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Dynastic order

December 02, 2023

Not to be confused with royal family order.

A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate fons honorum, a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family.[1] These are often considered part of the cultural patrimony of the ruling family.[2] Dynastic orders were often founded or maintained to reward service to a monarch or their subsequent dynasty.[3]

A national or state order is the equivalent term for orders (e.g., of merit) conferred by sovereign states but not bestowed by ruling dynasties.

In personal gift of sovereign edit

Dynastic orders are under the exclusive control of a monarch and are bestowed without the advice of the political leadership (prime minister or cabinet).[4] A recent report by the British Government mentioned that there is "one remaining exercise that has been identified of the Monarch's truly personal, executive prerogative: that is, the conferment of certain honours that remain within [the Sovereign’s] gift (the Orders of Merit, of the Garter, of the Thistle and the Royal Victorian Order)."[5]

Generally, dynastic or house Orders are granted by the monarch for whatever reason the monarch may deem appropriate[6] whereas other orders, often called Merit Orders, are granted on the recommendation of government officials to recognize individual accomplishments or services to the nation.[7]

Portugal edit

The term dynastic order is also used for those orders that continue to be bestowed by former monarchs and their descendants after they have been removed from power.[8] For instance, the website of Duarte Pio de Bragança,[9] a pretender to the throne of Portugal using the title Duke of Braganza, asserts that the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa,[10] "being a Dynastic Order of the House of Bragança and not an Order of State, continued to be conferred by the last King Dom Manuel II, in the exile." On the basis of his succession to King Manuel II, Duarte Pio continues to award those orders of the Kingdom of Portugal[11] not taken over by the Portuguese Republic.[12]

The Portuguese Republic views things somewhat differently, regarding all the royal orders as extinct following the 5 October 1910 revolution with some of them revived in republican form in 1918.[13] For official purposes, Portugal simply ignores the orders awarded by the royal pretender, Duarte Pio.[12] Although no one is prosecuted for accepting orders from Dom Duarte, including himself, Portuguese law requires government permission to accept any official award, either from Portugal or foreign powers; the awards of Dom Duarte simply do not appear anywhere on either list.[14]

Italy edit

A similar situation exists in Italy, where the Republican Government regards the orders of the former kings to have been abolished[15] but the last king's heir continues to award them.[16] However, the Italian situation is unique, since the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus is one of the few orders of knighthood that has been explicitly recognized by a papal bull, in which Pope Gregory XII gave the House of Savoy the right to confer that knighthood in perpetuity.[17] Thus, under principles of international law, the Italian heir to the throne in exile asserts that control of the Savoy dynastic orders exists separate from the Kingdom of Italy so that he retains the right to award the orders, and accompanying privileges."[18] The royal family of Savoy additionally have the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation which is their highest ranked order of Knighthood. In addition to this the Order of Merit of Savoy is a Dynastic order knighthood given out by the head of the Royal House of Savoy, Order of chivalry. Following the demise of the last reigning monarch Umberto II of Italy in 1983, the Order of the Crown of Italy was replaced in 1988 by the Order of Merit of Savoy which was instituted by his heir, the current head of the former Royal House, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples.[19] While the Ordine al merito d'Savoia it has never been a national order, it is subsidiary to the Civil Order of Savoy which was the Order of Merit and it has around 2,000 members and, as with the Order of the Crown of Italy previously, it is entrusted to the Chancellor of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

In addition to this Italy contains orders of the royal House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies which still confer their Dynastic Knightly orders. The most interesting of which is the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George because the Italian Republic recognises the order as an Order of Chivalry under Law n° 178 of 1951 authorises the Italian citizens awarded with the Constantinian decoration to show them as authoritatively recognised also by the Italian State Council in its decision number 1869/81. Therefore those citizens lawfully awarded with Constantinian decorations can ask to use them on the territory of the Italian Republic by Presidential Decree or Decree of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. By Decree of the President of the Republic, in 1973 the National Italian Association of the Knights of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George.[20] Additionally there is the Royal Order of Francis I of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. One branch of the family (led by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro) claims that the Order of Francis I was attached to the crown not the state, and thus awards it as a dynastic order.[21] The other branch (led by Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria) regards the Order of Francis I as a state order that became extinct when the Borbon-Two Sicilies royal family accepted the abolition of their monarchy and the state's inclusion in the Kingdom of Italy.[22]

Russia edit

A third situation of mutual co-existence is maintained in Russia, where, since the fall of communism, the orders of Saint Andrew, Saint George, and Saint Catherine have been reinvented as State Orders of Merit of the Russian Federation. However, the Russian Imperial Orders of Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint Catherine, Saint Anna, Saint Vladimir, and Saint Stanislav have continued to be awarded since the revolution by the successive heads of the Imperial House of Romanov Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna. In addition, Dynastic Orders of Knighthood were revived and new ones created under Grand Duke Kirill (Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker), Grand Duke Vladimir (Order of St. Michael the Archangel), and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna (Order of St. Anastasia). Awards of these honours are allowed to be worn in Russia, and enjoy semi-official recognition by the church and the state; for example, on 14 December 2001 the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation legalized the wearing of the Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker in Russia by military persons on active duty.[23]

Central Europe edit

In Central Europe, the head of the Habsburg family had the right to dispose of the Order of the Golden Fleece even after 1918. The very extensive treasure and the associated archive are in the Vienna Treasury. The Republic of Austria has expressly confirmed this. During the Nazi era, many Habsburg goods and orders were expropriated and dissolved. The USSR maintained this state of affairs during the Cold War to prevent any opposition among its oppressed peoples. After the collapse of communism, the order of St. George was reactivated by the Habsburg family as a Central European dynasty order. With both the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of St. George, deserved personalities are made knights today.[24][25][26][27][28]

Various dynastic orders edit

There are many dynastic orders of knighthood, primarily in Europe.[29] Today, dynastic orders include those still being bestowed by a reigning monarch, those bestowed by the head of a royal house in exile, and those that became extinct. Although it is sometimes asserted that the heads of former reigning houses retain the right to their dynastic orders but cannot create new ones,[30] that view is challenged by others who believe that the power to create orders remains with a dynasty forever.[31] In a few cases, formerly reigning families are accused of "fudging" the issue by claiming to revive long extinct orders[32] or by changing non-dynastic state orders into dynastic ones.[33] One example of this is the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing,[34] which is sometimes described as a revival of a long dormant order last awarded in the eighteenth century[35] but also described as a new order created in 2004.[36] Finally, there is the example of a Russian pretender Maria Vladimirovna who published a decree on 20 August 2010 to create the entirely new Imperial Order of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia.[37]

Bestowed by the Holy See edit

Main article: Papal orders of knighthood

Although some former royal families and their supporters claim that Roman Catholic Church formally recognizes their right to award various orders, the Vatican denies all such assertions.[38] On 16 October 2012, the Vatican Secretary of State renewed its formal announcement that it only recognizes the orders issued by the Pope, namely:[38]

Under Papal protection edit

Explicitly Recognized by Papal Bull edit

The Secretary of State cautioned that "other orders, whether of recent origin or mediaeval foundation, are not recognised by the Holy See...To avoid any possible doubts, even owing to illicit issuing of documents or the inappropriate use of sacred places, and to prevent the continuation of abuses which may result in harm to people of good faith, the Holy See confirms that it attributes absolutely no value whatsoever to certificates of membership or insignia issued by these groups, and it considers inappropriate the use of churches or chapels for their so-called 'ceremonies of investiture.'"[38]

Bestowed by current sovereign monarch edit

Bestowed by current reigning non-ruling monarch edit

Bestowed by head of formerly reigning dynasty edit

 
Grand Cross of the Order of the Eagle of Georgia

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Geller, Jonny (24 June 2010). "Bonington awarded the Royal Victorian Order". News. Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency. Retrieved 27 November 2012. The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry recognising distinguished personal service to the order's Sovereign
  2. ^ a b Covert, Glen (15 May 2008). The Habsburg Most Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece: Its potential relevance on modern culture in the European Union (PDF). Ljubljana, Slovenia: The Historical Seminar, Scientific Research Center, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. pp. 40–41. Retrieved 27 November 2012. But the world has changed somewhat since 1430 including that the Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece is not a reigning monarch: Archduke Karl of Austria....Nevertheless, only briefly in Der österreichische Orden vom Goldenen Vlies. Geschichte und Probleme (1971) did Annemarie Weber characterize its nature as an entity with an Austria-recognized international legal personality, its existence dependent upon its recognition in international politics.
  3. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (31 December 1985). Orders of Knighthood Awards, and the Holy See. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions, Inc. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-905715-26-1. Dynastic Orders of Knighthood are a category of Orders belonging to the heraldic patrimony of a dynasty, often held by ancient right. These differ from the early military and religious Orders and from the later Orders of Merit belonging to a particular State, having been instituted to reward personal services rendered to a dynasty or an ancient Family of princely rank
  4. ^ Duren, Peter Bander van (1987). The cross on the sword : supplement to 'Orders of Knighthood, awards and the Holy See' [third edition]. Gerrards Cross: Van Duren. pp. 2–17. ISBN 9780905715322.
  5. ^ a b c d e . Ministry of Justice. 2009-10-15. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  6. ^ . Chancellery of the Netherlands Orders. 2001-08-15. Archived from the original on 2011-04-25. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  7. ^ . Chancellery of the Netherlands Orders. 2001-08-15. Archived from the original on 2011-09-02. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  8. ^ Duren, Peter Bander van (1995). Orders of knighthood and of merit : the pontifical, religious and secularised Catholic-founded Orders and their relationship to the Apostolic See. Gerrards Cross: Smythe. p. 217. ISBN 9780861403714.
  9. ^ Conservatória dos Registos Centrais - Registo fraudulento de nacionalidade, accessed 20 January 2011.
  10. ^ Serafin, Thomas J. "Knighthood Bestowed". Saints Alive. USA Territorial Headquarters of the ICHR/USA. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
  11. ^ Rodrigues Lima, Carlos (2009-01-09). . Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-01-21. No processo cível, a Casa Real invocou que a expressão..."o uso das insígnias e denominações das Ordens Dinásticas são pertença da Casa Real portuguesa e do senhor D. Duarte". (In civil proceedings, the Royal House has argued..."the use of emblems and names of the Dynastic Orders are owned by the Portuguese Royal House and Dom Duarte.")
  12. ^ a b (PDF). Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Presidência da República. 2006–2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  13. ^ . Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Presidência da República. 2006–2010. Archived from the original on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  14. ^ (PDF). Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Presidência da República. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2011-01-20., (PDF). Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Presidência da República. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  15. ^ "L. 3 marzo 1951, n. 178 (1). Istituzione dell'Ordine "Al merito della Repubblica italiana" e disciplina del conferimento e dell'uso delle onorificenze (2)". Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  16. ^ John Hooper (2006-06-23). "The fall of the house of Savoy". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  17. ^ "Order of Saint Lazarus: Primary sources" (PDF).
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  19. ^ Bennett, Eric (2005-04-07), "Savoy Ballroom", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43280, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2022-09-20
  20. ^ Deym, Maximilian (2020-12-13), "Annotazioni sul Sacro Militare Ordine Constantiniano di San Giorgio", Sapientia, Temperantia, Fortitvdo, Ivstitia, Wien: Böhlau Verlag, pp. 618–640, doi:10.7767/9783205210641.618, ISBN 978-3-205-21062-7, S2CID 230545188, retrieved 2022-09-20
  21. ^ . Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Delegation for Great Britain and Ireland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2011-01-21. Royal Order of Francis I remains an ancient, dynastic and internationally recognised institution. The Order, which is neither a state decoration of the Italian Republic or the Holy See, has continued to be conferred long after the overthrow of King Francesco II, in 1861. Today the Order is bestowed by HRH The Duke of Castro, as Head of the Royal Houseof Bourbon of the Two Sicilies, and a great-great-great grandson of the Order's founder.
  22. ^ . The Royal House of the Two Sicilies. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2011-01-21. The Order was not awarded after 1920, however, and as a state merit award was allowed to become extinct
  23. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair, ed. (2006). World Orders of Knighthood and Merit. Burke's. ISBN 0-9711966-7-2.
  24. ^ Peter Diem "Die Symbole Österreichs (German - The symbols of Austria)" (1995), p 214.
  25. ^ Johannes Krejci "Aus der Geschichte des Alten Ordens vom St. Georg.", Wien 2002
  26. ^ Frank Millard "The Palace and the Bunker: Royal Resistance to Hitler" 2011.
  27. ^ Homepage of the St. Georgsorden
  28. ^ Birgit Schwarz "Hitlers Sonderauftrag Ostmark: Kunstraub und Museumspolitik im Nationalsozialismus" (2018), p 129; James Longo "Hitler and the Habsburgs: The Fuhrer's Vendetta Against the Austrian Royals" (2018).
  29. ^ Lantz, Gunnar Boalt, Robert Eriksson, Harry Glück, Herman (1972). The European orders of chivalry. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U.P. pp. 1–17. ISBN 978-0809305063.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Trost, Ernst & Franz Goëss (1983). Das blieb vom Doppeladler: 04-Der Orden vom Goldenen Vlies (in German). Vienna, Austria: Österreichischer Rundfunk. Archived from the original (Videocassette) on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  31. ^ See, for instance, the website of Maria Vladimirovna, a pretender to the throne of Russia announcing the creation of an entirely new order of knighthood in 2010, . www.imperialhouse.ru/. 2010-08-20. Archived from the original on 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
  32. ^ For an example of such discussions see, Anderson, James (1732). Royal genealogies: or, The genealogical tables of emperors, kings and princes, from Adam to these times; in two parts. London: James Bettenham. pp. ix. Retrieved 9 December 2011. St Michael's Wing in Portugal founded by the said King Alphonse 1165 or 1171 after his obtaining a notable Victory over Moors and Alberto King of Seville in which Battle MICHAEL the Arch Angel is said to appear on the right Side of Alphonse and fight against them. This Order is now out of use. (1732), Gieseler, John C. L. (also known as Johann K.L. Gieseler (2009). A Text-Book of Church History. BiblioBazaar. pp. 447–48. ISBN 978-1-116-21129-0., and Almeida, Gomes Abrunhosa Marques de and Manuel Ângelo (2007). Precedentes histórico-teóricos dos regionalismos dos Açores e da Galiza. Santiago de Compostela: Univ Santiago de Compostela. p. 187.
  33. ^ Velde, François R (2003-11-24). "Royal Order of Francis I". rec.heraldry. Retrieved 2011-01-21. It is an order of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a political entity that disappeared 143 years ago. There are currently rival claimants to be head of the dynasty that once ruled the Two Sicilies, and one claimant has of late begun to bestow that order, although it had been discontinued. The fact that it was clearly a state order, and that it fell into disuse for so long before being resurrected by one claimant, makes it a little odd.
  34. ^ a b Rodrigues Lima, Carlos (2009-01-09). . Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-01-21. Juíza vinca que Portugal é uma República, desvalorizando herança. O Tribunal Cível de Lisboa acaba de dar razão a Nuno da Câmara Pereira num conflito que o opunha a D. Duarte de Bragança, obrigando este último a desistir da denominação Real Ordem de São Miguel de Ala, uma ordem que criou em 2004. (Judge stresses that Portugal is a Republic, and values heritage. The Civil Court of Lisbon has just ruled in favor of Nuno da Câmara Pereira in a conflict with Dom Duarte de Bragança, forcing the latter to give up the name the Royal Order of Saint Michael of the Wing, an order created in 2004.)
  35. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "A Summary of the Use of the Royal Prerogative, Its Use by the Heirs to Former Thrones, and by Republican or Revolutionary Regimes". www.chivalricorders.org. Retrieved 2011-01-21. re-established a long dormant Order, that of Saint Michael of the Wing, with members across Europe and a handful in the United States (now reformed as an Association rather than an Order)
  36. ^ Rodrigues Lima, Carlos (2009-01-09). . Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-01-21. Real Ordem de São Miguel de Ala, uma ordem que criou em 2004. (Royal Order of Saint Michael of the Wing, an order created in 2004.)
  37. ^ . www.imperialhouse.ru/. 2010-08-20. Archived from the original on 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
  38. ^ a b c "Note of Clarification from the Secretariat of State". news.va. Pontifical Council for Social Communication. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012. Vatican City, (VIS) – In response to frequent requests for information concerning the recognition by the Holy See of Equestrian Orders dedicated to the saints or to holy places, the Secretariat of State considers it opportune to reiterate what has already been published, namely that, other than its own Equestrian Orders (the Supreme Order of Christ, the Order of the Golden Spur, the Pian Order, the Order of Saint Gregory the Great, and the Order of Pope Saint Sylvester), the Holy See recognises and supports only the Sovereign Military Order of Malta – also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta – and the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. The Holy See foresees no additions or innovations in this regard. All other orders, whether of recent origin or mediaeval foundation, are not recognised by the Holy See. Furthermore, the Holy See does not guarantee their historical or juridical legitimacy, their ends or organisational structures. To avoid any possible doubts, even owing to illicit issuing of documents or the inappropriate use of sacred places, and to prevent the continuation of abuses which may result in harm to people of good faith, the Holy See confirms that it attributes absolutely no value whatsoever to certificates of membership or insignia issued by these groups, and it considers inappropriate the use of churches or chapels for their so-called "ceremonies of investiture".
  39. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (31 December 1985). Orders of Knighthood Awards, and the Holy See. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions, Inc. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-905715-26-1.
  40. ^ Information and Press Service of the Luxembourg Government. "Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" (PDF). Ministry of State/Information and Press Service of the Luxembourg Government. Retrieved 2011-01-21. The brevet is awarded in agreement with the head of the Ottonian branch of the House of Nassau (The Netherlands).
  41. ^ The Royal House of Denmark. . The Danish Monarchy. Kongehuset. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2011-01-21. Now, as always, the decision to award an Order remains with the Master of the Order, HM The Queen, and is hers alone.
  42. ^ The Government Information Service (RVD) (2011-01-13). . Dutch Royal House. Ministry of General Affairs of the Netherlands. Archived from the original on 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-01-21. There are two such orders...the Order of the House of Orange... conferred on persons who have rendered special service to the Royal House...The Queen is Grand Master of the Order of the House of Orange.
  43. ^ a b c "Royal Orders & Honorary Titles of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom".
  44. ^ Arnold, Clarisa Sands (2009). Four girls in europe : four girls in europe. [S.l.]: Iuniverse Inc. p. 231. ISBN 9781440186585. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  45. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (1984). Bander van Duren, Peter (ed.). "The Royal House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach)". Orders of Knighthood, Awards and the Holy See. Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire: Van Duren: 152–53. ISBN 0905715233. The Royal House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach)...The Order of St George, Defender of the Faith in the Immaculate Conception...The Order of St Hubert
  46. ^ a b Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (1984). Bander van Duren, Peter (ed.). "The Royal House of Bourbon-Orleans". Orders of Knighthood, Awards and the Holy See. Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire: Van Duren: 154–56. ISBN 0905715233. The Royal House of Bourbon-Orleans, The Order of the Holy Ghost...The Order of St. Michael of France
  47. ^ État présent de la maison de Bourbon. Quatrième édition. Paris, Le Léopard d’or, 1991; p. 222: « Louis XIX, Henri V, Charles XI et Jaques I continuèrent à donner l’ordre dans la discrétion et en 1972, Jacques-Henri VI suivit leur exemple, sont fils Alphonse II faisant de même. L’État présent… donne ensuite le nom de quatre chevaliers, créés par lettres patentes de 1972 et 1973.
  48. ^ Warner, Gerald (29 May 2010). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2012. The Duke and Duchess of Anjou and their daughter were recently received in private audience by Pope Benedict XVI, when the head of the Bourbon dynasty wore the cordon and plaque of the Order of the Holy Ghost, of which he claims to be hereditary Grand Master. This news will give immense pleasure to French legitimists and traditionalists who have never abandoned the principles of Throne and Altar and for whom Louis XX is the embodiment of the France of Saint Louis and his descendants, the Most Christian Kings.
  49. ^ . Institut du Duc d'Anjou. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012. En qualité de chef de la Maison de Bourbon, il est le Grand-maître des ordres de Saint-Michel (fondé par Louis XI) et du Saint-Esprit (fondé par Henri III).
  50. ^ "Order Eagle of Georgia". Royal family of Georgia.
  51. ^ "Login".
  52. ^ "Archduchess Regina von Habsburg". The Telegraph. 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2011-01-26. Archduchess Regina von Habsburg....was Protectress of the Order of the Starry Cross, an all-female Roman Catholic order founded in the 17th century; Grand Mistress of the Order of Elisabeth, a similar organisation
  53. ^ Opfell, Olga S (2001). Royalty Who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 8–10. ISBN 978-0-7864-0901-3.
  54. ^ "Archduchess Regina von Habsburg". The Telegraph. 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2011-01-26. Although Otto was the heir to the Austrian Empire, he was unusual among "pretenders" in electing to ignore his aristocratic title, preferring to style himself Dr Otto von Habsburg; in 1979 he was voted into the European Parliament as Christian Democrat member for North Bavaria and served for the next 20 years, becoming the highly-regarded Father of the House and its only member to have been born before the First World War. He never claimed the throne of Austria, and in 2000 renounced his sovereignty of the Order of the Golden Fleece, the last sign of his leadership of the Imperial Family.
  55. ^ "Archduchess Regina von Habsburg". The Telegraph. 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2011-01-26. She herself was Protectress of the Order of the Starry Cross, an all-female Roman Catholic order founded in the 17th century
  56. ^ Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (2004-01-17). Uncrowned emperor: the life and times of Otto von Habsburg. London: Hambledon & London. pp. 234. ISBN 978-1-85285-439-3. After Regina, she will be the head of our Order!
  57. ^ "Constantinian Order knights decreed into Royal Order of Danilo I of Montenegro". The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George: Delegation for Great Britain and Ireland. London: The Chancery of Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Delegation of Great Britain and Ireland. 31 December 2007. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012. Podgorica – December 2007. HRH Crown Prince Nicholas II of Montenegro has decreed three delegation Knights into the Royal Order of Danilo I. The awards of Knight Grand Cross have been awarded to the Constantinian Order's Grand Magistral Delegate for Inter-Religious Relations, HE Anthony Bailey, and to HE Ambassador Dr Peter Löw. Dr Martin Vorderwülbecke was decreed to the rank of Knight Commander. The awards were made in recognition of their contribution to interfaith and charitable work within Montenegro. The Montenegro dynasty ruled from 1711 and in 2007 Montenegro regained its full independence following a referendum to separate from Serbia. The first Montenegrin state Order was established by HRH Prince Danilo Petrovic in 1853, as the Order of Danilo I for the independence of Montenegro in 1852-53. This Decoration is still awarded to prominent champions of the preservation of Montenegrin independence and the conditions by which the Order is awarded were defined by Statute. Many deserving men and women have been awarded the Order of Prince Danilo I over time including foreigners. The illustrious list includes many decorated servicemen during the World Wars and a host of other notables, including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII of Great Britain. Recent recipients include HE The President of the Republic of Montenegro, HMEH Fra' Andrew Bertie, Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta, HSH Sovereign Prince Albert II of Monaco, HRH The Duke of Braganza, HRH The Count of Paris and other senior members of reigning and non-reigning dynasties. The Order is recognised by the Republic of Montenegro.
  58. ^ . orderofdanilo.org. Cetinje, Montenegro: Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro. 5 March 2009. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2012. The Order is given to members of the Dynasty and kinsmen exclusively and is not an Order that is generally given beyond that. The Order was not bestowed in 1996 while Montenegro remained a non-sovereign state. In 2008, celebrating the passage of 300 years since the first Petrovic Njegoš rulers ascent, the Crown Prince of Montenegro bestowed the Order in recognition of this landmark.
  59. ^ . orderofdanilo.org. Cetinje, Montenegro: Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro. 2 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2012. The Order of Saint Peter is the House Order of the Royal House of Montenegro and the present Grand Master is H.R.H. Crown Prince Nikola of Montenegro and the Grand Chancellor is John Gvozdenović Kennedy. The Order consists of a single class, and is normally reserved for members of the Royal Family and their kinsmen and in exceptional circumstances prominent foreign citizens.
  60. ^ "HRH Prince Carlos Hugo". The Telegraph. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2011-01-26. He also claimed to be head of the Constantinian Order of St George.
  61. ^ Conforti, Paolo (2007). I Borbone Parma Gran Maestri del Sacro Angelico Imperiale Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio. www.borboneparma.it.
  62. ^ . Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone Parma (in Italian). www.borboneparma.it. 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  63. ^ Haffner, Paul; Foreword by Dom Duarte, Duke of Braganza (2004). "Foreword". The Mystery of Mary. Chicago, Illinois: Liturgy Training Publications. pp. xi–xii. ISBN 978-1-59525-008-7. I have the honour of being the Grand Master of the order of Our Lady of Conception.
  64. ^ "Ordinul Carol I" (in Romanian). www.familiaregala.ro. 2009-12-30. Retrieved 2011-01-21. Alin 1. La data de 5 ianuarie 2005 a fost reinviat "Ordinul Carol I", ca Ordin dinastic, de familie. (On 5 January 2005, the Order of Carol I was revived as a dynastic-family Order.)
  65. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  66. ^ "Heads of the Order". Order of Saint Anna (in English and Russian). [www.saintanna.ru]. 2006. Retrieved 2011-01-26. Heads of the Order...Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna
  67. ^ . www.imperialhouse.ru. 2001-08-04. Archived from the original on 2015-07-12. Retrieved 2011-01-21. On 1 August (19 July O.S) 1929, in fulfilment of the intentions of the Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II and in honor of his memory as the Supreme Commander of the valiant Imperial Army and Navy of old, Our Grandfather the Emperor Kirill I of blessed memory, established the Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the purpose of which was to award the veterans of the Great War of 1914–1918.
  68. ^ a b Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene (1984). Bander van Duren, Peter (ed.). "Catholic dynastic orders bestowed by a sovereign in exile". Orders of Knighthood, Awards and the Holy See. Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire: Van Duren: 135–39. ISBN 0905715233. Two examples of Catholic Dynastic Orders conferred by a Sovereign in exile are "the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation" and the "Order of SS. Maurice and Lazarus", both belonging to the Royal House of Savoy and taken by ex-King Umberto of Italy into exile (1946)....King Umberto II died in exile on 18 March 1983. The Grand Mastership of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation and the Order of SS. Maurice and Lazarus passed to the King's son, Prince Victor Emmanuel, who became the Head of the Royal House of Savoy on the death of his father. Both Orders belong now in the category of Catholic Dynastic Orders bestowed by a legitimate successor of a Sovereign in exile.
  69. ^ "Royal House of Tahir Buruj". 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  70. ^ a b "Royal Family of Hawaii Official Website". Royal Family Hawaii. Retrieved 2021-10-17.

December 02, 2023
dynastic, order, confused, with, royal, family, order, dynastic, order, monarchical, order, house, order, order, under, royal, patronage, such, order, bestowed, legitimate, fons, honorum, sovereign, head, once, sovereign, ruling, family, these, often, consider. Not to be confused with royal family order A dynastic order monarchical order or house order is an order under royal patronage Such an order is bestowed by as a legitimate fons honorum a sovereign or the head of a once sovereign ruling family 1 These are often considered part of the cultural patrimony of the ruling family 2 Dynastic orders were often founded or maintained to reward service to a monarch or their subsequent dynasty 3 A national or state order is the equivalent term for orders e g of merit conferred by sovereign states but not bestowed by ruling dynasties Contents 1 In personal gift of sovereign 1 1 Portugal 1 2 Italy 1 3 Russia 1 4 Central Europe 2 Various dynastic orders 2 1 Bestowed by the Holy See 2 2 Under Papal protection 2 3 Explicitly Recognized by Papal Bull 2 4 Bestowed by current sovereign monarch 2 5 Bestowed by current reigning non ruling monarch 2 6 Bestowed by head of formerly reigning dynasty 3 See also 4 ReferencesIn personal gift of sovereign editDynastic orders are under the exclusive control of a monarch and are bestowed without the advice of the political leadership prime minister or cabinet 4 A recent report by the British Government mentioned that there is one remaining exercise that has been identified of the Monarch s truly personal executive prerogative that is the conferment of certain honours that remain within the Sovereign s gift the Orders of Merit of the Garter of the Thistle and the Royal Victorian Order 5 Generally dynastic or house Orders are granted by the monarch for whatever reason the monarch may deem appropriate 6 whereas other orders often called Merit Orders are granted on the recommendation of government officials to recognize individual accomplishments or services to the nation 7 Portugal edit The term dynastic order is also used for those orders that continue to be bestowed by former monarchs and their descendants after they have been removed from power 8 For instance the website of Duarte Pio de Braganca 9 a pretender to the throne of Portugal using the title Duke of Braganza asserts that the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Vicosa 10 being a Dynastic Order of the House of Braganca and not an Order of State continued to be conferred by the last King Dom Manuel II in the exile On the basis of his succession to King Manuel II Duarte Pio continues to award those orders of the Kingdom of Portugal 11 not taken over by the Portuguese Republic 12 The Portuguese Republic views things somewhat differently regarding all the royal orders as extinct following the 5 October 1910 revolution with some of them revived in republican form in 1918 13 For official purposes Portugal simply ignores the orders awarded by the royal pretender Duarte Pio 12 Although no one is prosecuted for accepting orders from Dom Duarte including himself Portuguese law requires government permission to accept any official award either from Portugal or foreign powers the awards of Dom Duarte simply do not appear anywhere on either list 14 Italy edit A similar situation exists in Italy where the Republican Government regards the orders of the former kings to have been abolished 15 but the last king s heir continues to award them 16 However the Italian situation is unique since the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus is one of the few orders of knighthood that has been explicitly recognized by a papal bull in which Pope Gregory XII gave the House of Savoy the right to confer that knighthood in perpetuity 17 Thus under principles of international law the Italian heir to the throne in exile asserts that control of the Savoy dynastic orders exists separate from the Kingdom of Italy so that he retains the right to award the orders and accompanying privileges 18 The royal family of Savoy additionally have the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation which is their highest ranked order of Knighthood In addition to this the Order of Merit of Savoy is a Dynastic order knighthood given out by the head of the Royal House of Savoy Order of chivalry Following the demise of the last reigning monarch Umberto II of Italy in 1983 the Order of the Crown of Italy was replaced in 1988 by the Order of Merit of Savoy which was instituted by his heir the current head of the former Royal House Vittorio Emanuele Prince of Naples 19 While the Ordine al merito d Savoia it has never been a national order it is subsidiary to the Civil Order of Savoy which was the Order of Merit and it has around 2 000 members and as with the Order of the Crown of Italy previously it is entrusted to the Chancellor of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus In addition to this Italy contains orders of the royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies which still confer their Dynastic Knightly orders The most interesting of which is the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George because the Italian Republic recognises the order as an Order of Chivalry under Law n 178 of 1951 authorises the Italian citizens awarded with the Constantinian decoration to show them as authoritatively recognised also by the Italian State Council in its decision number 1869 81 Therefore those citizens lawfully awarded with Constantinian decorations can ask to use them on the territory of the Italian Republic by Presidential Decree or Decree of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs By Decree of the President of the Republic in 1973 the National Italian Association of the Knights of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George 20 Additionally there is the Royal Order of Francis I of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies One branch of the family led by Prince Carlo Duke of Castro claims that the Order of Francis I was attached to the crown not the state and thus awards it as a dynastic order 21 The other branch led by Infante Carlos Duke of Calabria regards the Order of Francis I as a state order that became extinct when the Borbon Two Sicilies royal family accepted the abolition of their monarchy and the state s inclusion in the Kingdom of Italy 22 Russia edit A third situation of mutual co existence is maintained in Russia where since the fall of communism the orders of Saint Andrew Saint George and Saint Catherine have been reinvented as State Orders of Merit of the Russian Federation However the Russian Imperial Orders of Saint Andrew Saint George Saint Catherine Saint Anna Saint Vladimir and Saint Stanislav have continued to be awarded since the revolution by the successive heads of the Imperial House of Romanov Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna In addition Dynastic Orders of Knighthood were revived and new ones created under Grand Duke Kirill Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker Grand Duke Vladimir Order of St Michael the Archangel and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Order of St Anastasia Awards of these honours are allowed to be worn in Russia and enjoy semi official recognition by the church and the state for example on 14 December 2001 the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation legalized the wearing of the Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker in Russia by military persons on active duty 23 Central Europe edit In Central Europe the head of the Habsburg family had the right to dispose of the Order of the Golden Fleece even after 1918 The very extensive treasure and the associated archive are in the Vienna Treasury The Republic of Austria has expressly confirmed this During the Nazi era many Habsburg goods and orders were expropriated and dissolved The USSR maintained this state of affairs during the Cold War to prevent any opposition among its oppressed peoples After the collapse of communism the order of St George was reactivated by the Habsburg family as a Central European dynasty order With both the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of St George deserved personalities are made knights today 24 25 26 27 28 Various dynastic orders editThere are many dynastic orders of knighthood primarily in Europe 29 Today dynastic orders include those still being bestowed by a reigning monarch those bestowed by the head of a royal house in exile and those that became extinct Although it is sometimes asserted that the heads of former reigning houses retain the right to their dynastic orders but cannot create new ones 30 that view is challenged by others who believe that the power to create orders remains with a dynasty forever 31 In a few cases formerly reigning families are accused of fudging the issue by claiming to revive long extinct orders 32 or by changing non dynastic state orders into dynastic ones 33 One example of this is the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing 34 which is sometimes described as a revival of a long dormant order last awarded in the eighteenth century 35 but also described as a new order created in 2004 36 Finally there is the example of a Russian pretender Maria Vladimirovna who published a decree on 20 August 2010 to create the entirely new Imperial Order of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia 37 Bestowed by the Holy See edit Main article Papal orders of knighthood Although some former royal families and their supporters claim that Roman Catholic Church formally recognizes their right to award various orders the Vatican denies all such assertions 38 On 16 October 2012 the Vatican Secretary of State renewed its formal announcement that it only recognizes the orders issued by the Pope namely 38 Supreme Order of Christ Order of the Golden Spur Order of Pope Pius IX Order of Saint Gregory the Great Order of Pope Saint SylvesterUnder Papal protection edit Order of the Holy Sepulchre Sovereign Military Order of Malta Teutonic OrderExplicitly Recognized by Papal Bull edit Order of Saints Maurice and LazarusThe Secretary of State cautioned that other orders whether of recent origin or mediaeval foundation are not recognised by the Holy See To avoid any possible doubts even owing to illicit issuing of documents or the inappropriate use of sacred places and to prevent the continuation of abuses which may result in harm to people of good faith the Holy See confirms that it attributes absolutely no value whatsoever to certificates of membership or insignia issued by these groups and it considers inappropriate the use of churches or chapels for their so called ceremonies of investiture 38 Bestowed by current sovereign monarch edit The Most Noble Order of the Garter United Kingdom 5 The Noble Order of the Golden Fleece Spain 39 The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau The Netherlands as well as Luxembourg 40 The Royal Victorian Order Commonwealth realms 5 The Order of the Elephant Denmark 41 The Order of the Dannebrog Denmark The Order of Merit Commonwealth realms 5 The Order of the House of Orange The Netherlands 42 The Order of the Thistle United Kingdom 5 The Order of the Seraphim Sweden The Order of St Olav Norway The Order of Al Hussein bin Ali Jordan Bestowed by current reigning non ruling monarch edit The Royal Order of the Omujwaara Kondo Uganda Kingdom of Bunyoro Kitara House of Babiito 43 The Royal Order of the Engabu Uganda Kingdom of Bunyoro Kitara House of Babiito 43 The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega Uganda Kingdom of Bunyoro Kitara House of Babiito 43 Bestowed by head of formerly reigning dynasty edit nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of the Eagle of GeorgiaThe Order of Saint George Bavaria Wittelsbach 44 The Order of St Hubert Bavaria Wittelsbach 45 The Order of Theresa Bavaria Wittelsbach The Order of Saint Alexander Bulgaria The Imperial Ethiopian Order of Saint Mary of Zion Ethiopia The Order of the Holy Spirit France 46 47 48 The Order of Saint Michael France 46 49 The Order of the Eagle of Georgia Georgia Bagrationi Dynasty 50 51 The Royal Order of the Crown of Georgia Kingdom Georgia Nugzar Bagration Gruzinsky The House Order of Hohenzollern Hohenzollern Germany The Order of Skanderbeg Albania House of Zogu The Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth Habsburg Lorraine 52 The Noble Order of the Golden Fleece 2 Habsburg Lorraine 53 54 The Order of the Starry Cross Habsburg Lorraine 55 56 The Order of St George Habsburg Lorraine The Order of Vitez Habsburg Lorraine The Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Hungary The Order of Prince Danilo I Montenegro 57 The Order of Petrovic Njegos Montenegro 58 The Order of Saint Peter of Cetinje Montenegro 59 The Order of Saint George of Parma Parma 60 61 The Order of the Saint Louis for Civil Merit Parma 62 The Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Vicosa Portugal House of Braganza 63 The Order of Saint Isabel Portugal House of Braganza The Order of Merit of the Portuguese Royal House Portugal House of Braganza The Order of Saint Michael of the Wing Portugal House of Braganza 34 The Order of Carol I Romania order founded in 1906 and discontinued with King Michael s abdication in 1947 and then revived by him on 5 January 2005 as a dynastic order 64 The Order of the Crown Romania founded as a state order it was revived by King Michael I as a Dynastic Order in 2011 65 The Order of Saint Andrew Imperial House of Russia The Order of Saint Catherine Imperial House of Russia The Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky Imperial House of Russia The Order of the White Eagle Imperial House of Russia The Order of Saint Anna Imperial House of Russia 66 The Order of Saint Vladimir Imperial House of Russia The Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker Imperial House of Russia a modern order created in exile on 1 August 1929 by the pretender Kirill Vladimirovich a cousin of the last Tsar Nicholas II of Russia 67 The Order of Saint Stanislav Imperial House of Russia The Order of Saint Anastasia Imperial House of Russia a modern order created in exile in 2010 by the Head of the Imperial House The Order of Saint Michael the Archangel Imperial House of Russia a modern order created in exile in 1988 by the Head of the Imperial House Vladimir Kirillovich The Royal Order of the Intare Rwanda The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation Savoy 68 The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Savoy 68 The Order of Merit of Savoy Savoy The Order of Parfaite Amitie Thurn and Taxis The Order of Saint Joseph Tuscany The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Two Sicilies The Order of Saint Januarius Two Sicilies The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl Sulu The Order of the Rose Brazil House of Orleans Braganza The Order of the Southern Cross Brazil House of Orleans Braganza The Imperial Order of Christ Brazil House of Orleans Braganza The Order of Pedro I Brazil House of Orleans Braganza The Order of the Rasulids Royal House of Tahir Buruj of the Rasulid dynasty 69 The Royal Order of the Crown Hawaiian Kingdom House of Keoua Nui 70 The Royal Order of the Star of Oceania Hawaiian Kingdom House of Keoua Nui 70 See also editChivalric order Military order monastic society References edit Geller Jonny 24 June 2010 Bonington awarded the Royal Victorian Order News Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency Retrieved 27 November 2012 The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a house order of chivalry recognising distinguished personal service to the order s Sovereign a b Covert Glen 15 May 2008 The Habsburg Most Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece Its potential relevance on modern culture in the European Union PDF Ljubljana Slovenia The Historical Seminar Scientific Research Center Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts pp 40 41 Retrieved 27 November 2012 But the world has changed somewhat since 1430 including that the Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece is not a reigning monarch Archduke Karl of Austria Nevertheless only briefly in Der osterreichische Orden vom Goldenen Vlies Geschichte und Probleme 1971 did Annemarie Weber characterize its nature as an entity with an Austria recognized international legal personality its existence dependent upon its recognition in international politics Cardinale Hyginus Eugene 31 December 1985 Orders of Knighthood Awards and the Holy See Chester Springs PA Dufour Editions Inc p 119 ISBN 978 0 905715 26 1 Dynastic Orders of Knighthood are a category of Orders belonging to the heraldic patrimony of a dynasty often held by ancient right These differ from the early military and religious Orders and from the later Orders of Merit belonging to a particular State having been instituted to reward personal services rendered to a dynasty or an ancient Family of princely rank Duren Peter Bander van 1987 The cross on the sword supplement to Orders of Knighthood awards and the Holy See third edition Gerrards Cross Van Duren pp 2 17 ISBN 9780905715322 a b c d e Governance of Britain Review of the Executive Royal Prerogative Powers Final Report Ministry of Justice 2009 10 15 p 6 Archived from the original on 2009 12 24 Retrieved 2011 01 20 Royal Honours Other Honours Chancellery of the Netherlands Orders 2001 08 15 Archived from the original on 2011 04 25 Retrieved 2011 01 29 Royal Honours Civil Orders and the Civil Honours Advisory Commission Chancellery of the Netherlands Orders 2001 08 15 Archived from the original on 2011 09 02 Retrieved 2011 01 29 Duren Peter Bander van 1995 Orders of knighthood and of merit the pontifical religious and secularised Catholic founded Orders and their relationship to the Apostolic See Gerrards Cross Smythe p 217 ISBN 9780861403714 Conservatoria dos Registos Centrais Registo fraudulento de nacionalidade accessed 20 January 2011 Serafin Thomas J Knighthood Bestowed Saints Alive USA Territorial Headquarters of the ICHR USA Retrieved 2011 01 21 Rodrigues Lima Carlos 2009 01 09 Nuno da Camara Pereira ganha batalha judicial a D Duarte Diario de Noticias in Portuguese Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 Retrieved 2011 01 21 No processo civel a Casa Real invocou que a expressao o uso das insignias e denominacoes das Ordens Dinasticas sao pertenca da Casa Real portuguesa e do senhor D Duarte In civil proceedings the Royal House has argued the use of emblems and names of the Dynastic Orders are owned by the Portuguese Royal House and Dom Duarte a b REGULAMENTO DAS ORDENS HONORIFICAS PORTUGUESAS PDF Chancelaria das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas Presidencia da Republica 2006 2010 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 01 21 Retrieved 2011 01 20 AS ORDENS HONORIFICAS PORTUGUESAS Chancelaria das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas Presidencia da Republica 2006 2010 Archived from the original on 2011 01 21 Retrieved 2011 01 20 Cidadaos Portugueses com Condecoracoes Estrangeiras 1926 2007 PDF Chancelaria das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas Presidencia da Republica 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 2010 08 03 Retrieved 2011 01 20 ANUARIO ORDENS HONORIFICAS PORTUGUESAS 1975 2007 PDF Chancelaria das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas Presidencia da Republica 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 01 21 Retrieved 2011 01 20 L 3 marzo 1951 n 178 1 Istituzione dell Ordine Al merito della Repubblica italiana e disciplina del conferimento e dell uso delle onorificenze 2 Presidenza della Repubblica Retrieved 2011 01 20 John Hooper 2006 06 23 The fall of the house of Savoy guardian co uk Retrieved 2011 01 20 Order of Saint Lazarus Primary sources PDF A Brief History of the Orders of Saint Maurice and Lazarus Archived from the original on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2011 01 20 Bennett Eric 2005 04 07 Savoy Ballroom African American Studies Center Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780195301731 013 43280 ISBN 978 0 19 530173 1 retrieved 2022 09 20 Deym Maximilian 2020 12 13 Annotazioni sul Sacro Militare Ordine Constantiniano di San Giorgio Sapientia Temperantia Fortitvdo Ivstitia Wien Bohlau Verlag pp 618 640 doi 10 7767 9783205210641 618 ISBN 978 3 205 21062 7 S2CID 230545188 retrieved 2022 09 20 The Royal Order of Francis Francesco I Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Delegation for Great Britain and Ireland 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 10 06 Retrieved 2011 01 21 Royal Order of Francis I remains an ancient dynastic and internationally recognised institution The Order which is neither a state decoration of the Italian Republic or the Holy See has continued to be conferred long after the overthrow of King Francesco II in 1861 Today the Order is bestowed by HRH The Duke of Castro as Head of the Royal Houseof Bourbon of the Two Sicilies and a great great great grandson of the Order s founder Royal Order of Francis I The Royal House of the Two Sicilies 2006 Archived from the original on 2011 07 25 Retrieved 2011 01 21 The Order was not awarded after 1920 however and as a state merit award was allowed to become extinct Sainty Guy Stair ed 2006 World Orders of Knighthood and Merit Burke s ISBN 0 9711966 7 2 Peter Diem Die Symbole Osterreichs German The symbols of Austria 1995 p 214 Johannes Krejci Aus der Geschichte des Alten Ordens vom St Georg Wien 2002 Frank Millard The Palace and the Bunker Royal Resistance to Hitler 2011 Homepage of the St Georgsorden Birgit Schwarz Hitlers Sonderauftrag Ostmark Kunstraub und Museumspolitik im Nationalsozialismus 2018 p 129 James Longo Hitler and the Habsburgs The Fuhrer s Vendetta Against the Austrian Royals 2018 Lantz Gunnar Boalt Robert Eriksson Harry Gluck Herman 1972 The European orders of chivalry Carbondale Southern Illinois U P pp 1 17 ISBN 978 0809305063 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Trost Ernst amp Franz Goess 1983 Das blieb vom Doppeladler 04 Der Orden vom Goldenen Vlies in German Vienna Austria Osterreichischer Rundfunk Archived from the original Videocassette on 21 January 2013 Retrieved 27 November 2012 See for instance the website of Maria Vladimirovna a pretender to the throne of Russia announcing the creation of an entirely new order of knighthood in 2010 The Head of the House of Romanoff has established for women the Imperial Order of St Anastasia in Honor of the First Tsaritsa of the Romanoff Family Anastasia Romanovna www imperialhouse ru 2010 08 20 Archived from the original on 2016 03 26 Retrieved 2011 01 21 For an example of such discussions see Anderson James 1732 Royal genealogies or The genealogical tables of emperors kings and princes from Adam to these times in two parts London James Bettenham pp ix Retrieved 9 December 2011 St Michael s Wing in Portugal founded by the said King Alphonse 1165 or 1171 after his obtaining a notable Victory over Moors and Alberto King of Seville in which Battle MICHAEL the Arch Angel is said to appear on the right Side of Alphonse and fight against them This Order is now out of use 1732 Gieseler John C L also known as Johann K L Gieseler 2009 A Text Book of Church History BiblioBazaar pp 447 48 ISBN 978 1 116 21129 0 and Almeida Gomes Abrunhosa Marques de and Manuel Angelo 2007 Precedentes historico teoricos dos regionalismos dos Acores e da Galiza Santiago de Compostela Univ Santiago de Compostela p 187 Velde Francois R 2003 11 24 Royal Order of Francis I rec heraldry Retrieved 2011 01 21 It is an order of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies a political entity that disappeared 143 years ago There are currently rival claimants to be head of the dynasty that once ruled the Two Sicilies and one claimant has of late begun to bestow that order although it had been discontinued The fact that it was clearly a state order and that it fell into disuse for so long before being resurrected by one claimant makes it a little odd a b Rodrigues Lima Carlos 2009 01 09 Nuno da Camara Pereira ganha batalha judicial a D Duarte Diario de Noticias in Portuguese Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 Retrieved 2011 01 21 Juiza vinca que Portugal e uma Republica desvalorizando heranca O Tribunal Civel de Lisboa acaba de dar razao a Nuno da Camara Pereira num conflito que o opunha a D Duarte de Braganca obrigando este ultimo a desistir da denominacao Real Ordem de Sao Miguel de Ala uma ordem que criou em 2004 Judge stresses that Portugal is a Republic and values heritage The Civil Court of Lisbon has just ruled in favor of Nuno da Camara Pereira in a conflict with Dom Duarte de Braganca forcing the latter to give up the name the Royal Order of Saint Michael of the Wing an order created in 2004 Sainty Guy Stair A Summary of the Use of the Royal Prerogative Its Use by the Heirs to Former Thrones and by Republican or Revolutionary Regimes www chivalricorders org Retrieved 2011 01 21 re established a long dormant Order that of Saint Michael of the Wing with members across Europe and a handful in the United States now reformed as an Association rather than an Order Rodrigues Lima Carlos 2009 01 09 Nuno da Camara Pereira ganha batalha judicial a D Duarte Diario de Noticias in Portuguese Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 Retrieved 2011 01 21 Real Ordem de Sao Miguel de Ala uma ordem que criou em 2004 Royal Order of Saint Michael of the Wing an order created in 2004 The Head of the House of Romanoff has established for women the Imperial Order of St Anastasia in Honor of the First Tsaritsa of the Romanoff Family Anastasia Romanovna www imperialhouse ru 2010 08 20 Archived from the original on 2016 03 26 Retrieved 2011 01 21 a b c Note of Clarification from the Secretariat of State news va Pontifical Council for Social Communication 16 October 2012 Retrieved 27 November 2012 Vatican City VIS In response to frequent requests for information concerning the recognition by the Holy See of Equestrian Orders dedicated to the saints or to holy places the Secretariat of State considers it opportune to reiterate what has already been published namely that other than its own Equestrian Orders the Supreme Order of Christ the Order of the Golden Spur the Pian Order the Order of Saint Gregory the Great and the Order of Pope Saint Sylvester the Holy See recognises and supports only the Sovereign Military Order of Malta also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta and the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem The Holy See foresees no additions or innovations in this regard All other orders whether of recent origin or mediaeval foundation are not recognised by the Holy See Furthermore the Holy See does not guarantee their historical or juridical legitimacy their ends or organisational structures To avoid any possible doubts even owing to illicit issuing of documents or the inappropriate use of sacred places and to prevent the continuation of abuses which may result in harm to people of good faith the Holy See confirms that it attributes absolutely no value whatsoever to certificates of membership or insignia issued by these groups and it considers inappropriate the use of churches or chapels for their so called ceremonies of investiture Cardinale Hyginus Eugene 31 December 1985 Orders of Knighthood Awards and the Holy See Chester Springs PA Dufour Editions Inc p 140 ISBN 978 0 905715 26 1 Information and Press Service of the Luxembourg Government Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg PDF Ministry of State Information and Press Service of the Luxembourg Government Retrieved 2011 01 21 The brevet is awarded in agreement with the head of the Ottonian branch of the House of Nassau The Netherlands The Royal House of Denmark The Royal Orders of Chivalry The Danish Monarchy Kongehuset Archived from the original on 2011 03 09 Retrieved 2011 01 21 Now as always the decision to award an Order remains with the Master of the Order HM The Queen and is hers alone The Government Information Service RVD 2011 01 13 Orders for services to the Royal House Dutch Royal House Ministry of General Affairs of the Netherlands Archived from the original on 2011 04 26 Retrieved 2011 01 21 There are two such orders the Order of the House of Orange conferred on persons who have rendered special service to the Royal House The Queen is Grand Master of the Order of the House of Orange a b c Royal Orders amp Honorary Titles of Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom Arnold Clarisa Sands 2009 Four girls in europe four girls in europe S l Iuniverse Inc p 231 ISBN 9781440186585 Retrieved 27 November 2012 Cardinale Hyginus Eugene 1984 Bander van Duren Peter ed The Royal House of Bavaria Wittelsbach Orders of Knighthood Awards and the Holy See Gerrards Cross Buckinghamshire Van Duren 152 53 ISBN 0905715233 The Royal House of Bavaria Wittelsbach The Order of St George Defender of the Faith in the Immaculate Conception The Order of St Hubert a b Cardinale Hyginus Eugene 1984 Bander van Duren Peter ed The Royal House of Bourbon Orleans Orders of Knighthood Awards and the Holy See Gerrards Cross Buckinghamshire Van Duren 154 56 ISBN 0905715233 The Royal House of Bourbon Orleans The Order of the Holy Ghost The Order of St Michael of France Etat present de la maison de Bourbon Quatrieme edition Paris Le Leopard d or 1991 p 222 Louis XIX Henri V Charles XI et Jaques I continuerent a donner l ordre dans la discretion et en 1972 Jacques Henri VI suivit leur exemple sont fils Alphonse II faisant de meme L Etat present donne ensuite le nom de quatre chevaliers crees par lettres patentes de 1972 et 1973 Warner Gerald 29 May 2010 French royalists celebrate the birth of twin sons to Louis XX rightful King of France The Telegraph Archived from the original on 31 May 2010 Retrieved 3 December 2012 The Duke and Duchess of Anjou and their daughter were recently received in private audience by Pope Benedict XVI when the head of the Bourbon dynasty wore the cordon and plaque of the Order of the Holy Ghost of which he claims to be hereditary Grand Master This news will give immense pleasure to French legitimists and traditionalists who have never abandoned the principles of Throne and Altar and for whom Louis XX is the embodiment of the France of Saint Louis and his descendants the Most Christian Kings Biographie de Monseigneur le Duc d Anjou Institut du Duc d Anjou 17 May 2011 Archived from the original on 22 February 2013 Retrieved 3 December 2012 En qualite de chef de la Maison de Bourbon il est le Grand maitre des ordres de Saint Michel fonde par Louis XI et du Saint Esprit fonde par Henri III Order Eagle of Georgia Royal family of Georgia Login Archduchess Regina von Habsburg The Telegraph 2010 02 10 Retrieved 2011 01 26 Archduchess Regina von Habsburg was Protectress of the Order of the Starry Cross an all female Roman Catholic order founded in the 17th century Grand Mistress of the Order of Elisabeth a similar organisation Opfell Olga S 2001 Royalty Who Wait The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe Jefferson North Carolina McFarland amp Company pp 8 10 ISBN 978 0 7864 0901 3 Archduchess Regina von Habsburg The Telegraph 2010 02 10 Retrieved 2011 01 26 Although Otto was the heir to the Austrian Empire he was unusual among pretenders in electing to ignore his aristocratic title preferring to style himself Dr Otto von Habsburg in 1979 he was voted into the European Parliament as Christian Democrat member for North Bavaria and served for the next 20 years becoming the highly regarded Father of the House and its only member to have been born before the First World War He never claimed the throne of Austria and in 2000 renounced his sovereignty of the Order of the Golden Fleece the last sign of his leadership of the Imperial Family Archduchess Regina von Habsburg The Telegraph 2010 02 10 Retrieved 2011 01 26 She herself was Protectress of the Order of the Starry Cross an all female Roman Catholic order founded in the 17th century Brook Shepherd Gordon 2004 01 17 Uncrowned emperor the life and times of Otto von Habsburg London Hambledon amp London pp 234 ISBN 978 1 85285 439 3 After Regina she will be the head of our Order Constantinian Order knights decreed into Royal Order of Danilo I of Montenegro The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Delegation for Great Britain and Ireland London The Chancery of Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Delegation of Great Britain and Ireland 31 December 2007 Archived from the original on 23 December 2012 Retrieved 27 November 2012 Podgorica December 2007 HRH Crown Prince Nicholas II of Montenegro has decreed three delegation Knights into the Royal Order of Danilo I The awards of Knight Grand Cross have been awarded to the Constantinian Order s Grand Magistral Delegate for Inter Religious Relations HE Anthony Bailey and to HE Ambassador Dr Peter Low Dr Martin Vorderwulbecke was decreed to the rank of Knight Commander The awards were made in recognition of their contribution to interfaith and charitable work within Montenegro The Montenegro dynasty ruled from 1711 and in 2007 Montenegro regained its full independence following a referendum to separate from Serbia The first Montenegrin state Order was established by HRH Prince Danilo Petrovic in 1853 as the Order of Danilo I for the independence of Montenegro in 1852 53 This Decoration is still awarded to prominent champions of the preservation of Montenegrin independence and the conditions by which the Order is awarded were defined by Statute Many deserving men and women have been awarded the Order of Prince Danilo I over time including foreigners The illustrious list includes many decorated servicemen during the World Wars and a host of other notables including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII of Great Britain Recent recipients include HE The President of the Republic of Montenegro HMEH Fra Andrew Bertie Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta HSH Sovereign Prince Albert II of Monaco HRH The Duke of Braganza HRH The Count of Paris and other senior members of reigning and non reigning dynasties The Order is recognised by the Republic of Montenegro Order of Petrovic Njegos orderofdanilo org Cetinje Montenegro Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro 5 March 2009 Archived from the original on 16 May 2009 Retrieved 5 December 2012 The Order is given to members of the Dynasty and kinsmen exclusively and is not an Order that is generally given beyond that The Order was not bestowed in 1996 while Montenegro remained a non sovereign state In 2008 celebrating the passage of 300 years since the first Petrovic Njegos rulers ascent the Crown Prince of Montenegro bestowed the Order in recognition of this landmark Order of Saint Peter orderofdanilo org Cetinje Montenegro Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro 2 May 2006 Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 5 December 2012 The Order of Saint Peter is the House Order of the Royal House of Montenegro and the present Grand Master is H R H Crown Prince Nikola of Montenegro and the Grand Chancellor is John Gvozdenovic Kennedy The Order consists of a single class and is normally reserved for members of the Royal Family and their kinsmen and in exceptional circumstances prominent foreign citizens HRH Prince Carlos Hugo The Telegraph 2010 08 24 Retrieved 2011 01 26 He also claimed to be head of the Constantinian Order of St George Conforti Paolo 2007 I Borbone Parma Gran Maestri del Sacro Angelico Imperiale Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio www borboneparma it Ordine del Merito di San Lodovico Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone Parma in Italian www borboneparma it 2007 Archived from the original on 2011 07 22 Retrieved 2011 01 26 Haffner Paul Foreword by Dom Duarte Duke of Braganza 2004 Foreword The Mystery of Mary Chicago Illinois Liturgy Training Publications pp xi xii ISBN 978 1 59525 008 7 I have the honour of being the Grand Master of the order of Our Lady of Conception Ordinul Carol I in Romanian www familiaregala ro 2009 12 30 Retrieved 2011 01 21 Alin 1 La data de 5 ianuarie 2005 a fost reinviat Ordinul Carol I ca Ordin dinastic de familie On 5 January 2005 the Order of Carol I was revived as a dynastic family Order Familia Regala Ordinului Coroana Romaniei Archived from the original on 2015 02 06 Retrieved 2012 03 13 Heads of the Order Order of Saint Anna in English and Russian www saintanna ru 2006 Retrieved 2011 01 26 Heads of the Order Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Decree 1 Nic 2001 www imperialhouse ru 2001 08 04 Archived from the original on 2015 07 12 Retrieved 2011 01 21 On 1 August 19 July O S 1929 in fulfilment of the intentions of the Tsar Martyr Nicholas II and in honor of his memory as the Supreme Commander of the valiant Imperial Army and Navy of old Our Grandfather the Emperor Kirill I of blessed memory established the Order of St Nicholas the Wonderworker the purpose of which was to award the veterans of the Great War of 1914 1918 a b Cardinale Hyginus Eugene 1984 Bander van Duren Peter ed Catholic dynastic orders bestowed by a sovereign in exile Orders of Knighthood Awards and the Holy See Gerrards Cross Buckinghamshire Van Duren 135 39 ISBN 0905715233 Two examples of Catholic Dynastic Orders conferred by a Sovereign in exile are the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation and the Order of SS Maurice and Lazarus both belonging to the Royal House of Savoy and taken by ex King Umberto of Italy into exile 1946 King Umberto II died in exile on 18 March 1983 The Grand Mastership of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation and the Order of SS Maurice and Lazarus passed to the King s son Prince Victor Emmanuel who became the Head of the Royal House of Savoy on the death of his father Both Orders belong now in the category of Catholic Dynastic Orders bestowed by a legitimate successor of a Sovereign in exile Royal House of Tahir Buruj 2021 04 17 Retrieved 2021 05 24 a b Royal Family of Hawaii Official Website Royal Family Hawaii Retrieved 2021 10 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dynastic order amp oldid 1183292656, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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