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Wikipedia

Xerénte language

The Xerénte or Akwẽ-Xerénte language is an Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (, Macro-Jê) of Brazil. It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins state between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins.

Xerénte
Native toBrazil
RegionTocantins
EthnicityXerente people
Native speakers
1,810 (2000)[1]
Official status
Official language in
 Brazil (Tocantínia)
Language codes
ISO 639-3xer
Glottologxere1240
ELPXerente

Phonology edit

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ u ũ
Close-mid e ẽ o õ
Mid ə ə̃
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
  • Vowels /i, ɨ, u, a/ when occurring in unstressed syllables can be heard as [ɪ, ɨ̞, ʊ, ɐ].
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless s h
voiced z
Nasal m n
Approximant j w
Flap ɾ
  • A [ɡ] sound is heard as an allophone of /k/ when preceding another consonant.
  • /d/ can be heard as dental [d̪] when preceding /i/.
  • /s/ can be heard as a post-alveolar or retroflex sibilant sound [ʃ~ʂ] when preceding /i/.
  • /h/ when preceding /i/ can be heard as a voiced velar or glottal fricative sound [ɣ~ɦ].
  • /h/ when preceding /k/ can be heard as a velar fricative sound [x].
  • /n/ when preceding the following vowels /i, õ, ɔ/ can be heard as a palatal nasal [ɲ].
  • /ɾ/ may also be heard as a retroflex flap [ɽ].[2]

Grammar edit

Personal pronouns[3] edit

Person Nominative Emphatic Absolutive Tense-Aspect-Mood-Person

markers

1S wa wahã ĩ- wa-
1P wanõrĩ (nĩ) - wa-
2S ka, toka kahã ai- bî-, te-
2P kanõrĩ (kwa), tokanõrĩ -
3S ta tahã Ø-, ã-, ti-, t- Ø-, mã-, te-
3P tanõrĩ tahãnõrĩ

The nominative and emphatic forms are free morphemes with the function of subject of transitive or intransitive sentences. The absolutive pronoun prefixes mark possessors, objects of postpositions, direct objects, subjects of nominal predicates and subjects of intransitive verbs with post-verbal operators.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Xerénte at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ de Souza, Shelton Lima (2008). Descrição fonético-fonológica da língua Akwen-Xerente. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
  3. ^ Filho, Sinval Martins Sousa (2011-07-05). "Padrões de alinhamento morfossintáticos em Akwe?-Xerente (Jê)". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas (in Portuguese). 11 (1): 115–128. doi:10.20396/liames.v0i11.1498. ISSN 2177-7160.

xerénte, language, xerénte, akwẽ, akuwẽ, central, language, macro, brazil, spoken, xerente, people, tocantins, state, between, sono, tocantins, xeréntenative, tobrazilregiontocantinsethnicityxerente, peoplenative, speakers1, 2000, language, familymacro, jêcerr. The Xerente or Akwẽ Xerente language is an Akuwẽ Central Je language Je Macro Je of Brazil It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins state between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins XerenteNative toBrazilRegionTocantinsEthnicityXerente peopleNative speakers1 810 2000 1 Language familyMacro Je JeCerradoAkuwẽ Central Je XerenteOfficial statusOfficial language in Brazil Tocantinia Language codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code xer class extiw title iso639 3 xer xer a Glottologxere1240ELPXerente Contents 1 Phonology 2 Grammar 2 1 Personal pronouns 3 3 NotesPhonology editVowels Front Central BackClose i ĩ ɨ u ũClose mid e ẽ o oMid e e Open mid ɛ ɔOpen aVowels i ɨ u a when occurring in unstressed syllables can be heard as ɪ ɨ ʊ ɐ Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalStop voiceless p t kvoiced b dFricative voiceless s hvoiced zNasal m nApproximant j wFlap ɾA ɡ sound is heard as an allophone of k when preceding another consonant d can be heard as dental d when preceding i s can be heard as a post alveolar or retroflex sibilant sound ʃ ʂ when preceding i h when preceding i can be heard as a voiced velar or glottal fricative sound ɣ ɦ h when preceding k can be heard as a velar fricative sound x n when preceding the following vowels i o ɔ can be heard as a palatal nasal ɲ ɾ may also be heard as a retroflex flap ɽ 2 Grammar editPersonal pronouns 3 edit Person Nominative Emphatic Absolutive Tense Aspect Mood Person markers1S wa waha ĩ wa 1P wanorĩ nĩ wa 2S ka toka kaha ai bi te 2P kanorĩ kwa tokanorĩ 3S ta taha O a ti t O ma te 3P tanorĩ tahanorĩThe nominative and emphatic forms are free morphemes with the function of subject of transitive or intransitive sentences The absolutive pronoun prefixes mark possessors objects of postpositions direct objects subjects of nominal predicates and subjects of intransitive verbs with post verbal operators Notes edit Xerente at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required de Souza Shelton Lima 2008 Descricao fonetico fonologica da lingua Akwen Xerente Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia Filho Sinval Martins Sousa 2011 07 05 Padroes de alinhamento morfossintaticos em Akwe Xerente Je LIAMES Linguas Indigenas Americanas in Portuguese 11 1 115 128 doi 10 20396 liames v0i11 1498 ISSN 2177 7160 nbsp Xerente language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xerente language amp oldid 1144332829, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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