Dilling (also Delen, Warkimbe; autonym: Warki) is a Hill Nubian language spoken in the northwestern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan. It is spoken by around 12,000 people in the town of Dilling and surrounding hills, including Kudur. Ethnologue reports that Dilling is moribund, with only older adults speaking the language and not using it with their children. All speakers also use Sudanese Arabic. The Dilling call themselves Warki, while the Dilling speakers of Kudur call themselves Kwashe.[1] Another ethnic minority that speak Dilling are the Debri people, an ethnic group of several thousand people from South Kordofan in Sudan
Dilling has 9 vowels a,e,ẹ,ḙ,i,ọ,ǒ,u and 21 consonants as following (Gebel Delen 1920:3):[full citation needed]
Explosives
voiceless voiced
Fricatives
voiceless voiced
Liquidates
Nasales
Dentales
t d
(s)
l r
n
Gutturales
k g
h
ṅ
Gutturopalatales
ñ
Palatales
t d
š y
ń
Labiales
p b
ƒ w
m
Nounsedit
In Dilling there is no difference grammatical gender in nouns verb forms, pronouns and relative terms, to express a gender in a person one adds expression to clarify such as for example korti (man) or ḙli (woman). These are added apposition without a connector. With animals the name classifies gender and species, ‘tẹ’ “female cow” and ‘tere’ “bull”. (Gebel Delen 1920:40-41)[full citation needed]
Dilling does not have specific and non specific articles but it uses personal pronouns of the 3rd person sg/pl and is placed in front of the noun ‘tẹ id’ “the (mentioned) man”(Gebel Delen 1920:42).[full citation needed] Exceptions are names and If the noun has an attribute afterwards it is either placed in front, between the noun and attribute or it is multiplied (Gebel Delen 1920:42).[full citation needed]
Pronounsedit
Personal pronouns are:
e->I
a->You
te/te->He/she/it
i->We
u->You
ti->They
Often times one only puts first person pronouns in front of the verb and leaves it out when referring to the 3rd person sg/pl or if they wanted to use it as a noun when they want to stress this part, they would put it in front of the verb. (Gebel Delen 1920:96)[full citation needed]
Numbersedit
Numbers 1-29 are written in Dilling starting from 30 numbers are either accumulating the numbers or taken from Arabic especially starting from 100(Gebel Delen 1920:90-92).[full citation needed]
dilling, language, dilling, also, delen, warkimbe, autonym, warki, hill, nubian, language, spoken, northwestern, nuba, mountains, south, sudan, spoken, around, people, town, dilling, surrounding, hills, including, kudur, ethnologue, reports, that, dilling, mor. Dilling also Delen Warkimbe autonym Warki is a Hill Nubian language spoken in the northwestern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan It is spoken by around 12 000 people in the town of Dilling and surrounding hills including Kudur Ethnologue reports that Dilling is moribund with only older adults speaking the language and not using it with their children All speakers also use Sudanese Arabic The Dilling call themselves Warki while the Dilling speakers of Kudur call themselves Kwashe 1 Another ethnic minority that speak Dilling are the Debri people an ethnic group of several thousand people from South Kordofan in SudanDillingWarkiNative toSudanRegionNuba HillsEthnicity92 000 Dilling 2024 1 Native speakers13 000 2022 1 Language familyNilo Saharan Eastern SudanicNorthern EasternNubianCentralHill Unclassified DillingWriting systemLatinLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code dil class extiw title iso639 3 dil dil a Glottologdill1242ELPDillingDilling is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in DangerContents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 3 Nouns 4 Pronouns 5 Numbers 6 ReferencesDialects editDilling has one dialect Debri citation needed which is spoken on the mountain Gebel Debri south of Ghulfan 2 Phonology editDilling has 9 vowels a e ẹ ḙ i ọ ǒ u and 21 consonants as following Gebel Delen 1920 3 full citation needed Explosives voiceless voiced Fricatives voiceless voiced Liquidates Nasales Dentales t d s l r n Gutturales k g h ṅ Gutturopalatales n Palatales t d s y n Labiales p b ƒ w mNouns editIn Dilling there is no difference grammatical gender in nouns verb forms pronouns and relative terms to express a gender in a person one adds expression to clarify such as for example korti man or ḙli woman These are added apposition without a connector With animals the name classifies gender and species tẹ female cow and tere bull Gebel Delen 1920 40 41 full citation needed Dilling does not have specific and non specific articles but it uses personal pronouns of the 3rd person sg pl and is placed in front of the noun tẹ id the mentioned man Gebel Delen 1920 42 full citation needed Exceptions are names and If the noun has an attribute afterwards it is either placed in front between the noun and attribute or it is multiplied Gebel Delen 1920 42 full citation needed Pronouns editPersonal pronouns are e gt Ia gt Youte te gt He she iti gt Weu gt Youti gt TheyOften times one only puts first person pronouns in front of the verb and leaves it out when referring to the 3rd person sg pl or if they wanted to use it as a noun when they want to stress this part they would put it in front of the verb Gebel Delen 1920 96 full citation needed Numbers editNumbers 1 29 are written in Dilling starting from 30 numbers are either accumulating the numbers or taken from Arabic especially starting from 100 Gebel Delen 1920 90 92 full citation needed 1 ben oder ben2 oren3 tọcuṅ toduṅ 4 kẹminen5 tisin6 kwarten7 kwalan8 ẹddin9 wen10 buren11 bure be kǒ12 bur oro kǒ13 bur tẹ kǒ14 bur kẹn kǒ15 bur tis kǒ16 bur kwartu kǒ17 bur kwala kǒ18 bur ẹddu kǒ19 bur wẹ kǒ20 tarben21 tar be be kǒ22 tar be oro kǒ23 tar te kǒ24 tar kẹn kǒ25 tar be tis kǒ26 tar be kwartu kǒ27 tar kwala kǒ28 tar be ẹddu kǒ29 tar be wẹ kǒReferences edit a b c Dilling at Ethnologue 27th ed 2024 nbsp Rilly Claude Voogt Alex de 2012 08 27 The Meroitic Language and Writing System Cambridge University Press p 74 ISBN 9781139560535 This Nilo Saharan languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dilling language amp oldid 1223091211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
