Hovenia dulcis, the Japanese raisin tree or oriental raisin tree, is a hardy tree found in Asia, from Eastern China (萬壽果; pinyin: wànshòuguǒ) and Korea (헛개나무, heotgae namu) to the Himalayas (up to altitudes of 2,000 m), growing preferably in a sunny position on moist sandy or loamy soils. The tree known for its health benefits when consumed in tea, introduced as an ornamental tree to several countries, also bears edible fruit. It is considered to be one of the most pervasive invaders in Brazilian subtropical forests.[1]
Tree, rarely a shrub, deciduous, to 10–30 m tall. Branchlets brown or black-purple, glabrous, with inconspicuous lenticels. The glossy leaves are large and pointed. The trees bear clusters of small cream-coloured hermaphroditic flowers in July. The drupes appear at the ends of an edible rachis (fleshy fruit stalk), which is a type of accessory fruit.
Usesedit
The fleshy rachis of the infructescence is sweet, fragrant and is edible raw or cooked. Dried, they look and taste like raisins. An extract of the seeds, bough and young leaves can be used as a substitute for honey[2] and is used for making wine and candy.
The timber is fine and hard and is used for building construction and fine furniture.
It has been used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicines to treat fever, parasitic infection, as a laxative, and a treatment of liver diseases, and as a hangover treatment.[4]
Reforestationedit
In Thailand Hovenia dulcis is relatively rare, typically found in the stream-irrigated valleys of primary lower mountain evergreen forest located between 1,075 and 1,250 metres above sea level. However, it is one of 30 potential species identified as a substitute for Eucalyptus spp., commonly planted for reforestation, that would meet the demand for rapid growth while not disturbing the ecological balance.[5][6]
In Thailand Hovenia dulcis grows at roughly the same rate as eucalyptus, reaching six metres in height within three years.[5] One major asset is that the growth form of the tree allows other species to regenerate nearby. Furthermore, the tree is known to attract several varieties both of birds and of mammals which feed on the seeds and fruit.[7] As well as promoting faunal diversity, this process assists in improving soil fertility through humification.[5]
^Cf. Dechoum M, T Castellani, S Zabra, M Rejmànek, N Peronni & J Tamashiro (2014) Community structure, succession and invasibility in a seasonal deciduous forest in southern Brazil. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biological Invasions (Neobiota 2014), p. 8.
^Facciola, Stephen (1990-11-01). Cornucopia: a source book of edible plants. Kampong Publication. ISBN0-9628087-0-9.
^Hyun TK et al. Hovenia dulcis--an Asian traditional herb. Planta Med. 2010 Jul;76(10):943-9. PMID 20379955
^ abc. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
^G. Pakkad, S. Elliott, V. Anusarnsunthorn "FOREST RESTORATION PLANTING IN NORTHERN THAILAND" in Proceedings of the Southeast Asian Moving Workshop on Conservation, Management and Utilization of Forest Genetic Resources 25 February-10 March 2001, Thailand
^"The fruits, seeds and seedlings of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae)." Nat. Hist. Bull.Siam Soc. 44:41–52 1996
Further readingedit
Anthony Julian Huxley; Mark Griffiths (1992-04-01). Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN978-0-333-47494-5.
Fang, Hsun-Lang; Lin, Hui-Yi; Chan, Ming-Che; Lin, Wei-Li and Lin, Wen-Chuan. "Treatment of chronic liver injuries in mice by oral administration of ethanolic extract of the fruit of Hovenia dulcis. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35.4 (2007): 693-703.
Koller, G.L. and Alexander, J.H. "The raisin tree: Its use, hardiness and size."Arnoldia 39.1 (Jan/Feb 1979): 6–15.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hovenia dulcis.
January 01, 1970
hovenia, dulcis, japanese, raisin, tree, oriental, raisin, tree, hardy, tree, found, asia, from, eastern, china, 萬壽果, pinyin, wànshòuguǒ, korea, 헛개나무, heotgae, namu, himalayas, altitudes, growing, preferably, sunny, position, moist, sandy, loamy, soils, tree, . Hovenia dulcis the Japanese raisin tree or oriental raisin tree is a hardy tree found in Asia from Eastern China 萬壽果 pinyin wanshouguǒ and Korea 헛개나무 heotgae namu to the Himalayas up to altitudes of 2 000 m growing preferably in a sunny position on moist sandy or loamy soils The tree known for its health benefits when consumed in tea introduced as an ornamental tree to several countries also bears edible fruit It is considered to be one of the most pervasive invaders in Brazilian subtropical forests 1 Hovenia dulcis Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Rosales Family Rhamnaceae Genus Hovenia Species H dulcis Binomial name Hovenia dulcisThunb Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 2 1 Reforestation 3 Synonyms 4 See also 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDescription edit nbsp Hovenia dulcis Tree rarely a shrub deciduous to 10 30 m tall Branchlets brown or black purple glabrous with inconspicuous lenticels The glossy leaves are large and pointed The trees bear clusters of small cream coloured hermaphroditic flowers in July The drupes appear at the ends of an edible rachis fleshy fruit stalk which is a type of accessory fruit Uses editThe fleshy rachis of the infructescence is sweet fragrant and is edible raw or cooked Dried they look and taste like raisins An extract of the seeds bough and young leaves can be used as a substitute for honey 2 and is used for making wine and candy An extract of the leaves contains hodulcine a glycoside which exhibits an anti sweet activity 3 The timber is fine and hard and is used for building construction and fine furniture It has been used in traditional Chinese Korean and Japanese medicines to treat fever parasitic infection as a laxative and a treatment of liver diseases and as a hangover treatment 4 Reforestation edit In Thailand Hovenia dulcis is relatively rare typically found in the stream irrigated valleys of primary lower mountain evergreen forest located between 1 075 and 1 250 metres above sea level However it is one of 30 potential species identified as a substitute for Eucalyptus spp commonly planted for reforestation that would meet the demand for rapid growth while not disturbing the ecological balance 5 6 In Thailand Hovenia dulcis grows at roughly the same rate as eucalyptus reaching six metres in height within three years 5 One major asset is that the growth form of the tree allows other species to regenerate nearby Furthermore the tree is known to attract several varieties both of birds and of mammals which feed on the seeds and fruit 7 As well as promoting faunal diversity this process assists in improving soil fertility through humification 5 Synonyms editHovenia inequalis DC See also editExocarpos cupressiformisGallery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp References edit Cf Dechoum M T Castellani S Zabra M Rejmanek N Peronni amp J Tamashiro 2014 Community structure succession and invasibility in a seasonal deciduous forest in southern Brazil Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biological Invasions Neobiota 2014 p 8 Facciola Stephen 1990 11 01 Cornucopia a source book of edible plants Kampong Publication ISBN 0 9628087 0 9 Lyn O Brien Nabors 2001 06 01 Alternative Sweeteners 3e CRC PressI Llc ISBN 978 0 8247 0437 7 Hyun TK et al Hovenia dulcis an Asian traditional herb Planta Med 2010 Jul 76 10 943 9 PMID 20379955 a b c Kamol Sukin Tropical Feast Archived from the original on 2015 08 24 Retrieved 2011 05 24 G Pakkad S Elliott V Anusarnsunthorn FOREST RESTORATION PLANTING IN NORTHERN THAILAND in Proceedings of the Southeast Asian Moving Workshop on Conservation Management and Utilization of Forest Genetic Resources 25 February 10 March 2001 Thailand The fruits seeds and seedlings of Hovenia dulcis Thunb Rhamnaceae Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 44 41 52 1996Further reading editAnthony Julian Huxley Mark Griffiths 1992 04 01 Dictionary of Gardening ISBN 978 0 333 47494 5 Macoboy Stirling 1986 What Tree is That ISBN 978 1 86302 131 9 Fang Hsun Lang Lin Hui Yi Chan Ming Che Lin Wei Li and Lin Wen Chuan Treatment of chronic liver injuries in mice by oral administration of ethanolic extract of the fruit of Hovenia dulcis American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35 4 2007 693 703 Koller G L and Alexander J H The raisin tree Its use hardiness and size Arnoldia 39 1 Jan Feb 1979 6 15 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hovenia dulcis Flora of China Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hovenia dulcis amp oldid 1214803202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
