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IBM PC DOS

May 13, 2023

IBM PC DOS (also known as simply IBM DOS), an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles. It was manufactured and sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s. Developed by Microsoft, it was also sold by that company as MS-DOS. Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993, when IBM began selling PC DOS 6.1 with new features. The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS-DOS was DOS, which is also the generic term for disk operating system, and is shared with dozens of disk operating systems called DOS.

IBM PC DOS
IBM PC DOS 1.10 (1982) command line
DeveloperMicrosoft
IBM
Written inAssembly language, C
OS familyDOS
Working stateNo longer supported
Source modelClosed source
Initial releaseAugust 1981; 41 years ago (1981-08)
Latest releasePC DOS 2000 / April 1998; 25 years ago (1998-04)
Latest previewPC DOS 7.1 / 2003; 20 years ago (2003)
Available inEnglish (US), English (UK), Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish
Platformsx86
Kernel typeMonolithic kernel
Default
user interface		Command-line interface (COMMAND.COM)
LicenseCommercial proprietary software

History

The IBM task force assembled to develop the IBM PC decided that critical components of the machine, including the operating system, would come from outside vendors. This radical break from company tradition of in-house development was one of the key decisions that made the IBM PC an industry standard. Microsoft, founded five years earlier by Bill Gates, was eventually selected for the operating system.

IBM wanted Microsoft to retain ownership of whatever software it developed, and wanted nothing to do with helping Microsoft, other than making suggestions from afar. According to task force member Jack Sams:

The reasons were internal. We had a terrible problem being sued by people claiming we had stolen their stuff. It could be horribly expensive for us to have our programmers look at code that belonged to someone else because they would then come back and say we stole it and made all this money. We had lost a series of suits on this, and so we didn't want to have a product which was clearly someone else's product worked on by IBM people. We went to Microsoft on the proposition that we wanted this to be their product.[1][citation needed]

IBM first contacted Microsoft to look the company over in July 1980. Negotiations continued over the months that followed, and the paperwork was officially signed in early November.[2]

Although IBM expected that most customers would use PC DOS,[3] the IBM PC also supported CP/M-86, which became available six months after PC DOS,[4] and UCSD p-System operating systems.[5] IBM's expectation proved correct: one survey found that 96.3% of PCs were ordered with the US$40 PC DOS compared to 3.4% with the US$240 CP/M-86.[6]

Over the history of IBM PC DOS, various versions were developed by IBM and Microsoft. By the time PC DOS 3.0 was completed, IBM had a team of developers covering the full OS. At that point in time, either IBM or Microsoft completely developed versions of IBM PC DOS going forward. By 1985 the joint development agreement (JDA) between IBM and Microsoft for the development of PC DOS had each company giving the other company a completely developed version. Most of the time branded versions were identical, but there were some cases in which each of the companies made minor modifications to their version of DOS. In the fall of 1984, IBM gave all the source code and documentation of the internally developed IBM TopView for DOS to Microsoft so that Microsoft could more fully understand how to develop an object-oriented operating environment, overlapping windows (for its development of Windows 2.0) and multitasking.

Version history

Version Release date References
1.0 August 12, 1981 [7]
1.1 (1.10) May 7, 1982 [8]
2.0 March 8, 1983 [9]
2.1 (2.10) November 1, 1983 [10]
3.0 September 14, 1984 [11]
3.1 (3.10) April 2, 1985 [12]
3.2 (3.20) April 2, 1986 [13]
3.3 (3.30) April 2, 1987 [14]
4.0 July 19, 1988 [15]
5.0 June 11, 1991 [16]
6.1 July 26, 1993 [17]
6.3 April 27, 1994 [18]
7.0 February 28, 1995 [19]
2000 May 29, 1998 [20]

Versions

PC DOS 1.x

 
User manual and diskette for IBM PC DOS 1.1

Microsoft first licensed,[21] then purchased[22] 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products (SCP), which was modified for the IBM PC by Microsoft employee Bob O'Rear with assistance from SCP (later Microsoft) employee Tim Paterson.[23] O'Rear got 86-DOS to run on the prototype PC in February 1981. 86-DOS had to be converted from 8-inch to 5.25-inch floppy disks and integrated with the BIOS, which Microsoft was helping IBM to write.[24][25] IBM had more people writing requirements for the computer than Microsoft had writing code. O'Rear often felt overwhelmed by the number of people he had to deal with at the ESD (Entry Systems Division) facility in Boca Raton, Florida.

Perhaps the first public mention of the operating system was in July 1981, when Byte discussed rumors of a forthcoming personal computer with "a CP/M-like DOS ... to be called, simply, 'IBM Personal Computer DOS'".[26] 86-DOS was rebranded IBM PC DOS 1.0 for its August 1981 release with the IBM PC. The initial version of DOS was largely based on CP/M-80 1.x and most of its architecture, function calls and file-naming conventions were copied directly from the older OS. The most significant difference was the fact that it introduced a different file system, FAT12. Unlike all later DOS versions, the DATE and TIME commands were separate executables rather than part of COMMAND.COM. Single-sided 160 kilobyte (KB) 5.25-inch floppies were the only disk format supported.

In late 1981 Paterson, now at Microsoft, began writing PC DOS 1.10. It debuted in May 1982 along with the Revision B IBM PC. Support for the new double-sided drives was added, allowing 320 KB per disk. A number of bugs were fixed, and error messages and prompts were made less cryptic. The DEBUG utility was now able to load files greater than 64 KB in size.

PC DOS 2.x

Later, a group of Microsoft programmers (primarily Paul Allen, Mark Zbikowski and Aaron Reynolds)[25] began work on PC DOS 2.0. Completely rewritten, DOS 2.0 added subdirectories and hard disk support for the new IBM XT, which debuted in March 1983. A new 9-sector format bumped the capacity of floppy disks to 360 KB. The Unix-inspired kernel featured file handles in place of the CP/M-derivative file control blocks and loadable device drivers could now be used for adding hardware beyond that which the IBM PC BIOS supported. BASIC and most of the utilities provided with DOS were substantially upgraded as well. A major undertaking that took almost 10 months of work, DOS 2.0 was more than twice as big as DOS 1.x, occupying around 28 KB of RAM compared to the 12 KB of its predecessor. It would form the basis for all Microsoft consumer-oriented OSes until 2001, when Windows XP (based on Windows NT) was released.[25]

In October 1983 (officially 1 November 1983)[27] DOS 2.1 debuted. It fixed some bugs and added support for half-height floppy drives and the new IBM PCjr.

In 1983, Compaq released the Compaq Portable, the first 100% IBM PC compatible and licensed their own OEM version of DOS 1.10 (quickly replaced by DOS 2.00) from Microsoft. Other PC compatibles followed suit, most of which included hardware-specific DOS features, although some were generic.

PC DOS 3.x

 
Retail box of IBM PC DOS 3.30

In August 1984, IBM introduced the Intel 80286-derived IBM PC/AT, its next-generation machine. Along with this was DOS 3.00. Despite jumping a whole version number, it again proved little more than an incremental upgrade, adding nothing more substantial than support for the AT's new 1.2 megabyte (MB) floppy disks. Planned networking capabilities in DOS 3.00 were judged too buggy to be usable and Microsoft disabled them prior to the OS's release. In any case, IBM's original plans for the AT had been to equip it with a proper next-generation OS that would use its extended features, but this never materialized.[2] PC DOS 3.1 (released March 1985) fixed the bugs in DOS 3.00 and supported IBM's Network Adapter card on the IBM PC Network. PC DOS 3.2 added support for 3+1⁄2-inch double-density 720 KB floppy disk drives, supporting the IBM PC Convertible, IBM's first computer to use 3+1⁄2-inch floppy disks, released April 1986, and later the IBM Personal System/2 in 1987.

In June 1985, IBM and Microsoft signed a long-term Joint Development Agreement to share specified DOS code and create a new operating system from scratch, known at the time as Advanced DOS. On 2 April 1987 OS/2 was announced as the first product produced under the agreement.[28] At the same time, IBM released its next generation of personal computers, the IBM Personal System/2 (PS/2).[2] PC DOS 3.3, released with the PS/2 line, added support for high density 3+1⁄2-inch 1.44 MB floppy disk drives, which IBM introduced in its 80286-based and higher PS/2 models. The upgrade from DOS 3.2 to 3.3 was completely written by IBM, with no development effort on the part of Microsoft, who were working on "Advanced DOS 1.0". DOS 3.30 was the last version designed with the IBM XT and floppy-only systems in mind; it became one of the most popular versions and many users preferred it to its buggy successor.

PC DOS 4.x

PC DOS 4.0 (internally known as DOS 3.4 originally), shipped July 1988. DOS 4.0 had some compatibility issues with low-level disk utilities due to some internal data structure changes. DOS 4.0 used more memory than DOS 3.30 and it also had a few glitches. Newly added EMS drivers were only compatible with IBM's EMS boards and not the more common[citation needed] Intel and AST ones. DOS 4.0 is also notable for including the first version of the DOS Shell, a full-screen utility designed to make the command-line OS more user-friendly. Microsoft took back control of development and released a bug-fixed DOS 4.01.[29]

PC DOS 5

DOS 5 debuted in June 1991. DOS 5 supported the use of the High Memory Area (HMA) and Upper Memory Blocks (UMBs) on 80286 and later systems to reduce its conventional memory usage. Also all DOS commands now supported the /? option to display command syntax. Aside from IBM's PC DOS, MS-DOS was the only other version available as OEM editions vanished since by this time PCs were 100% compatible so customizations for hardware differences were no longer necessary.

This was the last version of DOS that IBM and Microsoft shared the full code for, and the DOS that was integrated into OS/2 2.0's, and later Windows NT's, virtual DOS machine.

PC DOS 6.1

PC DOS remained a rebranded version of MS-DOS until 1993. IBM and Microsoft parted ways—MS-DOS 6 was released in March, and PC DOS 6.1 (separately developed) followed in June. Most of the new features from MS-DOS 6.0 appeared in PC DOS 6.1 including the new boot menu support and the new commands CHOICE, DELTREE, and MOVE. QBasic was dropped and the MS-DOS Editor was replaced with the IBM E Editor. PC DOS 6.1 reports itself as DOS 6.00.

PC DOS 6.3

PC DOS 6.3 followed in December. PC DOS 6.3 was also used in OS/2 for the PowerPC. PC DOS 6.3 also featured SuperStor disk compression technology from Addstor.

PC DOS 7

PC DOS 7 was released in April 1995 and was the last release of DOS before IBM software development (other than the development IBM ViaVoice) moved to Austin. The REXX programming language was added, as well as support for a new floppy disk format, XDF, which extended a standard 1.44 MB floppy disk to 1.86 MB. SuperStor disk compression technology was replaced with Stac Electronics' STACKER. An algebraic command line calculator and a utility program to load device drivers from the command line were added. PC DOS 7 also included many optimizations to increase performance and reduce memory usage.[30]

PC DOS 2000

The most recent retail release was PC DOS 2000 – released from Austin in 1998 – which found its niche in the embedded software market and elsewhere. PC DOS 2000 is a slipstream of 7.0 with Y2K and other fixes applied. To applications, PC DOS 2000 reports itself as "IBM PC DOS 7.00, revision 1", in contrast to the original PC DOS 7, which reported itself as "IBM PC DOS 7.00, revision 0".[nb 1]

Hitachi used PC DOS 2000 in their legacy Drive Fitness Test (4.15) and Hitachi Feature Tool (2.15) until 2009.[31] ThinkPad products had a copy of the latest version of PC DOS in their Rescue and Recovery partition.[32]

PC DOS 7.1

PC DOS 7.1 added support for Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and FAT32 partitions.[nb 1] Various builds from 1999 up to 2003 were not released in retail, but used in products such as the IBM ServerGuide Scripting Toolkit.[33] A build of this version of DOS appeared in Norton Ghost from Symantec.[34] Version 7.1 indicates support for FAT32 also in MS-DOS.[30]

Most builds of this version of DOS are limited to the kernel files IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM, and COMMAND.COM. The updated programs FDISK32 and FORMAT32 allow one to prepare FAT32 disks. Additional utilities are taken from PC DOS 2000, where needed.

PC DOS as a distributed file client

In 1986, IBM announced PC DOS support for client access to the file services defined by Distributed Data Management Architecture (DDM). This enabled programs on PCs to create, manage, and access record-oriented files available on IBM System/36, IBM System/38 and IBM mainframe computers running CICS. In 1988, client support for stream-oriented files and hierarchical directories was added to PC DOS when they became available on the DDM server systems.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b For PC DOS the DOS INT 21h function 30h Get DOS version returns OEM code 00h for IBM instead of FFh for Microsoft. This is particularly important for DOS 7, because various features introduced in MS-DOS 7.0 and 7.1 are not supported in PC DOS 7.x, and vice versa, e.g., MS-DOS does not support REXX, and PC DOS 7 and 2000 do not support LBA access.

References

  1. ^ Jakobsen, Remi. "The History of DOS". Remi's Classic Computers - My collection of vintage computers, game consoles, history, specs and repairs. from the original on 2019-08-04. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
  2. ^ a b c Wallace, James; Erickson, Jim (1992). Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 190. ISBN 0-471-56886-4.
  3. ^ Bunnell, David Hugh (February–March 1982). "The Man Behind The Machine? A PC Exclusive Interview With Software Guru Bill Gates". PC Magazine. p. 16. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  4. ^ Edlin, Jim (June–July 1982). "CP/M Arrives". PC Magazine. p. 43. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  5. ^ Lemmons, Phil (October 1981). "The IBM Personal Computer: First Impressions". Byte. p. 36. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  6. ^ "CP/M-86 Price Plunges to $60". PC Magazine. February 1983. p. 56. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
  7. ^ "Product Announcement: The IBM Personal Computer" (PDF) (Press release). White Plains, New York: IBM. 1981-08-12. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  8. ^ Sedory, Daniel (2008-08-13). "IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 1.1.0 (1982)". The Starman's Realm. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  9. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 283-034" (Press release). IBM. 1983-03-08. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  10. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 283-389" (Press release). IBM. 1983-11-01. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  11. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 284-283" (Press release). IBM. 1984-08-14. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  12. ^ "IBM PC DOS 3.10". PCjs Machines. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  13. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 286-129" (Press release). IBM. 1986-04-02. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  14. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 287-098" (Press release). IBM. 1987-04-02. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  15. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 288-380" (Press release). IBM. 1988-07-19. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  16. ^ "Announcement Letter Number ZP91-0432" (Press release). IBM. 1991-06-11. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  17. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 293-347" (Press release). IBM. 1993-06-29. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  18. ^ "Announcement Letter Number 294-263" (Press release). IBM. 1994-04-27. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  19. ^ "Announcement Letter Number ZP95-0102" (Press release). 1995-02-28. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  20. ^ "Announcment Letter Number 298-169" (Press release). IBM. 1998-05-26. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  21. ^ "86-DOS version 0.3 (1980-11-15) License Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft" (PDF). 1981-01-06. (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2013-04-01. (NB. Published as part of the Comes v. Microsoft case as exhibit #1.)
  22. ^ "86-DOS Sales Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft" (PDF). 1981-07-27. Retrieved 2013-04-01. (NB. Published as part of the Comes v. Microsoft case as exhibit #2/#3. The document also carries a typed date stamp as of 1981-07-22.)
  23. ^ Paterson, Tim (2007-08-08). "Is DOS a Rip-Off of CP/M?". DosMan Drivel. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
  24. ^ Allen, Paul; Gates, Bill; King, Adrian; Larson, Chris; Letwin, Gordon; O'Rear, Bob; Paterson, Tim; Peters, Chris; Phillips, Bruce; Reynolds, Aaron; Stillmaker, Betty; Zbikowski, Mark (1986). "Technical advisors". MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia. By Bornstein, Howard; Bredehoeft, Lawrence; Duncan, Ray; Morris, Carol; Rose, David; Socha, John; Tomlin, Jim; Vian, Kathleen; Wolverton, Van. Beley, Jim; Preppernau, Barry; Beason, Pam; Lewis, Andrea; Rygmyr, David (eds.). Microsoft Reference Library. Vol. 1 (Original withdrawn ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-914845-69-1. LCCN 86-8640. OCLC 635600205. (xvii+1053 pages; 29 cm) (NB. This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system. It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass-distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published. Few printed copies survived. It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988. [1])
  25. ^ a b c Zbikowski, Mark; Allen, Paul; Ballmer, Steve; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick; Gates, Bill; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan; McDonald, Marc; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike; O'Rear, Bob; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil; Paterson, Tim; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris; Petzold, Charles; Pollock, John; Reynolds, Aaron; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors". The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim; Letwin, Gordon; Petzold, Charles; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: Microsoft Press. ISBN 1-55615-049-0. LCCN 87-21452. OCLC 16581341. (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. [2])
  26. ^ Morgan, Chris (July 1981). "IBM's Personal Computer". BYTE. p. 6. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  27. ^ "DOS 2.0 and 2.1 | OS/2 Museum".
  28. ^ Necasek, Michal (2004-06-24). . The History of OS/2. Archived from the original on 2010-04-10. (NB. A copy of Microsoft's 1987-04-02 press release announcing OS/2.)
  29. ^ History of Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS (Miscellaneous) TACKtech Corp.
  30. ^ a b Brooks, Vernon C. "Information and history about PC DOS and MS-DOS". PC DOS Retro. from the original on 2020-02-21. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  31. ^ . HGST. 2009. Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
  32. ^ "How to use the pre-boot service partition to recover your software". Lenovo. Retrieved 2014-02-11. An additional undocumented feature added to the User Interface is the ability to drop directly out to a DOS prompt. Pressing F3 (there is no prompt for this) will exit the recovery utility and go to a DOS prompt
  33. ^ . 1.3.07. IBM. 2008-01-24. MIGR-53564. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
  34. ^ "Create a Standard Ghost Boot Disk". Symantec. 2004-01-03. TECH108761. Retrieved 2014-02-13.

Further reading

  • IBM Corporation and Microsoft, Inc. DOS 3.30: User's Guide. IBM Corporation, 1987. Part number 80X0933.
  • IBM Corporation and Microsoft, Inc. DOS 3.30: Reference (Abridged). IBM Corporation, 1987. Part number 94X9575.
  • IBM Corporation. Getting Started with Disk Operating System Version 4.00. IBM Corporation, 1988. Part number 15F1370.
  • IBM Corporation. Using Disk Operating System Version 4.00. IBM Corporation, 1988. Part number 15F1371.
  • IBM Corporation. IBM Disk Operating System Version 5.0. User Guide and Reference. IBM Corporation, 1991. Part number 07G4584.
  • Que Corporation. IBM PC DOS and Microsoft Windows User's Guide. Suzanne Weixel, 2nd ed., Indianapolis, 1995. ISBN 0-7897-0276-2.
  • IBM Corporation. PC DOS 7 User's Guide. Margaret Averett, 1995. Part number 83G9260 (S83G-9260-00).
  • IBM Corporation. . IBM Redbooks, 1995. ISBN 0-7384-0677-5.

May 13, 2023
also, known, simply, acronym, personal, computer, disk, operating, system, discontinued, disk, operating, system, personal, computer, successors, compatibles, manufactured, sold, from, early, 1980s, into, 2000s, developed, microsoft, also, sold, that, company,. IBM PC DOS also known as simply IBM DOS an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer its successors and IBM PC compatibles It was manufactured and sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s Developed by Microsoft it was also sold by that company as MS DOS Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993 when IBM began selling PC DOS 6 1 with new features The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS DOS was DOS which is also the generic term for disk operating system and is shared with dozens of disk operating systems called DOS IBM PC DOSIBM PC DOS 1 10 1982 command lineDeveloperMicrosoftIBMWritten inAssembly language COS familyDOSWorking stateNo longer supportedSource modelClosed sourceInitial releaseAugust 1981 41 years ago 1981 08 Latest releasePC DOS 2000 April 1998 25 years ago 1998 04 Latest previewPC DOS 7 1 2003 20 years ago 2003 Available inEnglish US English UK Danish Dutch Finnish French German Italian Norwegian Portuguese Russian Spanish SwedishPlatformsx86Kernel typeMonolithic kernelDefaultuser interfaceCommand line interface COMMAND COM LicenseCommercial proprietary software Contents 1 History 1 1 Version history 2 Versions 2 1 PC DOS 1 x 2 2 PC DOS 2 x 2 3 PC DOS 3 x 2 4 PC DOS 4 x 2 5 PC DOS 5 2 6 PC DOS 6 1 2 7 PC DOS 6 3 2 8 PC DOS 7 2 9 PC DOS 2000 2 10 PC DOS 7 1 3 PC DOS as a distributed file client 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further readingHistory EditThe IBM task force assembled to develop the IBM PC decided that critical components of the machine including the operating system would come from outside vendors This radical break from company tradition of in house development was one of the key decisions that made the IBM PC an industry standard Microsoft founded five years earlier by Bill Gates was eventually selected for the operating system IBM wanted Microsoft to retain ownership of whatever software it developed and wanted nothing to do with helping Microsoft other than making suggestions from afar According to task force member Jack Sams The reasons were internal We had a terrible problem being sued by people claiming we had stolen their stuff It could be horribly expensive for us to have our programmers look at code that belonged to someone else because they would then come back and say we stole it and made all this money We had lost a series of suits on this and so we didn t want to have a product which was clearly someone else s product worked on by IBM people We went to Microsoft on the proposition that we wanted this to be their product 1 citation needed IBM first contacted Microsoft to look the company over in July 1980 Negotiations continued over the months that followed and the paperwork was officially signed in early November 2 Although IBM expected that most customers would use PC DOS 3 the IBM PC also supported CP M 86 which became available six months after PC DOS 4 and UCSD p System operating systems 5 IBM s expectation proved correct one survey found that 96 3 of PCs were ordered with the US 40 PC DOS compared to 3 4 with the US 240 CP M 86 6 Over the history of IBM PC DOS various versions were developed by IBM and Microsoft By the time PC DOS 3 0 was completed IBM had a team of developers covering the full OS At that point in time either IBM or Microsoft completely developed versions of IBM PC DOS going forward By 1985 the joint development agreement JDA between IBM and Microsoft for the development of PC DOS had each company giving the other company a completely developed version Most of the time branded versions were identical but there were some cases in which each of the companies made minor modifications to their version of DOS In the fall of 1984 IBM gave all the source code and documentation of the internally developed IBM TopView for DOS to Microsoft so that Microsoft could more fully understand how to develop an object oriented operating environment overlapping windows for its development of Windows 2 0 and multitasking Version history Edit Version Release date References1 0 August 12 1981 7 1 1 1 10 May 7 1982 8 2 0 March 8 1983 9 2 1 2 10 November 1 1983 10 3 0 September 14 1984 11 3 1 3 10 April 2 1985 12 3 2 3 20 April 2 1986 13 3 3 3 30 April 2 1987 14 4 0 July 19 1988 15 5 0 June 11 1991 16 6 1 July 26 1993 17 6 3 April 27 1994 18 7 0 February 28 1995 19 2000 May 29 1998 20 Versions EditPC DOS 1 x Edit User manual and diskette for IBM PC DOS 1 1 Microsoft first licensed 21 then purchased 22 86 DOS from Seattle Computer Products SCP which was modified for the IBM PC by Microsoft employee Bob O Rear with assistance from SCP later Microsoft employee Tim Paterson 23 O Rear got 86 DOS to run on the prototype PC in February 1981 86 DOS had to be converted from 8 inch to 5 25 inch floppy disks and integrated with the BIOS which Microsoft was helping IBM to write 24 25 IBM had more people writing requirements for the computer than Microsoft had writing code O Rear often felt overwhelmed by the number of people he had to deal with at the ESD Entry Systems Division facility in Boca Raton Florida Perhaps the first public mention of the operating system was in July 1981 when Byte discussed rumors of a forthcoming personal computer with a CP M like DOS to be called simply IBM Personal Computer DOS 26 86 DOS was rebranded IBM PC DOS 1 0 for its August 1981 release with the IBM PC The initial version of DOS was largely based on CP M 80 1 x and most of its architecture function calls and file naming conventions were copied directly from the older OS The most significant difference was the fact that it introduced a different file system FAT12 Unlike all later DOS versions the DATE and TIME commands were separate executables rather than part of COMMAND COM Single sided 160 kilobyte KB 5 25 inch floppies were the only disk format supported In late 1981 Paterson now at Microsoft began writing PC DOS 1 10 It debuted in May 1982 along with the Revision B IBM PC Support for the new double sided drives was added allowing 320 KB per disk A number of bugs were fixed and error messages and prompts were made less cryptic The DEBUG utility was now able to load files greater than 64 KB in size PC DOS 2 x Edit Later a group of Microsoft programmers primarily Paul Allen Mark Zbikowski and Aaron Reynolds 25 began work on PC DOS 2 0 Completely rewritten DOS 2 0 added subdirectories and hard disk support for the new IBM XT which debuted in March 1983 A new 9 sector format bumped the capacity of floppy disks to 360 KB The Unix inspired kernel featured file handles in place of the CP M derivative file control blocks and loadable device drivers could now be used for adding hardware beyond that which the IBM PC BIOS supported BASIC and most of the utilities provided with DOS were substantially upgraded as well A major undertaking that took almost 10 months of work DOS 2 0 was more than twice as big as DOS 1 x occupying around 28 KB of RAM compared to the 12 KB of its predecessor It would form the basis for all Microsoft consumer oriented OSes until 2001 when Windows XP based on Windows NT was released 25 In October 1983 officially 1 November 1983 27 DOS 2 1 debuted It fixed some bugs and added support for half height floppy drives and the new IBM PCjr In 1983 Compaq released the Compaq Portable the first 100 IBM PC compatible and licensed their own OEM version of DOS 1 10 quickly replaced by DOS 2 00 from Microsoft Other PC compatibles followed suit most of which included hardware specific DOS features although some were generic PC DOS 3 x Edit Retail box of IBM PC DOS 3 30 In August 1984 IBM introduced the Intel 80286 derived IBM PC AT its next generation machine Along with this was DOS 3 00 Despite jumping a whole version number it again proved little more than an incremental upgrade adding nothing more substantial than support for the AT s new 1 2 megabyte MB floppy disks Planned networking capabilities in DOS 3 00 were judged too buggy to be usable and Microsoft disabled them prior to the OS s release In any case IBM s original plans for the AT had been to equip it with a proper next generation OS that would use its extended features but this never materialized 2 PC DOS 3 1 released March 1985 fixed the bugs in DOS 3 00 and supported IBM s Network Adapter card on the IBM PC Network PC DOS 3 2 added support for 3 1 2 inch double density 720 KB floppy disk drives supporting the IBM PC Convertible IBM s first computer to use 3 1 2 inch floppy disks released April 1986 and later the IBM Personal System 2 in 1987 In June 1985 IBM and Microsoft signed a long term Joint Development Agreement to share specified DOS code and create a new operating system from scratch known at the time as Advanced DOS On 2 April 1987 OS 2 was announced as the first product produced under the agreement 28 At the same time IBM released its next generation of personal computers the IBM Personal System 2 PS 2 2 PC DOS 3 3 released with the PS 2 line added support for high density 3 1 2 inch 1 44 MB floppy disk drives which IBM introduced in its 80286 based and higher PS 2 models The upgrade from DOS 3 2 to 3 3 was completely written by IBM with no development effort on the part of Microsoft who were working on Advanced DOS 1 0 DOS 3 30 was the last version designed with the IBM XT and floppy only systems in mind it became one of the most popular versions and many users preferred it to its buggy successor PC DOS 4 x Edit PC DOS 4 0 internally known as DOS 3 4 originally shipped July 1988 DOS 4 0 had some compatibility issues with low level disk utilities due to some internal data structure changes DOS 4 0 used more memory than DOS 3 30 and it also had a few glitches Newly added EMS drivers were only compatible with IBM s EMS boards and not the more common citation needed Intel and AST ones DOS 4 0 is also notable for including the first version of the DOS Shell a full screen utility designed to make the command line OS more user friendly Microsoft took back control of development and released a bug fixed DOS 4 01 29 PC DOS 5 Edit DOS 5 debuted in June 1991 DOS 5 supported the use of the High Memory Area HMA and Upper Memory Blocks UMBs on 80286 and later systems to reduce its conventional memory usage Also all DOS commands now supported the option to display command syntax Aside from IBM s PC DOS MS DOS was the only other version available as OEM editions vanished since by this time PCs were 100 compatible so customizations for hardware differences were no longer necessary This was the last version of DOS that IBM and Microsoft shared the full code for and the DOS that was integrated into OS 2 2 0 s and later Windows NT s virtual DOS machine PC DOS 6 1 Edit PC DOS remained a rebranded version of MS DOS until 1993 IBM and Microsoft parted ways MS DOS 6 was released in March and PC DOS 6 1 separately developed followed in June Most of the new features from MS DOS 6 0 appeared in PC DOS 6 1 including the new boot menu support and the new commands CHOICE DELTREE and MOVE QBasic was dropped and the MS DOS Editor was replaced with the IBM E Editor PC DOS 6 1 reports itself as DOS 6 00 PC DOS 6 3 Edit PC DOS 6 3 followed in December PC DOS 6 3 was also used in OS 2 for the PowerPC PC DOS 6 3 also featured SuperStor disk compression technology from Addstor PC DOS 7 Edit PC DOS 7 was released in April 1995 and was the last release of DOS before IBM software development other than the development IBM ViaVoice moved to Austin The REXX programming language was added as well as support for a new floppy disk format XDF which extended a standard 1 44 MB floppy disk to 1 86 MB SuperStor disk compression technology was replaced with Stac Electronics STACKER An algebraic command line calculator and a utility program to load device drivers from the command line were added PC DOS 7 also included many optimizations to increase performance and reduce memory usage 30 PC DOS 2000 Edit The most recent retail release was PC DOS 2000 released from Austin in 1998 which found its niche in the embedded software market and elsewhere PC DOS 2000 is a slipstream of 7 0 with Y2K and other fixes applied To applications PC DOS 2000 reports itself as IBM PC DOS 7 00 revision 1 in contrast to the original PC DOS 7 which reported itself as IBM PC DOS 7 00 revision 0 nb 1 Hitachi used PC DOS 2000 in their legacy Drive Fitness Test 4 15 and Hitachi Feature Tool 2 15 until 2009 31 ThinkPad products had a copy of the latest version of PC DOS in their Rescue and Recovery partition 32 PC DOS 7 1 Edit PC DOS 7 1 added support for Logical Block Addressing LBA and FAT32 partitions nb 1 Various builds from 1999 up to 2003 were not released in retail but used in products such as the IBM ServerGuide Scripting Toolkit 33 A build of this version of DOS appeared in Norton Ghost from Symantec 34 Version 7 1 indicates support for FAT32 also in MS DOS 30 Most builds of this version of DOS are limited to the kernel files IBMBIO COM IBMDOS COM and COMMAND COM The updated programs FDISK32 and FORMAT32 allow one to prepare FAT32 disks Additional utilities are taken from PC DOS 2000 where needed PC DOS as a distributed file client EditIn 1986 IBM announced PC DOS support for client access to the file services defined by Distributed Data Management Architecture DDM This enabled programs on PCs to create manage and access record oriented files available on IBM System 36 IBM System 38 and IBM mainframe computers running CICS In 1988 client support for stream oriented files and hierarchical directories was added to PC DOS when they became available on the DDM server systems See also EditTimeline of DOS operating systems Comparison of DOS operating systems List of DOS commandsNotes Edit a b For PC DOS the DOS INT 21h function 30h Get DOS version returns OEM code 00h for IBM instead of FFh for Microsoft This is particularly important for DOS 7 because various features introduced in MS DOS 7 0 and 7 1 are not supported in PC DOS 7 x and vice versa e g MS DOS does not support REXX and PC DOS 7 and 2000 do not support LBA access References Edit Jakobsen Remi The History of DOS Remi s Classic Computers My collection of vintage computers game consoles history specs and repairs Archived from the original on 2019 08 04 Retrieved 2017 11 10 a b c Wallace James Erickson Jim 1992 Hard Drive Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire John Wiley amp Sons pp 190 ISBN 0 471 56886 4 Bunnell David Hugh February March 1982 The Man Behind The Machine A PC Exclusive Interview With Software Guru Bill Gates PC Magazine p 16 Retrieved 2016 07 12 Edlin Jim June July 1982 CP M Arrives PC Magazine p 43 Retrieved 2016 07 12 Lemmons Phil October 1981 The IBM Personal Computer First Impressions Byte p 36 Retrieved 2016 07 12 CP M 86 Price Plunges to 60 PC Magazine February 1983 p 56 Retrieved 2017 10 11 Product Announcement The IBM Personal Computer PDF Press release White Plains New York IBM 1981 08 12 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Sedory Daniel 2008 08 13 IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 1 1 0 1982 The Starman s Realm Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 283 034 Press release IBM 1983 03 08 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 283 389 Press release IBM 1983 11 01 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 284 283 Press release IBM 1984 08 14 Retrieved 2023 02 08 IBM PC DOS 3 10 PCjs Machines Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 286 129 Press release IBM 1986 04 02 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 287 098 Press release IBM 1987 04 02 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 288 380 Press release IBM 1988 07 19 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number ZP91 0432 Press release IBM 1991 06 11 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 293 347 Press release IBM 1993 06 29 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number 294 263 Press release IBM 1994 04 27 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcement Letter Number ZP95 0102 Press release 1995 02 28 Retrieved 2023 02 08 Announcment Letter Number 298 169 Press release IBM 1998 05 26 Retrieved 2023 02 08 86 DOS version 0 3 1980 11 15 License Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft PDF 1981 01 06 Archived PDF from the original on 2020 02 18 Retrieved 2013 04 01 NB Published as part of the Comes v Microsoft case as exhibit 1 86 DOS Sales Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft PDF 1981 07 27 Retrieved 2013 04 01 NB Published as part of the Comes v Microsoft case as exhibit 2 3 The document also carries a typed date stamp as of 1981 07 22 Paterson Tim 2007 08 08 Is DOS a Rip Off of CP M DosMan Drivel Retrieved 2014 02 13 Allen Paul Gates Bill King Adrian Larson Chris Letwin Gordon O Rear Bob Paterson Tim Peters Chris Phillips Bruce Reynolds Aaron Stillmaker Betty Zbikowski Mark 1986 Technical advisors MS DOS Versions 1 0 3 2 Technical Reference Encyclopedia By Bornstein Howard Bredehoeft Lawrence Duncan Ray Morris Carol Rose David Socha John Tomlin Jim Vian Kathleen Wolverton Van Beley Jim Preppernau Barry Beason Pam Lewis Andrea Rygmyr David eds Microsoft Reference Library Vol 1 Original withdrawn ed Redmond Washington USA Microsoft Press ISBN 0 914845 69 1 LCCN 86 8640 OCLC 635600205 xvii 1053 pages 29 cm NB This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published Few printed copies survived It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988 1 a b c Zbikowski Mark Allen Paul Ballmer Steve Borman Reuben Borman Rob Butler John Carroll Chuck Chamberlain Mark Chell David Colee Mike Courtney Mike Dryfoos Mike Duncan Rachel Eckhardt Kurt Evans Eric Farmer Rick Gates Bill Geary Michael Griffin Bob Hogarth Doug Johnson James W Kermaani Kaamel King Adrian Koch Reed Landowski James Larson Chris Lennon Thomas Lipkie Dan McDonald Marc McKinney Bruce Martin Pascal Mathers Estelle Matthews Bob Melin David Mergentime Charles Nevin Randy Newell Dan Newell Tani Norris David O Leary Mike O Rear Bob Olsson Mike Osterman Larry Ostling Ridge Pai Sunil Paterson Tim Perez Gary Peters Chris Petzold Charles Pollock John Reynolds Aaron Rubin Darryl Ryan Ralph Schulmeisters Karl Shah Rajen Shaw Barry Short Anthony Slivka Ben Smirl Jon Stillmaker Betty Stoddard John Tillman Dennis Whitten Greg Yount Natalie Zeck Steve 1988 Technical advisors The MS DOS Encyclopedia versions 1 0 through 3 2 By Duncan Ray Bostwick Steve Burgoyne Keith Byers Robert A Hogan Thom Kyle Jim Letwin Gordon Petzold Charles Rabinowitz Chip Tomlin Jim Wilton Richard Wolverton Van Wong William Woodcock JoAnne Completely reworked ed Redmond Washington USA Microsoft Press ISBN 1 55615 049 0 LCCN 87 21452 OCLC 16581341 xix 1570 pages 26 cm NB This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors 2 Morgan Chris July 1981 IBM s Personal Computer BYTE p 6 Retrieved 2013 10 18 DOS 2 0 and 2 1 OS 2 Museum Necasek Michal 2004 06 24 Microsoft Operating System 2 With Windows Presentation Manager Provides Foundation for Next Generation of Personal Computer Industry The History of OS 2 Archived from the original on 2010 04 10 NB A copy of Microsoft s 1987 04 02 press release announcing OS 2 History of Microsoft Windows and MS DOS Miscellaneous TACKtech Corp a b Brooks Vernon C Information and history about PC DOS and MS DOS PC DOS Retro Archived from the original on 2020 02 21 Retrieved 2014 01 10 Drivers and Software for Legacy Discontinued Products HGST 2009 Archived from the original on 2014 03 04 Retrieved 2014 02 13 How to use the pre boot service partition to recover your software Lenovo Retrieved 2014 02 11 An additional undocumented feature added to the User Interface is the ability to drop directly out to a DOS prompt Pressing F3 there is no prompt for this will exit the recovery utility and go to a DOS prompt IBM ServerGuide Scripting Toolkit DOS Edition 1 3 07 IBM 2008 01 24 MIGR 53564 Archived from the original on 2016 03 11 Retrieved 2014 02 13 Create a Standard Ghost Boot Disk Symantec 2004 01 03 TECH108761 Retrieved 2014 02 13 Further reading EditIBM Corporation and Microsoft Inc DOS 3 30 User s Guide IBM Corporation 1987 Part number 80X0933 IBM Corporation and Microsoft Inc DOS 3 30 Reference Abridged IBM Corporation 1987 Part number 94X9575 IBM Corporation Getting Started with Disk Operating System Version 4 00 IBM Corporation 1988 Part number 15F1370 IBM Corporation Using Disk Operating System Version 4 00 IBM Corporation 1988 Part number 15F1371 IBM Corporation IBM Disk Operating System Version 5 0 User Guide and Reference IBM Corporation 1991 Part number 07G4584 Que Corporation IBM PC DOS and Microsoft Windows User s Guide Suzanne Weixel 2nd ed Indianapolis 1995 ISBN 0 7897 0276 2 IBM Corporation PC DOS 7 User s Guide Margaret Averett 1995 Part number 83G9260 S83G 9260 00 IBM Corporation PC DOS 7 Technical Update IBM Redbooks 1995 ISBN 0 7384 0677 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IBM PC DOS amp oldid 1153192728, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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