son of the goddess Themis with no father named but still with at least Atlas as a brother However in Horace s Odes in Ode 1 3 Horace writes audax Iapeti genus Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit The bold offspring of Iapetus i e Prometheus brought fire to peoples by wicked deceit Hesiod and other Greek scholars regarded the sons of Iapetus as mankind s ancestors and as such some of humanity s worst qualities were said to have been inherited from these four gods each of whom were described with a particular moral fault that often led to their own downfall For instance sly and clever Prometheus could perhaps represent crafty scheming the inept and guileless Epimetheus foolish stupidity the enduring strongest and powerful Atlas excessive daring and the arrogant Menoetius rash violence 10 Iapetus as the progenitor of mankind has been equated with Japheth י פ ת the son of Noah based on the similarity of their names and the tradition reported by Josephus Antiquities of the Jews which made Japheth the ancestor of the Japhetites i e the Indo European speaking peoples Iapetus was linked to Japheth by 17th century theologian Matthew Poole 11 and more recently by Robert Graves 12 and by John Pairman Brown 13 Genealogy EditIapetus s family tree 14 UranusGaiaPontusOceanusTethysHyperionTheiaCriusEurybiaThe RiversThe OceanidsHeliosSelene 15 EosAstraeusPallasPersesCronusRheaCoeusPhoebeHestiaHeraHadesZeusLetoAsteriaDemeterPoseidonIAPETUSClymene or Asia 16 Mnemosyne Zeus ThemisAtlas 17 MenoetiusPrometheus 18 EpimetheusThe MusesThe HoraeNotes Edit Wells John 14 April 2010 Iapetus and tonotopy John Wells s phonetic blog Retrieved 21 April 2010 Of uncertain etymology R S P Beekes has suggested a pre Greek origin Etymological Dictionary of Greek Brill 2009 pp 573 4 Hesiod Theogony 135 Diodorus Siculus 5 66 3 Clement of Alexandria Recognitions 31 Apollodorus 1 1 3 Pausanias 8 27 17 Stephanus of Byzantium s v Anchiale Alexander Philip 1988 Retelling the Old Testament In Carson D A Williamson H G M eds It is Written Scripture Citing Scripture Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 99 121 ISBN 9780521323475 Haaland Gunnar 2011 Convenient Fiction Or Causal Factor The Questioning Of Jewish Antiquity According To Against Apion 1 2 In Pastor Jack Stern Pnina Mor Menahem eds Flavius Josephus Interpretation and history Leiden Brill pp 163 175 ISBN 978 90 04 19126 6 Homer Iliad 8 478 481 Hesiod Theogony 507 Smiley Charles N Hesiod as an Ethical and Religious Teacher The Classical Journal vol XVII 1922 pg 514 Matthew Poole Commentary on the Holy Bible 1685 vol 1 26 Robert Graves The Greek Myths vol 1 p 146 John Pairman Brown Israel and Hellas 1995 82 Hesiod Theogony 132 138 337 411 453 520 901 906 915 920 Caldwell pp 8 11 tables 11 14 Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia as in Hesiod Theogony 371 374 in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes 4 99 100 Selene is instead made the daughter of Pallas the son of Megamedes According to Hesiod Theogony 507 511 Clymene one of the Oceanids the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys at Hesiod Theogony 351 was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas Menoetius Prometheus and Epimetheus while according to Apollodorus 1 2 3 another Oceanid Asia was their mother by Iapetus According to Plato Critias 113d 114a Atlas was the son of Poseidon and the mortal Cleito In Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 18 211 873 Sommerstein pp 444 445 n 2 446 447 n 24 538 539 n 113 Prometheus is made to be the son of Themis References EditCaldwell Richard Hesiod s Theogony Focus Publishing R Pullins Company June 1 1987 ISBN 978 0 941051 00 2 Clement of Alexandria Recognitions from Ante Nicene Library Volume 8 translated by Smith Rev Thomas T amp T Clark Edinburgh 1867 Online version at theoi com Diodorus Siculus The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather Twelve volumes Loeb Classical Library Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1989 Vol 3 Books 4 59 8 Online version at Bill Thayer s Web Site Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica Vol 1 2 Immanel Bekker Ludwig Dindorf Friedrich Vogel in aedibus B G Teubneri Leipzig 1888 1890 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Hesiod Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Hesiod Works and Days from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Homer The Iliad with an English Translation by A T Murray Ph D in two volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1924 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Homer Homeri Opera in five volumes Oxford Oxford University Press 1920 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Homeric Hymn to Hermes 4 in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W H S Jones Litt D and H A Ormerod M A in 4 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1918 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pausanias Graeciae Descriptio 3 vols Leipzig Teubner 1903 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Stephanus of Byzantium Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt edited by August Meineike 1790 1870 published 1849 A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling Online version at the Topos Text Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iapetus amp oldid 1176052149, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
