Hapu'upu'u or Hawaiian Grouper, 37 lbs. caught by Capt. Anthony Ballam in Northeastern Hawaii Island on November 8, 2019. This particular specimen was black with small white spots and had a bluish tinted belly.
The Hawaiian grouper was first formally described in 1901 as Epinephelus quernus by the AmericanichthyologistAlvin Seale (1871-1958) with the type locality given as Honolulu.[3] It was formerly considered to be in the genus Epinephelus but is now considered to belong to the genus Hyporthodus.[4] The specific name quernus means "oaken", presumably a reference to its reddish colour as an adult.[5]
Descriptionedit
The Hawaiian grouper has a body which has a standard length that is 2.3 to 2.7 times its depth. It has an angular preopercle which has 3-4 enlarged serrations at its angle, with the lowest pointing downwards. The upper margin of the gill cover is convex.[6] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 14-15 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays.[2] The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are deeply notched. The caudal fin is rounded. The adults are dark brown in overall colour and are marked with 8 vertical series of faint white spots which are obscured by many extra pale spots and blotches which vary in size. The fins of adults are largely plain and have a similar colour to the body apart from a small number of pale spots along the base part of the dorsal fin. Depending on habitat and where geographically found, some have a slight blue tint to their belly in the mature older adults, whereas in other areas they can have a slight reddish tint possibly for camouflage from predators.[citation needed] Juveniles are more variable in colour and may be pale greyish and the series of pale spots are more distinct and unobscured.[6] This species has a maximum published total length of 122 centimetres (48 in) and a maximum weight of 22.7 kilograms (50 lb).[2] The largest recorded specimen caught was 31.75 kilograms (70 lbs) off of Puako, Northwest Hawaii Island.[citation needed]
The Hawaiian grouper is a demersal species which is found on coral and rocky reefs at depths between 20 and 380 metres (66 and 1,247 ft). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and 50% of the females are sexually mature at 58 centimetres (23 in), when they are around 6 years old, although it has been recorded in fish at 32.8 centimetres (12.9 in). At a total length of 89.5 centimetres (35.2 in) 50% of the females change sex to become males, although this can occur at 75.3 centimetres (29.6 in). The spawning season runs from February to June, peaking in March.[1] This predatory species prefers to prey on other fishes with crustaceans, especially shrimp, as a second preference.[6]
Utilisationedit
The Hawaiian grouper is valued for having clear white flesh which has a delicate flavour.[7] It is regarded as a member of the "Deep 7" group of fish species which live in deep water, near the bottom, and are a valuable resource for fisheries in Hawaii, these species accounting for 50% of the total commercial catch in the State.[8]
Referencesedit
^ abcCraig, M.T. (2018). "Hyporthodus quernus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T44675A100468823. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T44675A100468823.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ abcFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Hyporthodus quernus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
^Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Species of Hyporthodus in FishBase. December 2019 version.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (11 March 2021). . The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
^ abcHeemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date(PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. p. 204-206. ISBN92-5-103125-8.
^"SEA BASS (HAPUʻUPUʻU)". Hawaiian Seafood. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
^Casey Harlow (28 February 2018). "Seven Bottomfish Species Thriving Around Main Hawaiian Islands". Hawaii Public Radio.
Gillgren, Jerry G.; Ballam, Anthony: Malama Charters Hilo LLC, Commercial fishing vessel "Jovan Lee" field work, Northeastern coast of Hawaii Island (12/2019-3/2020)
This Serranidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
hawaiian, grouper, hyporthodus, quernus, also, known, hawaiian, black, grouper, seale, grouper, hapuʻupuʻu, species, marine, finned, fish, grouper, from, subfamily, epinephelinae, which, part, family, serranidae, which, also, includes, anthias, basses, endemic. The Hawaiian grouper Hyporthodus quernus also known as the Hawaiian black grouper Seale s grouper or Hapuʻupuʻu is a species of marine ray finned fish a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae which also includes the anthias and sea basses It is endemic to Hawaii Hawaiian grouper Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Family Serranidae Subfamily Epinephelinae Genus Hyporthodus Species H quernus Binomial name Hyporthodus quernus Seale 1901 Synonyms 2 Epinephelus quernus Seale 1901 Hapu upu u or Hawaiian Grouper 37 lbs caught by Capt Anthony Ballam in Northeastern Hawaii Island on November 8 2019 This particular specimen was black with small white spots and had a bluish tinted belly Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution 4 Habitat and biology 5 Utilisation 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe Hawaiian grouper was first formally described in 1901 as Epinephelus quernus by the American ichthyologist Alvin Seale 1871 1958 with the type locality given as Honolulu 3 It was formerly considered to be in the genus Epinephelus but is now considered to belong to the genus Hyporthodus 4 The specific name quernus means oaken presumably a reference to its reddish colour as an adult 5 Description editThe Hawaiian grouper has a body which has a standard length that is 2 3 to 2 7 times its depth It has an angular preopercle which has 3 4 enlarged serrations at its angle with the lowest pointing downwards The upper margin of the gill cover is convex 6 The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 14 15 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays 2 The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are deeply notched The caudal fin is rounded The adults are dark brown in overall colour and are marked with 8 vertical series of faint white spots which are obscured by many extra pale spots and blotches which vary in size The fins of adults are largely plain and have a similar colour to the body apart from a small number of pale spots along the base part of the dorsal fin Depending on habitat and where geographically found some have a slight blue tint to their belly in the mature older adults whereas in other areas they can have a slight reddish tint possibly for camouflage from predators citation needed Juveniles are more variable in colour and may be pale greyish and the series of pale spots are more distinct and unobscured 6 This species has a maximum published total length of 122 centimetres 48 in and a maximum weight of 22 7 kilograms 50 lb 2 The largest recorded specimen caught was 31 75 kilograms 70 lbs off of Puako Northwest Hawaii Island citation needed Distribution editThe Hawaiian grouper is endemic to Hawaii and its range includes the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the Johnston Atoll 1 Habitat and biology editThe Hawaiian grouper is a demersal species which is found on coral and rocky reefs at depths between 20 and 380 metres 66 and 1 247 ft It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and 50 of the females are sexually mature at 58 centimetres 23 in when they are around 6 years old although it has been recorded in fish at 32 8 centimetres 12 9 in At a total length of 89 5 centimetres 35 2 in 50 of the females change sex to become males although this can occur at 75 3 centimetres 29 6 in The spawning season runs from February to June peaking in March 1 This predatory species prefers to prey on other fishes with crustaceans especially shrimp as a second preference 6 Utilisation editThe Hawaiian grouper is valued for having clear white flesh which has a delicate flavour 7 It is regarded as a member of the Deep 7 group of fish species which live in deep water near the bottom and are a valuable resource for fisheries in Hawaii these species accounting for 50 of the total commercial catch in the State 8 References edit a b c Craig M T 2018 Hyporthodus quernus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T44675A100468823 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T44675A100468823 en Retrieved 17 November 2021 a b c Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Hyporthodus quernus in FishBase December 2019 version Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Epinephelus quernus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 21 July 2020 Froese Rainer and Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Species of Hyporthodus in FishBase December 2019 version Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 11 March 2021 Order Perciformes Suborder Serranodei Family Serranidae part 2 The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Archived from the original on 31 January 2022 Retrieved 12 August 2021 a b c Heemstra P C amp J E Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue Vol 16 Groupers of the world family Serranidae subfamily Epinephelinae An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper rockcod hind coral grouper and lyretail species known to date PDF FAO Fish Synopsis Vol 125 FAO Rome p 204 206 ISBN 92 5 103125 8 SEA BASS HAPUʻUPUʻU Hawaiian Seafood Retrieved 21 July 2020 Casey Harlow 28 February 2018 Seven Bottomfish Species Thriving Around Main Hawaiian Islands Hawaii Public Radio Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H 08 06 19 p http www pifsc noaa gov Gillgren Jerry G Ballam Anthony Malama Charters Hilo LLC Commercial fishing vessel Jovan Lee field work Northeastern coast of Hawaii Island 12 2019 3 2020 nbsp This Serranidae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hawaiian grouper amp oldid 1170305550, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
