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Wikipedia

Hip hop dance

April 17, 2023

Hip hop dance is a range of street dance styles primarily performed to hip hop music or that have evolved as part of hip hop culture. It is influenced by a wide range of styles that were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States. The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin', Beat Street, and Wild Style showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop dance mainstream exposure.

Hip-hop dance
A b-boy performing in Turkey surrounded by a group of spectators.
Primary influences
Breaking – Locking – Popping
Derivative styles
StreetMemphis Jookin' – Turfing – Jerkin' – Krumping
StudioCommercial/New Style – Jazz-funk – Lyrical hip hop
Cultural Markers
OriginsTurntables – Hip hop music – Social dancing/Party dancing - African-American culture
AttributesCrews – Freestyle – Battles

The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called "new style"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called "jazz-funk". Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to create choreography from the hip-hop dances that were performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is practiced in both dance studios and outdoor spaces.

The commercialization of hip-hop dance continued into the 1990s and 2000s with the production of several television shows and movies such as The Grind, Planet B-Boy, Rize, StreetDance 3D, America's Best Dance Crew, Saigon Electric, the Step Up film series, and The LXD, a web series. Though the dance is established in entertainment, including mild representation in theater, it maintains a strong presence in urban neighborhoods which has led to the creation of street dance derivatives Memphis jookin, turfing, jerkin', and krump. What distinguishes hip-hop from other forms of dance is that it is often "freestyle" (improvisational) in nature and hip-hop dance crews often engage in freestyle dance competitions—colloquially referred to as "battles".

Films, television shows, and the Internet have contributed to introducing hip-hop dance outside the United States. Since being exposed, educational opportunities and corporate dance competitions such as World of Dance and Hip Hop International have helped maintain its presence worldwide. Hip-hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby. It can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally.

History

Main article: History of hip-hop dance

Hip-hop dance is a fusion dance genre with influences from older street dance styles created in the 1970s. These include uprock, breaking, and the funk styles.[1] Breaking was created in The Bronx, New York in the early 1970s.[2] In its earliest form, it began as elaborations on James Brown's "Good Foot" dance which debuted in 1972.[1][3][4] Breaking at this period was not primarily floor-oriented as seen today; it started out as toprock which dancers perform while standing up. An influence on toprock was uprock[5] which was created in Brooklyn, New York.[6][7] Uprock looks similar to toprock, but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight. Uprock is also performed with partners, but in toprock—and in breaking in general—each person takes turns dancing.[8] In 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break beat.[9][10] A break beat is a rhythmic, musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo. Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to demonstrate their skills.[10] B-boy and b-girl stands for "break-boy" and "break-girl"; b-boys and b-girls dance to the break of a record.[10] Further influenced by martial arts[11] and gymnastics, breaking went from being a purely upright dance style—toprock only—to becoming more floor-oriented.

At the same time that breaking was developing in New York, other styles were being created in California. The funk styles refer to several street dance styles created in California in the 1970s such as roboting, bopping, hitting, locking, bustin', popping, boogaloo, strutting, sac-ing, and dime-stopping.[12] Out of all of these dances, Boogaloo is one of the oldest. It started out as a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of several songs released during that time such as "Do the Boogaloo" and "My Baby Likes to Boogaloo". From being a fad, it developed into a street dance style called Boogaloo in Oakland, CA, as well as a separate music genre called Latin boogaloo. The most popular and widely practiced of the funk styles are Locking and popping.[13] The television show Soul Train played a large role in giving these styles commercial exposure. Both The Lockers and The Electric Boogaloos—dance crews responsible for the spread of locking and popping—performed on this show.[14]

It is historically inaccurate to say that the funk styles were always considered hip-hop.[15] In an interview with Racked, Moncell Durden, assistant dance professor at the University of Southern California, is quoted as saying "Hip-hop dance involves two dances: breaking and social dances. That's it. Nothing else is hip-hop."[16][17] The funk styles were adopted into hip-hop in large part due to the media.[15] The media identified these styles as "breakdance" which caused confusion about their origin.[18][19] They were created on the west coast independent from breaking and were originally danced to funk music, rather than hip-hop music.[14][15]

As breaking, locking, and popping gained popularity in the 1980s, hip-hop social dancing (party dancing) started to develop. Novelty and fad dances such as the Roger Rabbit, the Cabbage Patch, and the Worm appeared in the 1980s followed by the Humpty dance and the Running Man in the 1990s.[20][note 1] The music of the day was the driving force in the development of these dances. For example, the 1980s rap group Gucci Crew II had a song called "The Cabbage Patch" that the dance of the same name was based on.[22] 2000s era social dances include the Cha Cha Slide, the Cat Daddy, and the Dougie. The previously mentioned dances are a sample of the many that have appeared since hip-hop developed into a distinct dance style. Like hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing continues to change as new songs are released and new dances are created to accompany them.

Primary influences

Breaking

Main article: Breakdancing
 
A b-boy in an airchair freeze at Street Summit 2006 in Moscow.

Breaking or b-boying, commonly known by its exonym as breakdancing, was created in the South Bronx, New York City during the early 1970s.[3] It is the first hip-hop dance style. At the time of its creation, it was the only hip-hop dance style because Afrika Bambaataa classified it as one of the five pillars of hip-hop culture along with MCing (rapping), DJing (turntablism), graffiti writing (bombing), and knowledge.[23][24][25][26] Though African Americans created breaking,[27][28] Puerto Ricans maintained its growth and development when it was considered a fad in the late 1970s.[29] In a 2001 interview Richard "Crazy Legs" Colón, the president of Rock Steady Crew, commented on how Puerto Ricans contributed to breaking: "I think the difference is when the brothas first started doing [it] and it was at its infancy they weren't doing acrobatic moves. That didn't come into play until more Puerto Ricans got involved in the mid 70s. We then took the dance, evolved it and kept it alive. In '79 I was getting dissed. I would go into a dance and I would get dissed by a lot of brothas who would ask 'Why y'all still doing that dance? That's played out'. By 79, there were very few African American brothas that was doing this... We always maintained the flava. It was like a changing of the guard and all we did was add more flava to something that already existed."[28][30][31] Breaking includes four foundational dances: toprock, footwork-oriented steps performed while standing up; downrock, footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor; freezes, stylish poses done on your hands; and power moves, complex and impressive acrobatic moves.[32] Transitions from toprock to downrock are called "drops."[33][34]

Traditionally, breakers dance within a cypher or an Apache Line. A cypher is a circular shaped dance space formed by spectators that breakers use to perform or battle in.[12][32] Cyphers work well for one-on-one b-boy or b-girl (break-boy/break-girl) battles; however, Apache Lines are more appropriate when the battle is between two crews—teams of street dancers. In contrast to the circular shape of a cypher, competing crews face each other in an Apache Line, challenge each other, and execute their burns (a move intended to humiliate the opponent, i.e. crotch grabbing).[35][36][37][38]

Locking

Main article: Locking

Locking, originally called Campbellocking, was created in 1969 in Los Angeles, California by Don "Campbellock" Campbell and popularized by his crew The Lockers.[13][39] In addition to Campbell, the original members of The Lockers were Fred "Mr. Penguin" Berry, Leo "Fluky Luke" Williamson, Adolfo "Shabba-Doo" Quiñones, Bill "Slim the Robot" Williams, Greg "Campbellock Jr" Pope, and Toni Basil, who also served as the group's manager.[40][41][42] At the 2009 World Hip Hop Dance Championships, Basil became the first female recipient of the Living Legend Award in honor of her role in giving locking commercial exposure.[43]

Locking looks similar to popping, and the two are frequently confused by the casual observer. In locking, dancers hold their positions longer. The lock is the primary move used in locking. It is "similar to a freeze or a sudden pause."[44] A locker's dancing is characterized by frequently locking in place and after a brief freeze moving again.[13] According to Dance Spirit magazine, a dancer cannot perform both locking and popping simultaneously; thus, it is incorrect to call locking "pop-locking".[13][45] While both styles are from Los Angeles, locking and popping are two distinct funk styles with their own histories, their own set of dance moves, their own pioneers, and their own competition categories. Locking is more playful and character-driven, whereas popping is more illusory.[13] In popping, dancers push the boundaries of what they can do with their bodies.[13] Locking has specific dance moves that distinguish it from popping and other funk styles. In the 2006 book Total Chaos, hip-hop historian Jorge "Popmaster Fabel" Pabon lists some of these moves which include "the lock, points, skeeter [rabbits], scooby doos, stop 'n go, which-away, and the fancies."[44] In addition, Lockers commonly use a distinctive dress style characterized by colorful clothing with stripes and suspenders.[13]

Popping

Main article: Popping

Popping was derived from the earlier boogaloo street dance movement taking place in Oakland, California during the late 1960s. It was created in Fresno, California in the 1970s and popularized by Samuel "Boogaloo Sam" Solomon and his crew the Electric Boogaloos.[13] It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer's body, referred to as a pop or a hit. When performed correctly, each hit is synchronized to the rhythm and beats of the music. Popping is also used as an umbrella term to refer to a wide range of closely related illusionary dance styles[46] such as strobing, liquid, animation, twisto-flex, and waving.[14][46] Dancers often integrate these styles with standard popping to create a more varied performance.[note 2] In all of these subgenres it appears to the spectator that the body is popping. The difference between each subgenre is how exaggerated the popping is. In liquid, the body movements look like water. The popping is so smooth that the movements do not look like popping at all; they look fluid.[14] The opposite of this is strobing (also called ticking) in which the movements are staccato and jerky.[48]

Popping as an umbrella term also includes gliding.[14][46] Gliding is a lower body dance performed with little to no movements in the chest or arms. In gliding a dancer appears as if they are drifting across the floor on ice.[note 3] Opposite from gliding is tutting, an upper body dance that uses the arms, hands, and wrists to form right angles and create geometric box-like shapes. Tutting can be done primarily with the fingers rather than the arms. This method is called finger tutting. In both variations the movements are intricate, linear, and form 90° or 45° angles. In practice, tutting looks like the characters on the art of ancient Egypt,[49][50][51]: 2  hence the name—a reference to King Tut.

While popping as an umbrella term is widely used by hip-hop dancers and in competitive hip-hop dancing, Timothy "Popin' Pete" Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees with the use of the word "popping" in this way. Many of these related styles (animation, liquid, tutting, etc.) can not be traced to one person or group. Solomon states "There are people who wave and there are people who tut. They're not popping. I say this to give the people who created other styles their just dues and their props."[13]

Derivative styles

Main articles: Memphis Jookin', Turfing, Jerkin', and Krumping

Decades after breaking, locking, and popping became established, four new dance styles appeared. Three of them come from California and one comes from Tennessee. Memphis Jookin' was created in the 1980s in Memphis, Tennessee. It is an evolution of an older Memphis line dance called The Gangsta' Walk.[51]: 1 [52] According to Dance magazine, jookin is characterized by dancers "gliding footwork... popping and waving... [and] using the tips of their sneakers to balance on pointe."[53] Gliding on tiptoes is fundamental to this dance. While watching a jookin' battle in Jackson, Tennessee, dance critic Alastair Macaulay observed that "the most evidently sensational feature of jookin is the extensive use of what a ballet observer is bound to call pointwork: the men, in sneakers, go onto tiptoe... many of the men not only rose onto point but also hopped, turned, ran and balanced on point."[54] Jookers have traditionally practiced their moves at the Crystal Palace skating rink in Memphis, which is akin to how milongueros practice their moves in public spaces in Buenos Aires.[53]

Turfing, an acronym for Taking Up Room on the Floor, was created in 2002 by Jeriel Bey in Oakland, California.[47] Turfing is a fusion of miming and gliding that places heavy emphasis on storytelling (through movement) and illusion. Other than San Francisco Bay Area pride, turfing avoided becoming a fad due to local turf dance competitions and local youth programs that promote turfing as a form of physical activity.[47]

The dance style Jerkin' was popularized in 2009 by the New Boyz's rap song "You're a Jerk".[55][56]: 1  This song went viral via their MySpace page before they had a manager or were signed to a record label.[56]: 1, 3  After hearing about the song, Los Angeles radio station Power 106 hired the New Boyz to perform at local high schools. These shows led to "You're a Jerk" entering the radio's playlist.[56]: 2  Later the same year, rap duo Audio Push released the song and video "Teach Me How to Jerk" which showcased the different dance moves within jerkin' including the Reject—the Running Man done in reverse.[55][57] Dancers who perform jerkin' typically wear bright colors, skinny jeans, Mohawks, and Vans sneakers.[56]: 1, 5  This trend echos locking dancers in the 1970s who traditionally wore suspenders and black and white striped socks.[13] Of the dance, journalist Jeff Weiss from LA Weekly stated "For a youth culture weaned on the cult of individualism, jerkin' is its apotheosis."[56] Similar to breaking, locking, and popping, jerkin's popularity spread through dance crews. For example, The Rej3ctz (crew) created both the Cat Daddy[58] and the Reject dance moves.[56]: 2, 4 

Although jookin', turfing, and jerkin' generated regional support and media attention, none have reached the same zenith as krumping. Ceasare "Tight Eyez" Willis and Jo'Artis "Big Mijo" Ratti created krumping[59] in the early 2000s in South Central, Los Angeles.[60] It was only practiced in Los Angeles until it gained mainstream exposure after being featured in several music videos[61] and showcased in the krumping documentary Rize. Rize was screened at several film festivals before it was commercially released in the summer of 2005.[62][note 4] Clowning, the less aggressive predecessor to krumping, was created in 1992 by Thomas "Tommy the Clown" Johnson.[61][note 5] Johnson and his dancers would paint their faces and perform clowning for children at birthday parties or for the general public at other functions as a form of entertainment.[61] In contrast, krumping focuses on highly energetic battles and movements which Johnson describes as intense, fast-paced, and sharp.[61] Of the dance, journalist Taisha Paggett from Dance magazine stated "If movement were words, [krumping] would be a poetry slam."[60] Compared to breaking and the funk styles, jookin', turfing, jerkin', and krumping are relatively new. The music driving the dances and the cultural similarities between these street dance styles, the funk styles, and breaking have brought them together under the same subculture of hip-hop.

Dance industry

Commercial/New Style

See also: Lyrical hip-hop

The dance industry responded to hip-hop dance by creating a commercial version of it This urban choreography or studio hip-hop, sometimes called "new style", is the kind of hip-hop dance seen in rap, R&B, and pop music videos and concerts. From the point of view of someone deeply immersed in hip-hop culture, anything that looks like hip-hop dance that did not come from the streets and is not improvisational in nature is not a true hip-hop dance form. In an interview with Dance magazine, choreographer and hip-hop dance teacher Emilio "Buddha Stretch" Austin, Jr. described his point-of-view:

There are a lot of jazz dancers out there doing pseudo hip hop. A lot of teachers don't know the history, they're just teaching the steps. They're learning from videos, but they don't know the culture. If all you see is Britney Spears, you think that's hip hop, but that's never been hip hop. It's completely watered down. And studios could [sic] care less, because hip hop is one of their biggest moneymakers.[63]

Stage performance can suppress improvisation which defined hip-hop dance early in its development.[1][63][64] Furthermore, meshing different dance styles together dissolves their structures and identities.[1] In an interview with The Bronx Journal, choreographer and artistic director Safi Thomas expressed a similar qualm as Austin concerning hip-hop instruction within the studio:

In a lot of studios what you find is people just doing movement to hip-hop music. So if there's hip-hop music in the background, and they're moving, they're calling it a hip-hop class. The problem with that is let's say I wanted to teach a ballet class and I just come in, and I throw on Mozart, and I just start moving—and I'm not doing any of the foundational elements. I am not doing any of the movement vocabulary of ballet. I can not call that a ballet class and that's what happens in relation to hip-hop... within the studio realm there is no standard for the art form, and [the teachers] don't know what the foundational elements of the art are. They know nothing about popping, nothing about locking, nothing about boogaloo, breaking, or the hip-hop dance—the social dances—or any of that. They know none of the history which spans over 30–35 years, and so they pretty much cut off any type of edification that a dancer can have.[65]

 
Hip-hop dancer Joseph Coine performing in 2011 in Wallace Theater at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

The term "new style" was created by dancers outside the United States. According to Moncell Durden, adjunct professor at Drexel University and director of the film History and Concept of Hip-Hop Dance, the 1992 dance documentary Wreckin' Shop From Brooklyn was very influential to hip-hop dancers in France and Japan.[66] These dancers wanted to move like the New York hip-hop dancers who were profiled in the documentary. They called the social dancing (party dancing) they saw "new style" which was short for "New York Style".[66]

In the context of the commercial dance industry, hip hop (or new style hip-hop for dancers in France and Japan) is choreographed urban party dancing with studio technique added to it. From a technical aspect, it is characterized as hard-hitting involving flexibility and isolations—moving a specific body part independently from others.[67][68]: 82 

"I would say that Toni Basil was sort of our Abe Saperstein in terms of how she was able to organize us into a professional dance troupe. I remember her teaching us how to count music. She was like, okay, we were like, count music? How do you count soul? It was crazy, you know?... all of our cues kind of went something like this, boom, pop, do boom, pada da boom, pada like that. And she was like, how do you guys get in sync like that? I said it's a feeling, you know?"

Adolfo "Shabba-Doo" Quiñones;
The Lockers[42]

A significant juncture in the development of hip-hop was the addition of eight-counts, a method of counting dance steps to stay in sync with the music. Toni Basil introduced this studio technique into locking in the 1970s. Basil was trained in ballet before being introduced to street dance by Don Campbell, the creator of locking and founding member of The Lockers dance crew.[13] She is responsible for teaching the rest of The Lockers how to dance to counts. Traditionally hip-hop dance, or any form of street dance, is not performed to counts as these styles were created on the street rather than in a studio setting. Therefore, the introduction of counts was a pivotal move into bringing hip-hop dance from the street into the studio. Even with this addition, it would be years before commercial hip-hop developed into its current form.

A second important event in the development of hip-hop was the start of hip-hop dance instruction. Buddha Stretch was a pioneer in this field. He started teaching formal hip-hop dance classes in 1989 at Broadway Dance Center in New York City where he continues to teach today.[69] Around the same time, hip-hop party dancing started to appear in music videos and on television—this was another important point in the development and commercialization of hip-hop. An early example of this is when Janet Jackson performed the Running Man in her 1989 music video for the song "Rhythm Nation" which was choreographed by street dancer Anthony Thomas.[70] The dance was so popular during this time it was also performed by 1990s rappers MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice in their choreographed routines.[71] Michael Jackson also used hip-hop in his 1992 music video "Remember The Time" which was choreographed by a then 21-year-old Fatima Robinson.[72] At the time, Robinson was a street dancer with no formal training and "Remember the Time" was her first music video job.[73] According to MTV.com, "Dances have always been a part of hip-hop culture — from the running man to the Soulja Boy dance..."[58] and this era was the start of commercial hip-hop choreography as it looks today: dance routines are not specific to one genre (strictly popping, strictly locking, or strictly breaking) but rather an amalgamation of urban party dancing with studio technique added to it.

Jazz-funk

Main article: Jazz-funk dance

Another style the dance industry created in response to hip-hop was jazz-funk. Jazz-funk (also called street-jazz) is a hybrid of hip-hop and jazz dance.[14] This style was shown in its early form on a sketch comedy series called In Living Color.[74] The resident dance troupe, The Fly Girls, opened and closed every show with a hip-hop and jazz performance choreographed by Rosie Perez.[74] R&B singer Beyoncé uses this style.[14] Korean dance crew Prepix also uses this style.[75] They have choreographed for K-pop singers Jay Park and G.NA as well as for K-pop boy bands 2PM and B2ST.[75] Although jazz-funk borrows from hip-hop dance, it is not considered a style of hip-hop because the foundational movements are jazz. In hip-hop—even in lyrical hip-hop—there are no pirouettes or arabesques and dancers do not perform on relevé (on the balls of the feet). However, these methods are mostly used in jazz-funk and in jazz dance in general.[14]

Business developments

Other developments in the dance industry occurred in response to the growing popularity of hip-hop. On the traveling convention circuit there were tap, ballet, and jazz dance conventions, but there were none specifically for hip-hop. The same void existed in dancewear. There was dancewear for tap, ballet, and jazz dancers but none for hip-hop dancers. Monsters of Hip Hop and Nappytabs dancewear were formed to answer to both needs. Nappytabs is the first line of hip-hop dancewear.[76] Because their clothing is made for hip-hop dancers, they do not sell leotards, unitards, tights, or leg warmers. Their line consists of tank tops, shorts, t-shirts, sweat pants, harem pants, and hoodies. Monsters of Hip Hop (MOHH) was founded in 2003 in Baltimore, Maryland by Andy Funk, Becky Funk, and Angie Servant.[77] The convention is dedicated exclusively to hip-hop instruction.[78] Fatima Robinson, Stefan "Mr. Wiggles" Clemente, and Timothy "Popin' Pete" Solomon have taught classes at MOHH in the past.[78] Every year, the convention brings together its top student dancers for a professionally choreographed showcase in Los Angeles called Monsters of Hip Hop: The Show.[79]

MOHH may have been the first hip-hop dance convention, but it is not the only one that exists. Urban Dance Camp (UDC) is a six-week-long German-based dance convention held every year in Lörrach, a small town on the border of France and Switzerland.[80] In a report on the event by a local paper, Bettina Kraft, the manager of UDC, estimated that 85% of the participants were from outside Germany. In 2009 Kraft created Urban Dance Showcase, a parallel event to UDC reserved only for performances by professional choreographers, dance crews, and UDC teachers.[81] Dancers such as Shaun Evaristo, Les Twins, I.aM.mE, b-boy Lilou, and b-boy Hong 10 have performed at the showcase in the past.[82]

Aside from dancewear and conventions, developments in agency representation occurred as well. Although limited, representation for individual dancers had existed since the 1980s at the beginning of the music video era due to the pioneering work of talent agent Julie McDonald.[note 6] However, the UK-based dance agencies ProDance and Superbad Talent were created to exclusively represent street dancers.[83][84]

Entertainment

Movies

The entertainment industry has been largely responsible for introducing hip-hop dance to mainstream audiences around the world. Early hip-hop films Wild Style, Beat Street, and Breakin' were made in the 1980s. When Wild Style opened in Japan, Rock Steady Crew performed breaking in Tokyo's Harajuku shopping district to promote the film.[85] Wild Style was the first movie centered around hip-hop culture; however, Flashdance was the first commercially released film to feature breaking.[86][note 7] In 1984, Beat Street was released in West Germany and screened at the Cannes Film Festival which helped to introduce breaking, graffiti writing, and turntablism to this part of Europe.[87][88] Breakin' and Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo brought the funk styles to the cinema. Breaking, locking, popping, and waacking were performed in these films.[89] At this time in the 1980s, the United States was not the only country producing hip-hop films. In 1985, Yuen Woo-ping directed a hip-hop themed romantic comedy in Hong Kong called Mismatched Couples starring Donnie Yen.[90] Another hip-hop film, Electro Rock, was released the same year in the United Kingdom.[91] This film featured a then 14-year-old Hanifa "Bubbles" McQueen Hudson, the UK's first b-girl.[91]

Several hip-hop dance films were produced after the millennium. The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy, Neukölln Unlimited, B-Girl, Bouncing Cats, Planet B-Boy, and Battle of the Year: The Dream Team all showcase breaking. Films such as Honey, Save the Last Dance, You Got Served, the Step Up film series, StreetDance 3D, Hype Nation, Saigon Electric, Berlin Dance Battle 3D, and ABCD: Any Body Can Dance showcase all forms of hip-hop dance, especially new style hip-hop. Rize, The Heart of Krump, and Shake City 101 are documentaries about krumping. All of these movies and documentaries are examples of films where the plot and theme surround hip-hop dance and how it affects the characters' lives. Bouncing Cats is the story of b-boy Abraham "Abramz" Tekya who uses b-boying to empower youth in Uganda. In 2010, the film won "Outstanding Achievement in Documentary Filmmaking" at Newport Beach Film Festival and "Best Documentary Feature" at Urbanworld Film Festival.[92] Saigon Electric was Vietnam's first hip-hop film.[93] It was written, produced, and directed by Vietnamese-American filmmaker Stephane Gauger. The film is about two female dancers (a ribbon dancer and a hip-hop dancer) and how their respective romances, the threat of their community center being torn down, and the stress of an upcoming dance battle affects their friendship.[94][95] The film was choreographed by Viet Max and Ricky Cole.[96] In 2012, it won a Golden Kite Prize (the Vietnamese equivalent of The Oscars/BAFTAs) for "Best Film" and "Best Actress".[97]

Television

Before reaching movie audiences, hip-hop dance was already being broadcast on television. Soul Train was a syndicated, music variety show that featured social dancing and performances by African-American soul, funk, and R&B singers. The show was broadcast in South Korea via the US Armed Forces Korea Network.[98] Before officially becoming a crew, The Lockers made several appearances on this show.[99] After becoming a crew, The Electric Boogaloos also appeared on the show.[14][100] Soul Train premiered in 1970.[101] During its 36 year run, the resident freestyle dancers were referred to as the Soul Train Gang.[102] Auditions were held in 1971 when the show moved from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California. Dancers who wanted to get on Soul Train after this time had to rely on word-of-mouth recommendations from dancers who were already employed by the show.[102][103] A regular feature during the broadcast was the Soul Train Line.[104] To participate, the dancers formed two lines of equal length facing each other with a large space in between them. Each dancer in line would take their turn dancing down the middle.

Other music variety shows on television at this time were American Bandstand, Solid Gold, and Top of the Pops. Unlike Soul Train which focused on soul and funk, these shows promoted Top 40 music and pop acts. Solid Gold employed a permanent dance troupe called the Solid Gold Dancers who performed choreographed routines to musical performances. Lucinda Dickey, an actress and dancer who played the lead role in the Breakin' films, appeared on the show during the 1982–1983 season as a Solid Gold dancer. In 1983, street dancers Marc "Mr. Freeze" Lemberger from Rock Steady Crew, Timothy "Popin' Pete" Solomon and Dane "Robot Dane" Parker from the Electric Boogaloos, and locking dancers Alpha "Omega" Anderson and Lewis "Deputy" Green also appeared on Solid Gold during a performance to the song "What a Feeling" from the movie Flashdance.[105] In 1982 during a performance in London on Top of the Pops, street dancer Jeffrey Daniel performed popping and the backslide during the song "A Night to Remember". This was the first time popping was shown on British television, thus spreading its popularity in the United Kingdom.[106][107] A year later, Michael Jackson also performed the backslide during a performance of "Billie Jean" on the Motown 25 TV special.[108] He called it the moonwalk and his performance spread its popularity all over the world[109] to much larger extent than Daniel's performance did. It was Jeffrey Daniel who taught Michael Jackson how to do the backslide/moonwalk.[note 8][112][113]

 
The JabbaWockeez, winners of the first season of America's Best Dance Crew, performing in 2008 at Vivid Nightclub in San Jose, California.

A few hip-hop dance shows appeared on television in the 1990s such as 1991's The Party Machine with Nia Peeples[note 9] and 1992's The Grind. Several hip-hop dance shows premiered in the 2000s including (but not limited to) Dance Fever, Dance 360, The Wade Robson Project, MTV Dance Crew, America's Best Dance Crew, Dance on Sunset, and Shake It Up. In 2006, MTV France documented the creation of a dance crew for an original series called MTV Dance Crew.[115] Viewers were able to see the crew from auditions to the selection of the final eight who were subsequently named Original Soul. Original Soul was coached by three professional choreographers who mentored them and helped refine their dancing. Over the course of 32 episodes they routinely participated in professional dance battles including the popping battle at Juste Debout, the Seven 2 Smoke battle at The Notorious IBE, and b-boy battles at Chelles Battle Pro.[115] B-boy Lilou, b-boy crew Phase T, and promoter Bruce Ykanji (the founder of Juste Debout) all made appearances in the show.[115]

The founders of Hip Hop International, Howard and Karen Schwartz, created the reality hip-hop dance competition America's Best Dance Crew (ABDC) in 2008.[16][116] On the show, different crews competed in dance challenges against each other every week. ABDC contributed to the exposure of several crews such as Jabbawockeez, Quest, Beat Freaks, Poreotics, and Kinjaz. These crews now have official websites, work with musical artists, and perform at live events. The JabbaWockeeZ had a show in Las Vegas, Nevada called MÜS.I.C. at the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino.[117] MÜS.I.C. was the first hip-hop dance stage show on the Las Vegas Strip.[117] In 2012, the Jabbawockeez performed the show during a five-month residency at the Jupiters Hotel and Casino in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.[118] Both Poreotics and Hokuto "Hok" Konishi from Quest were nominated for a 2011 MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography.[119] Poreotics was nominated with singer Bruno Mars for his video "The Lazy Song". Hok was nominated for LMFAO's video "Party Rock Anthem"; the rest of Quest crew appeared in the video as featured dancers.[119]

In contrast to ABDC, individual dancers from all backgrounds compete on the reality dance competition So You Think You Can Dance (SYTYCD) and World of Dance (WOD). It has a similar premise to the Idol series of singing competitions with initial auditions leading to the selection of a winner over the course of several episodes. In 2008, poppers Robert "Mr. Fantastic" Muraine and Phillip "Pacman" Chbeeb auditioned during season four of the US SYTYCD series. Neither made it to the final "Top 20", but the judges were so impressed with their dancing that both were invited back to participate in a popping battle against each other on the show's live finale. According to Muraine, this was the first popping battle that was nationally televised.[120] After the battle, hip-hop dancer Joshua Allen was declared the winner of season four of the competition.[121] The same year Mona-Jeanette Berntsen, a hip-hop dancer from Norway, won the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia.[122] In 2017, hip hop duo Les Twins won the inaugural season of World of Dance. Hip hop dance crew The Lab won the following year.

Hip-hop dance has also been popular among viewers of the Got Talent series. French hip-hop dancer Salah won the first season of Incroyable Talent in 2006.[123] French b-boy Junior won the second season in 2007.[124] In 2008, hip-hop dancer George Sampson won Britain's Got Talent,[125] Danish popping and roboting duo Robot Boys won Talent 2008 (da),[126] and hip-hop dance crew Quick won the Norwegian version of the show.[127] After George Sampson, dance crew Diversity won the next season of Britain's Got Talent in 2009.[128][note 10] The same year, Brazilian crew D-Efeitos won Qual é o Seu Talento? (What's Your Talent?).[129] In 2010, Justice Crew won Australia's Got Talent.[130] After signing a recording contract with Sony Music Australia, Justice Crew shot a video for their single "Dance with Me" featuring rapper Flo Rida and America's Best Dance Crew alumni Beat Freaks.[131] In 2015, nine years after he won Incroyable Talent, hip-hop dancer Salah won the fourth season of Arabs Got Talent.[132]

Theater

See also: Hip-hop theater
 
Choreographer and artistic director Rennie Harris in 2011.

Though hip-hop dancing is established on film and on television, it has not gained the same level of exposure in theater. This may be due to the fact that the dance is performed more in film and in television than it is in a theatrical setting.[133] B-boy and popper Stefan "Mr. Wiggles" Clemente and hip-hop historian Jorge "Popmaster Fabel" Pabon were involved in hip-hop theater at its inception. Their dance company, GhettOriginal, produced the first hip-hop stage shows: 1991's off Broadway musical So! What Happens Now? and 1995's Jam on the Groove.[134][135] Both shows were performed by the Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force, and the Rhythm Technicians.[136][137] Aside from the pioneers in New York City was Rennie Harris' Puremovement hip-hop theater company. Harris founded Puremovement in 1992 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[64] One of Puremovement's theater shows Rome & Jewels won two Black Theater Alliance Awards and three Bessie Awards.[138] In 2012, Harris and his company toured Egypt, Israel, and the Palestinian territories as part of Dance Motion USA, a program sponsored by the US State Department to showcase American dance to other countries and promote cultural exchange.[139]

German b-boy pioneer Niels "Storm" Robitzky has his performance roots in hip-hop theater. In 1991, Robitzky—who went by the name "Swipe"—left Germany with his crew Battle Squad for New York City to look for b-boy legends they could study under.[140] When he got to New York, he met b-boy Gabriel "Kwikstep" Dionisio who personally mentored him and introduced him to New York techniques.[140] While in New York, he also learned about the funk styles from Clemente.[141] Clemente and Dionisio knew each other since Dionisio was an original member of both GhettOriginal and the Rhythm Technicians.[140] A year later in 1992, Robitzky performed with GhettOriginal at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. and at the Lincoln Center in New York City.[141] It was Dionisio who gave Robitzky a new name, "Storm".[140] In 2000, he wrote a book called Von Swipe zu Storm: Breakdance in Deutschland (From Swipe to Storm: Breakdance in Germany).[142]

Dancers in the United Kingdom have had success in hip-hop theater. In 2006, hip-hop dance company Boy Blue Entertainment won a Laurence Olivier Award for their show Pied Piper.[143] In 2008, Into the Hoods became the first hip-hop theater show to perform in London's West End.[144] It eventually went on to become the West End's longest running dance show ever.[145]

Online content

YAK Films is a three-man team that films urban dance around the world. It was founded in Oakland, California by Yoram Savion and Kash Grimes.[146][147] Their first videos were of the Turf Feinz dance crew performing turfing—a regional hip-hop dance style from Oakland.[148] After generating significant views on YouTube, they started YAK (Yoram And Kash) Films and added music producer Ben "B'zwax" Tarquin to the team.[146][147] From shooting videos only in the United States, they were able to easily transition to covering dance events in Europe due to Savion's dual French citizenship.[146] In 2009, they filmed Battle of the Year's first one-on-one b-boy competition, and in 2010 they filmed dance battles at Juste Debout, a French street dance competition.[148] Some of their more popular videos have been featured in Oakland Local[149] and the Huffington Post.[150][151]

Juba Films was founded in Germany by Julien Bam and Gong Bao. Rather than film freestyle content, Juba ("Ju"lien and "Ba"o) produces short films with a storyline. For their short b-boy film "More Than Bread", they won first place at the 7th International Online Dance Festival in 2011.[152] Both Juba Films and YAK Films appeared at The Notorious IBE's New Dance Media Conference discussing the relationship between street dance and visual arts.[153] Although Juba Films has won an award and YAK Films has booked high-profile events, they are not the only film production teams distributing hip-hop dance videos on the Internet. House of Crews, Strife TV, Pacific Rim Video Press, ProDance TV, Battle Fest Extreme, Urban Dance Show, Ocke Films, World of Dance Network, and Canal Street TV also produce hundreds of high-quality hip-hop dance content.[note 11]

The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers (The LXD) was a good-versus-evil themed web series created by Jon M. Chu[154][note 12] about a group of dancers who discover they have super powers through their dance moves.[155] Each character specializes in one dance style. Consequently, a wide range of styles are displayed including krumping, tutting, breaking, locking, boogaloo, and popping.[155][156] The majority of the dancing shown in the series is hip-hop; however, other styles were also performed including jazz, tap, and ballet.[157] AdvertisingAge.com gave the series a favorable review stating "...each episode of 'LXD' packs a wealth of narrative sophistication into its eight or nine minutes. Combine this with the theater-worthy production values and a cast that exerts itself to an ungodly extent, and the end result is – pun time! – extraordinary."[158]

International competitions

See also: B-boying § World championships
 
The 2010 winners of the b-boy crew battle at Freestyle Session Taiwan.
  • UK B-Boy Championships was founded by DJ Hooch in 1996 in London.[159][160] There are four world championship titles: breaking crew champions, solo b-boy champion, solo popping champion, and solo hip-hop champion.[161] The world finals also include the "Fresh Awards" (best dressed) which are hosted and judged every year by Richard "Crazy Legs" Colón—the president of Rock Steady Crew.[162] In 2011, DJ Hooch wrote a book about the competition called B-Boy Championships: From Bronx to Brixton.[163]
  • Freestyle Session was founded in 1997 in California by graffiti writer and DJ Chris "Cros1" Wright.[164][165] It is the largest breaking competition in the United States.[166] The main competitive event is for b-boy crews, but there are also popping and locking competitions for solo competitors.[14][165] Although the US is the flagship location for Freestyle Session, it is not the only country where it is held. Promoters outside the US pay Cros1 to use Freestyle Session's name and fly him to their location to judge the competition.[167] Using this method, Freestyle Session has been held in 18 other countries including Poland, Russia, Switzerland, and Venezuela.[167]
  • Hip Hop International (HHI) was founded in 2002 in the United States by Howard and Karen Schwartz.[116][168] There are two categories of competitions: World Battles and World Hip Hop Dance Championship. Within the World Battles category, there are four titles including three-on-three breaking champions, one-on-one popping champion, one-on-one locking champion, and one-on-one all styles (freestyle) champion.[168] The World Hip Hop Dance Championship is for hip-hop crews. There are four divisions: junior (ages 8–12), varsity (13–17), adult (18+), and mega crew (all ages).[16] Each crew must have at least five but not more than nine people (mega crew must have 15–40)[169] and must perform a routine that showcases three styles of hip-hop dance.[116] For the 2009 competition, there were 120 crews representing 30 countries.[116] HHI also created the USA Hip Hop Dance Championship and the television show America's Best Dance Crew.[168]
  • Juste Debout was founded in 2002 by Bruce Ykanji in Paris.[14][170] Competition categories include popping, hip-hop, locking, house, toprock, and experimental.[170] Breaking is not included to put more focus on dance styles performed while standing up, hence the name (French for Just Standing). There are not any team trophies at Juste Debout. The experimental and toprock categories are only for solo dancers; popping, new style, locking, and house are for duos.[170] In 2008, Ingrid "Shéyen" Gamboa, the editor-in-chief of Juste Debout magazine, wrote a book called Hip-hop: L'histoire de la danse (Hip Hop: A history of the dance).[171]
  • United Dance Organisation (UDO) was founded in 2002 in the United Kingdom.[172] UDO operates the British Street Dance Championships, the European Street Dance Championships, the North American Championships, and the World Street Dance Championships. The European championships are held in Germany rather than in the UK.[173]
  • Street Dance Kemp Europe (SDK Europe) is a competition and dance convention founded in 2004 in Jedovnice, Czech Republic.[174] There is a hip-hop crew battle and solo battles for house, krumping, locking, hip-hop male, and hip-hop female dancers.[174] SDK Europe begins every year in the summer and lasts seven days. Daytime hours are reserved primarily for dance workshops and classes taught by an international pool of instructors; competitive events are held at night. All of the classes, workshops, and competitive events are held outside.
  • EuroBattle was founded in 2005 in Portugal by Max from Momentum crew.[175] There are five competitive events for solo dancers including b-boying, b-girling, hip-hop, locking, and popping.[176] The international final is held in Porto but the winner of the Spanish qualifying tournament also gets to compete at the UK B-Boy Championships in London.[175]
  • World Supremacy Battlegrounds is a hip-hop dance competition based in Australia. The heritage of World Supremacy Battlegrounds goes back to 2002 when it began as GROOVE, a local hip-hop competition held in Sydney.[177] Over the three years that followed, the competition was renamed Battlegrounds and went national to include dance crews from all over Australia.[177] It became international in 2006 when crews from the Philippines, Japan, and New Zealand entered the competition.[177] There are four dance crew categories: open (all ages), junior (12 and under), varsity (12–18), and monster (all ages, 20–40 members). For the 2011 competition, teams from Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Japan, Guam, New Zealand, Samoa, and South Africa came to compete.[178]
  • World of Dance Tour (WOD) was founded in 2008 by Myron Marten and David Gonzales in Pomona, California.[179] It differs from other competitions because there is no final championship. WOD travels to different cities in the United States, Canada, and Europe and holds a competition in each location; therefore, WOD distinguishes itself as a tour.[180] Each tour stop is a stand-alone competition; they are all related to each other in name only. In 2013, WOD traveled to New York City, Vallejo, Seattle, Vancouver, Berlin, Dallas, Toronto, San Diego, Montreal, Eindhoven, Boston, Orlando, Houston, Chicago, Seattle, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Union City, and Antwerp.[180] WOD reached a larger audience in 2017 when NBC started airing a television show based on the competition.
  • World Dance Colosseum is a two-on-two dance competition founded in Japan. There are five two-on-two world championship titles: b-boying, locking, popping, hip-hop, and house. Japanese dancers qualify for the international final through preliminary tournaments held in the country but foreign dancers do not qualify through tournaments because 30 of the top-ranked foreign dancers are automatically invited to participate in the final.[181] At the final, the winning duos from the Japanese tournaments compete against the top-ranked foreign duos to determine who is the best.[181]
  • Vibe Dance Competition is a choreography competition that was started by Joseph Lising in 1995 as a Greek Talent Show at UC Irvine. It later evolved into one of the biggest competitions for choreography hip hop teams in the world, hosting teams from all over the US, Canada, the Philippines, and Japan.

Education

In 2004, Safi Thomas founded the Hip-Hop Dance Conservatory (HHDC) in New York City.[65] Thomas' goal was to provide a comprehensive education to hip-hop dancers that was comparable to what ballet, modern, and jazz dancers experience at their respective institutions.[182] HHDC provides a formal curriculum with dance classes (breaking, freestyle, locking, etc.) and academic classes (dance theory, physiology, kinesiology, etc.) to people who want to pursue hip-hop dance as a career.[65][183] It is the only educational institution in the United States that is exclusively dedicated to hip-hop dance instruction.[183] HHDC does not grant degrees. It is a non-profit organization and repertory company that grants certifications to dancers that complete the three-year program.[65]

Three years later in 2007, the University of East London's Center for Performing Arts Development (CPAD) started intake for the only bachelor's degree program in the world specializing in hip-hop, urban, and global dance forms.[184] The CPAD's program also lasts three years, but it is not exclusive to hip-hop. Students also study African dance, kathak, Bollywood, and capoeira.

Footnotes

  1. ^ The Running Man has African origins. It was performed at the Fela Kuti concert "Cross Examination" in Berlin in 1978.[21]
  2. ^ Two regional substyles that developed out of popping are jookin' (also called buckin)[14] from Memphis, Tennessee and turfing from Oakland, California. Turfing borrows heavily from gliding.[47]
  3. ^ The moonwalk, called the backslide in popping context, is an example of sliding.
  4. ^ Rize had a limited release when shown in theaters.[62]
  5. ^ Clowning is not the same as the clown walk.
  6. ^ Representation for dance groups existed before the music video era. In the 1970s, The Lockers were represented by ICM Talent Agency.[40]
  7. ^ Wild Style was produced in New York City and independently released.[86]
  8. ^ Jeffrey Daniel learned the backslide from The Electric Boogaloos.[110][111]
  9. ^ Prior to The Party Machine, Nia Peeples hosted the US version of Top of the Pops.[114]
  10. ^ George Sampson and Diversity appeared in the film StreetDance 3D.
  11. ^ CanalStreet.tv is owned by Canal+, a French premium television channel.
  12. ^ Jon Chu also directed the movies Step Up 2: The Streets and Step Up 3D.

References

Citations

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  4. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2005). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Menomonee Falls: Record Research. p. 85. ISBN 0898201608.
  5. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. "Toprockin's structure and form fuse dance forms and influences from uprocking, tap, lindy hop, James Brown's "good foot," salsa, Afro-Cuban, and various African and Native American dances."
  6. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 14.
  7. ^ Chang 2005, p. 138.
  8. ^ Chang 2006, p. 21. "The structure was different from b-boying/b-girling since dancers in b-boy/b-girl battles took turns dancing, while uprocking was done with partners."
  9. ^ Hess, Mickey, ed. (2007). Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture. Vol. 1. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. xxi. ISBN 978-0313339035. Jamaican American DJ Kool Herc creates the beak beat by isolating the most exciting instrumental break in a record and looping that section so that the break played continuously.
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Bibliography

  • Chang, Jeff (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 031230143X.
  • Chang, Jeff (2006). Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-Hop. New York City: BasicCivitas. ISBN 0465009093.
  • DJ Hooch (2011). B-Boy Championships: From Bronx to Brixton. London: Virgin Books ISBN 0753540010.
  • Guzman-Sanchez, Thomas (2012). Underground Dance Masters: Final History of a Forgotten Era. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 0313386927.
  • Kugelberg, Johan (2007). Born in the Bronx. New York City: Rizzoli International Publications ISBN 0789315408.
  • Pagett, Matt (2008). The Best Dance Moves in the World... Ever. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0811863034.
  • Rivera, Raquel (2003). New York Ricans from the Hip Hop Zone. New York City: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 1403960437.
  • Schloss, Joseph (2009). Foundation: B-Boys, B-Girls and Hip-Hop Culture in New York. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195334051.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hip-hop dance.
  • Breaking – Lilou vs. Morris at Red Bull BC One 2009 (Semi-Final) on YouTube
  • Locking – Firelock & Hurrikane in ATSLOPES Bike Shop Lock on YouTube
  • Popping – Salah in TWIST // Choose the dimension of your life! on YouTube
  • Tutting – Di "Moon" Zhang and Hokuto "Hok" Konishi in The Art of Tutting on YouTube
    • Finger Tutting – Nemesis, PNut, CTut, Strobe, Era in Dexterity on YouTube
  • Boogaloo – Chuck Powell in "An Intro to Basic Movements" on YouTube
  • Uprock – Rob Nasty vs. Foots at B-Boy Hodown 2006 on YouTube
  • Roboting – Paul Dateh & Chadd "Madd Chadd" Smith in My Musical Robot on YouTube
  • Turfing – Precise Films' Bay Area Turfing on YouTube
  • Jerkin' – Audio Push "Teach Me How To Jerk" instructional video on YouTube
  • Krumping – Russell "Gutta" Ferguson, Larry "Ruin" Combs, Darren "Outrage" King, and Christopher "Worm" Lewis in Midnight Krump on YouTube
  • Memphis Jookin' – Charles "Lil Buck" Riley dancing in tunnel to LYNX "Burning Bone" on YouTube
  • New Style – Les Twins vs. Lil' O & Tyger B at Juste Debout 2011 (Semi-Final) on YouTube
  • Lyrical Hip-Hop – SYTYCD Benelux Season 2: Els and Angelo on Vimeo

April 17, 2023
dance, range, street, dance, styles, primarily, performed, music, that, have, evolved, part, culture, influenced, wide, range, styles, that, were, created, 1970s, made, popular, dance, crews, united, states, television, show, soul, train, 1980s, films, breakin. Hip hop dance is a range of street dance styles primarily performed to hip hop music or that have evolved as part of hip hop culture It is influenced by a wide range of styles that were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin Beat Street and Wild Style showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages therefore giving hip hop dance mainstream exposure Hip hop danceA b boy performing in Turkey surrounded by a group of spectators Primary influencesBreaking Locking PoppingDerivative stylesStreetMemphis Jookin Turfing Jerkin KrumpingStudioCommercial New Style Jazz funk Lyrical hip hopCultural MarkersOriginsTurntables Hip hop music Social dancing Party dancing African American cultureAttributesCrews Freestyle BattlesThe dance industry responded with a commercial studio based version of hip hop sometimes called new style and a hip hop influenced style of jazz dance called jazz funk Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to create choreography from the hip hop dances that were performed on the street Because of this development hip hop dance is practiced in both dance studios and outdoor spaces The commercialization of hip hop dance continued into the 1990s and 2000s with the production of several television shows and movies such as The Grind Planet B Boy Rize StreetDance 3D America s Best Dance Crew Saigon Electric the Step Up film series and The LXD a web series Though the dance is established in entertainment including mild representation in theater it maintains a strong presence in urban neighborhoods which has led to the creation of street dance derivatives Memphis jookin turfing jerkin and krump What distinguishes hip hop from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle improvisational in nature and hip hop dance crews often engage in freestyle dance competitions colloquially referred to as battles Films television shows and the Internet have contributed to introducing hip hop dance outside the United States Since being exposed educational opportunities and corporate dance competitions such as World of Dance and Hip Hop International have helped maintain its presence worldwide Hip hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby It can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally Contents 1 History 2 Primary influences 2 1 Breaking 2 2 Locking 2 3 Popping 3 Derivative styles 4 Dance industry 4 1 Commercial New Style 4 2 Jazz funk 4 3 Business developments 5 Entertainment 5 1 Movies 5 2 Television 5 3 Theater 5 4 Online content 6 International competitions 7 Education 8 Footnotes 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditMain article History of hip hop dance Hip hop dance is a fusion dance genre with influences from older street dance styles created in the 1970s These include uprock breaking and the funk styles 1 Breaking was created in The Bronx New York in the early 1970s 2 In its earliest form it began as elaborations on James Brown s Good Foot dance which debuted in 1972 1 3 4 Breaking at this period was not primarily floor oriented as seen today it started out as toprock which dancers perform while standing up An influence on toprock was uprock 5 which was created in Brooklyn New York 6 7 Uprock looks similar to toprock but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight Uprock is also performed with partners but in toprock and in breaking in general each person takes turns dancing 8 In 1973 DJ Kool Herc invented the break beat 9 10 A break beat is a rhythmic musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to demonstrate their skills 10 B boy and b girl stands for break boy and break girl b boys and b girls dance to the break of a record 10 Further influenced by martial arts 11 and gymnastics breaking went from being a purely upright dance style toprock only to becoming more floor oriented At the same time that breaking was developing in New York other styles were being created in California The funk styles refer to several street dance styles created in California in the 1970s such as roboting bopping hitting locking bustin popping boogaloo strutting sac ing and dime stopping 12 Out of all of these dances Boogaloo is one of the oldest It started out as a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of several songs released during that time such as Do the Boogaloo and My Baby Likes to Boogaloo From being a fad it developed into a street dance style called Boogaloo in Oakland CA as well as a separate music genre called Latin boogaloo The most popular and widely practiced of the funk styles are Locking and popping 13 The television show Soul Train played a large role in giving these styles commercial exposure Both The Lockers and The Electric Boogaloos dance crews responsible for the spread of locking and popping performed on this show 14 It is historically inaccurate to say that the funk styles were always considered hip hop 15 In an interview with Racked Moncell Durden assistant dance professor at the University of Southern California is quoted as saying Hip hop dance involves two dances breaking and social dances That s it Nothing else is hip hop 16 17 The funk styles were adopted into hip hop in large part due to the media 15 The media identified these styles as breakdance which caused confusion about their origin 18 19 They were created on the west coast independent from breaking and were originally danced to funk music rather than hip hop music 14 15 As breaking locking and popping gained popularity in the 1980s hip hop social dancing party dancing started to develop Novelty and fad dances such as the Roger Rabbit the Cabbage Patch and the Worm appeared in the 1980s followed by the Humpty dance and the Running Man in the 1990s 20 note 1 The music of the day was the driving force in the development of these dances For example the 1980s rap group Gucci Crew II had a song called The Cabbage Patch that the dance of the same name was based on 22 2000s era social dances include the Cha Cha Slide the Cat Daddy and the Dougie The previously mentioned dances are a sample of the many that have appeared since hip hop developed into a distinct dance style Like hip hop music hip hop social dancing continues to change as new songs are released and new dances are created to accompany them Primary influences EditBreaking Edit Main article Breakdancing A b boy in an airchair freeze at Street Summit 2006 in Moscow Breaking or b boying commonly known by its exonym as breakdancing was created in the South Bronx New York City during the early 1970s 3 It is the first hip hop dance style At the time of its creation it was the only hip hop dance style because Afrika Bambaataa classified it as one of the five pillars of hip hop culture along with MCing rapping DJing turntablism graffiti writing bombing and knowledge 23 24 25 26 Though African Americans created breaking 27 28 Puerto Ricans maintained its growth and development when it was considered a fad in the late 1970s 29 In a 2001 interview Richard Crazy Legs Colon the president of Rock Steady Crew commented on how Puerto Ricans contributed to breaking I think the difference is when the brothas first started doing it and it was at its infancy they weren t doing acrobatic moves That didn t come into play until more Puerto Ricans got involved in the mid 70s We then took the dance evolved it and kept it alive In 79 I was getting dissed I would go into a dance and I would get dissed by a lot of brothas who would ask Why y all still doing that dance That s played out By 79 there were very few African American brothas that was doing this We always maintained the flava It was like a changing of the guard and all we did was add more flava to something that already existed 28 30 31 Breaking includes four foundational dances toprock footwork oriented steps performed while standing up downrock footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor freezes stylish poses done on your hands and power moves complex and impressive acrobatic moves 32 Transitions from toprock to downrock are called drops 33 34 Traditionally breakers dance within a cypher or an Apache Line A cypher is a circular shaped dance space formed by spectators that breakers use to perform or battle in 12 32 Cyphers work well for one on one b boy or b girl break boy break girl battles however Apache Lines are more appropriate when the battle is between two crews teams of street dancers In contrast to the circular shape of a cypher competing crews face each other in an Apache Line challenge each other and execute their burns a move intended to humiliate the opponent i e crotch grabbing 35 36 37 38 Locking Edit Main article Locking Locking originally called Campbellocking was created in 1969 in Los Angeles California by Don Campbellock Campbell and popularized by his crew The Lockers 13 39 In addition to Campbell the original members of The Lockers were Fred Mr Penguin Berry Leo Fluky Luke Williamson Adolfo Shabba Doo Quinones Bill Slim the Robot Williams Greg Campbellock Jr Pope and Toni Basil who also served as the group s manager 40 41 42 At the 2009 World Hip Hop Dance Championships Basil became the first female recipient of the Living Legend Award in honor of her role in giving locking commercial exposure 43 Locking looks similar to popping and the two are frequently confused by the casual observer In locking dancers hold their positions longer The lock is the primary move used in locking It is similar to a freeze or a sudden pause 44 A locker s dancing is characterized by frequently locking in place and after a brief freeze moving again 13 According to Dance Spirit magazine a dancer cannot perform both locking and popping simultaneously thus it is incorrect to call locking pop locking 13 45 While both styles are from Los Angeles locking and popping are two distinct funk styles with their own histories their own set of dance moves their own pioneers and their own competition categories Locking is more playful and character driven whereas popping is more illusory 13 In popping dancers push the boundaries of what they can do with their bodies 13 Locking has specific dance moves that distinguish it from popping and other funk styles In the 2006 book Total Chaos hip hop historian Jorge Popmaster Fabel Pabon lists some of these moves which include the lock points skeeter rabbits scooby doos stop n go which away and the fancies 44 In addition Lockers commonly use a distinctive dress style characterized by colorful clothing with stripes and suspenders 13 Popping Edit Main article Popping Popping was derived from the earlier boogaloo street dance movement taking place in Oakland California during the late 1960s It was created in Fresno California in the 1970s and popularized by Samuel Boogaloo Sam Solomon and his crew the Electric Boogaloos 13 It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer s body referred to as a pop or a hit When performed correctly each hit is synchronized to the rhythm and beats of the music Popping is also used as an umbrella term to refer to a wide range of closely related illusionary dance styles 46 such as strobing liquid animation twisto flex and waving 14 46 Dancers often integrate these styles with standard popping to create a more varied performance note 2 In all of these subgenres it appears to the spectator that the body is popping The difference between each subgenre is how exaggerated the popping is In liquid the body movements look like water The popping is so smooth that the movements do not look like popping at all they look fluid 14 The opposite of this is strobing also called ticking in which the movements are staccato and jerky 48 Popping as an umbrella term also includes gliding 14 46 Gliding is a lower body dance performed with little to no movements in the chest or arms In gliding a dancer appears as if they are drifting across the floor on ice note 3 Opposite from gliding is tutting an upper body dance that uses the arms hands and wrists to form right angles and create geometric box like shapes Tutting can be done primarily with the fingers rather than the arms This method is called finger tutting In both variations the movements are intricate linear and form 90 or 45 angles In practice tutting looks like the characters on the art of ancient Egypt 49 50 51 2 hence the name a reference to King Tut While popping as an umbrella term is widely used by hip hop dancers and in competitive hip hop dancing Timothy Popin Pete Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees with the use of the word popping in this way Many of these related styles animation liquid tutting etc can not be traced to one person or group Solomon states There are people who wave and there are people who tut They re not popping I say this to give the people who created other styles their just dues and their props 13 Derivative styles EditMain articles Memphis Jookin Turfing Jerkin and Krumping Decades after breaking locking and popping became established four new dance styles appeared Three of them come from California and one comes from Tennessee Memphis Jookin was created in the 1980s in Memphis Tennessee It is an evolution of an older Memphis line dance called The Gangsta Walk 51 1 52 According to Dance magazine jookin is characterized by dancers gliding footwork popping and waving and using the tips of their sneakers to balance on pointe 53 Gliding on tiptoes is fundamental to this dance While watching a jookin battle in Jackson Tennessee dance critic Alastair Macaulay observed that the most evidently sensational feature of jookin is the extensive use of what a ballet observer is bound to call pointwork the men in sneakers go onto tiptoe many of the men not only rose onto point but also hopped turned ran and balanced on point 54 Jookers have traditionally practiced their moves at the Crystal Palace skating rink in Memphis which is akin to how milongueros practice their moves in public spaces in Buenos Aires 53 Turfing an acronym for Taking Up Room on the Floor was created in 2002 by Jeriel Bey in Oakland California 47 Turfing is a fusion of miming and gliding that places heavy emphasis on storytelling through movement and illusion Other than San Francisco Bay Area pride turfing avoided becoming a fad due to local turf dance competitions and local youth programs that promote turfing as a form of physical activity 47 The dance style Jerkin was popularized in 2009 by the New Boyz s rap song You re a Jerk 55 56 1 This song went viral via their MySpace page before they had a manager or were signed to a record label 56 1 3 After hearing about the song Los Angeles radio station Power 106 hired the New Boyz to perform at local high schools These shows led to You re a Jerk entering the radio s playlist 56 2 Later the same year rap duo Audio Push released the song and video Teach Me How to Jerk which showcased the different dance moves within jerkin including the Reject the Running Man done in reverse 55 57 Dancers who perform jerkin typically wear bright colors skinny jeans Mohawks and Vans sneakers 56 1 5 This trend echos locking dancers in the 1970s who traditionally wore suspenders and black and white striped socks 13 Of the dance journalist Jeff Weiss from LA Weekly stated For a youth culture weaned on the cult of individualism jerkin is its apotheosis 56 Similar to breaking locking and popping jerkin s popularity spread through dance crews For example The Rej3ctz crew created both the Cat Daddy 58 and the Reject dance moves 56 2 4 Although jookin turfing and jerkin generated regional support and media attention none have reached the same zenith as krumping Ceasare Tight Eyez Willis and Jo Artis Big Mijo Ratti created krumping 59 in the early 2000s in South Central Los Angeles 60 It was only practiced in Los Angeles until it gained mainstream exposure after being featured in several music videos 61 and showcased in the krumping documentary Rize Rize was screened at several film festivals before it was commercially released in the summer of 2005 62 note 4 Clowning the less aggressive predecessor to krumping was created in 1992 by Thomas Tommy the Clown Johnson 61 note 5 Johnson and his dancers would paint their faces and perform clowning for children at birthday parties or for the general public at other functions as a form of entertainment 61 In contrast krumping focuses on highly energetic battles and movements which Johnson describes as intense fast paced and sharp 61 Of the dance journalist Taisha Paggett from Dance magazine stated If movement were words krumping would be a poetry slam 60 Compared to breaking and the funk styles jookin turfing jerkin and krumping are relatively new The music driving the dances and the cultural similarities between these street dance styles the funk styles and breaking have brought them together under the same subculture of hip hop Dance industry EditCommercial New Style Edit See also Lyrical hip hop The dance industry responded to hip hop dance by creating a commercial version of it This urban choreography or studio hip hop sometimes called new style is the kind of hip hop dance seen in rap R amp B and pop music videos and concerts From the point of view of someone deeply immersed in hip hop culture anything that looks like hip hop dance that did not come from the streets and is not improvisational in nature is not a true hip hop dance form In an interview with Dance magazine choreographer and hip hop dance teacher Emilio Buddha Stretch Austin Jr described his point of view There are a lot of jazz dancers out there doing pseudo hip hop A lot of teachers don t know the history they re just teaching the steps They re learning from videos but they don t know the culture If all you see is Britney Spears you think that s hip hop but that s never been hip hop It s completely watered down And studios could sic care less because hip hop is one of their biggest moneymakers 63 Stage performance can suppress improvisation which defined hip hop dance early in its development 1 63 64 Furthermore meshing different dance styles together dissolves their structures and identities 1 In an interview with The Bronx Journal choreographer and artistic director Safi Thomas expressed a similar qualm as Austin concerning hip hop instruction within the studio In a lot of studios what you find is people just doing movement to hip hop music So if there s hip hop music in the background and they re moving they re calling it a hip hop class The problem with that is let s say I wanted to teach a ballet class and I just come in and I throw on Mozart and I just start moving and I m not doing any of the foundational elements I am not doing any of the movement vocabulary of ballet I can not call that a ballet class and that s what happens in relation to hip hop within the studio realm there is no standard for the art form and the teachers don t know what the foundational elements of the art are They know nothing about popping nothing about locking nothing about boogaloo breaking or the hip hop dance the social dances or any of that They know none of the history which spans over 30 35 years and so they pretty much cut off any type of edification that a dancer can have 65 Hip hop dancer Joseph Coine performing in 2011 in Wallace Theater at Fort Belvoir Virginia The term new style was created by dancers outside the United States According to Moncell Durden adjunct professor at Drexel University and director of the film History and Concept of Hip Hop Dance the 1992 dance documentary Wreckin Shop From Brooklyn was very influential to hip hop dancers in France and Japan 66 These dancers wanted to move like the New York hip hop dancers who were profiled in the documentary They called the social dancing party dancing they saw new style which was short for New York Style 66 In the context of the commercial dance industry hip hop or new style hip hop for dancers in France and Japan is choreographed urban party dancing with studio technique added to it From a technical aspect it is characterized as hard hitting involving flexibility and isolations moving a specific body part independently from others 67 68 82 I would say that Toni Basil was sort of our Abe Saperstein in terms of how she was able to organize us into a professional dance troupe I remember her teaching us how to count music She was like okay we were like count music How do you count soul It was crazy you know all of our cues kind of went something like this boom pop do boom pada da boom pada like that And she was like how do you guys get in sync like that I said it s a feeling you know Adolfo Shabba Doo Quinones The Lockers 42 A significant juncture in the development of hip hop was the addition of eight counts a method of counting dance steps to stay in sync with the music Toni Basil introduced this studio technique into locking in the 1970s Basil was trained in ballet before being introduced to street dance by Don Campbell the creator of locking and founding member of The Lockers dance crew 13 She is responsible for teaching the rest of The Lockers how to dance to counts Traditionally hip hop dance or any form of street dance is not performed to counts as these styles were created on the street rather than in a studio setting Therefore the introduction of counts was a pivotal move into bringing hip hop dance from the street into the studio Even with this addition it would be years before commercial hip hop developed into its current form A second important event in the development of hip hop was the start of hip hop dance instruction Buddha Stretch was a pioneer in this field He started teaching formal hip hop dance classes in 1989 at Broadway Dance Center in New York City where he continues to teach today 69 Around the same time hip hop party dancing started to appear in music videos and on television this was another important point in the development and commercialization of hip hop An early example of this is when Janet Jackson performed the Running Man in her 1989 music video for the song Rhythm Nation which was choreographed by street dancer Anthony Thomas 70 The dance was so popular during this time it was also performed by 1990s rappers MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice in their choreographed routines 71 Michael Jackson also used hip hop in his 1992 music video Remember The Time which was choreographed by a then 21 year old Fatima Robinson 72 At the time Robinson was a street dancer with no formal training and Remember the Time was her first music video job 73 According to MTV com Dances have always been a part of hip hop culture from the running man to the Soulja Boy dance 58 and this era was the start of commercial hip hop choreography as it looks today dance routines are not specific to one genre strictly popping strictly locking or strictly breaking but rather an amalgamation of urban party dancing with studio technique added to it Jazz funk Edit Main article Jazz funk dance Another style the dance industry created in response to hip hop was jazz funk Jazz funk also called street jazz is a hybrid of hip hop and jazz dance 14 This style was shown in its early form on a sketch comedy series called In Living Color 74 The resident dance troupe The Fly Girls opened and closed every show with a hip hop and jazz performance choreographed by Rosie Perez 74 R amp B singer Beyonce uses this style 14 Korean dance crew Prepix also uses this style 75 They have choreographed for K pop singers Jay Park and G NA as well as for K pop boy bands 2PM and B2ST 75 Although jazz funk borrows from hip hop dance it is not considered a style of hip hop because the foundational movements are jazz In hip hop even in lyrical hip hop there are no pirouettes or arabesques and dancers do not perform on releve on the balls of the feet However these methods are mostly used in jazz funk and in jazz dance in general 14 Business developments Edit Other developments in the dance industry occurred in response to the growing popularity of hip hop On the traveling convention circuit there were tap ballet and jazz dance conventions but there were none specifically for hip hop The same void existed in dancewear There was dancewear for tap ballet and jazz dancers but none for hip hop dancers Monsters of Hip Hop and Nappytabs dancewear were formed to answer to both needs Nappytabs is the first line of hip hop dancewear 76 Because their clothing is made for hip hop dancers they do not sell leotards unitards tights or leg warmers Their line consists of tank tops shorts t shirts sweat pants harem pants and hoodies Monsters of Hip Hop MOHH was founded in 2003 in Baltimore Maryland by Andy Funk Becky Funk and Angie Servant 77 The convention is dedicated exclusively to hip hop instruction 78 Fatima Robinson Stefan Mr Wiggles Clemente and Timothy Popin Pete Solomon have taught classes at MOHH in the past 78 Every year the convention brings together its top student dancers for a professionally choreographed showcase in Los Angeles called Monsters of Hip Hop The Show 79 MOHH may have been the first hip hop dance convention but it is not the only one that exists Urban Dance Camp UDC is a six week long German based dance convention held every year in Lorrach a small town on the border of France and Switzerland 80 In a report on the event by a local paper Bettina Kraft the manager of UDC estimated that 85 of the participants were from outside Germany In 2009 Kraft created Urban Dance Showcase a parallel event to UDC reserved only for performances by professional choreographers dance crews and UDC teachers 81 Dancers such as Shaun Evaristo Les Twins I aM mE b boy Lilou and b boy Hong 10 have performed at the showcase in the past 82 Aside from dancewear and conventions developments in agency representation occurred as well Although limited representation for individual dancers had existed since the 1980s at the beginning of the music video era due to the pioneering work of talent agent Julie McDonald note 6 However the UK based dance agencies ProDance and Superbad Talent were created to exclusively represent street dancers 83 84 Entertainment EditMovies Edit The entertainment industry has been largely responsible for introducing hip hop dance to mainstream audiences around the world Early hip hop films Wild Style Beat Street and Breakin were made in the 1980s When Wild Style opened in Japan Rock Steady Crew performed breaking in Tokyo s Harajuku shopping district to promote the film 85 Wild Style was the first movie centered around hip hop culture however Flashdance was the first commercially released film to feature breaking 86 note 7 In 1984 Beat Street was released in West Germany and screened at the Cannes Film Festival which helped to introduce breaking graffiti writing and turntablism to this part of Europe 87 88 Breakin and Breakin 2 Electric Boogaloo brought the funk styles to the cinema Breaking locking popping and waacking were performed in these films 89 At this time in the 1980s the United States was not the only country producing hip hop films In 1985 Yuen Woo ping directed a hip hop themed romantic comedy in Hong Kong called Mismatched Couples starring Donnie Yen 90 Another hip hop film Electro Rock was released the same year in the United Kingdom 91 This film featured a then 14 year old Hanifa Bubbles McQueen Hudson the UK s first b girl 91 Several hip hop dance films were produced after the millennium The Freshest Kids A History of the B Boy Neukolln Unlimited B Girl Bouncing Cats Planet B Boy and Battle of the Year The Dream Team all showcase breaking Films such as Honey Save the Last Dance You Got Served the Step Up film series StreetDance 3D Hype Nation Saigon Electric Berlin Dance Battle 3D and ABCD Any Body Can Dance showcase all forms of hip hop dance especially new style hip hop Rize The Heart of Krump and Shake City 101 are documentaries about krumping All of these movies and documentaries are examples of films where the plot and theme surround hip hop dance and how it affects the characters lives Bouncing Cats is the story of b boy Abraham Abramz Tekya who uses b boying to empower youth in Uganda In 2010 the film won Outstanding Achievement in Documentary Filmmaking at Newport Beach Film Festival and Best Documentary Feature at Urbanworld Film Festival 92 Saigon Electric was Vietnam s first hip hop film 93 It was written produced and directed by Vietnamese American filmmaker Stephane Gauger The film is about two female dancers a ribbon dancer and a hip hop dancer and how their respective romances the threat of their community center being torn down and the stress of an upcoming dance battle affects their friendship 94 95 The film was choreographed by Viet Max and Ricky Cole 96 In 2012 it won a Golden Kite Prize the Vietnamese equivalent of The Oscars BAFTAs for Best Film and Best Actress 97 Television Edit Before reaching movie audiences hip hop dance was already being broadcast on television Soul Train was a syndicated music variety show that featured social dancing and performances by African American soul funk and R amp B singers The show was broadcast in South Korea via the US Armed Forces Korea Network 98 Before officially becoming a crew The Lockers made several appearances on this show 99 After becoming a crew The Electric Boogaloos also appeared on the show 14 100 Soul Train premiered in 1970 101 During its 36 year run the resident freestyle dancers were referred to as the Soul Train Gang 102 Auditions were held in 1971 when the show moved from Chicago Illinois to Los Angeles California Dancers who wanted to get on Soul Train after this time had to rely on word of mouth recommendations from dancers who were already employed by the show 102 103 A regular feature during the broadcast was the Soul Train Line 104 To participate the dancers formed two lines of equal length facing each other with a large space in between them Each dancer in line would take their turn dancing down the middle Other music variety shows on television at this time were American Bandstand Solid Gold and Top of the Pops Unlike Soul Train which focused on soul and funk these shows promoted Top 40 music and pop acts Solid Gold employed a permanent dance troupe called the Solid Gold Dancers who performed choreographed routines to musical performances Lucinda Dickey an actress and dancer who played the lead role in the Breakin films appeared on the show during the 1982 1983 season as a Solid Gold dancer In 1983 street dancers Marc Mr Freeze Lemberger from Rock Steady Crew Timothy Popin Pete Solomon and Dane Robot Dane Parker from the Electric Boogaloos and locking dancers Alpha Omega Anderson and Lewis Deputy Green also appeared on Solid Gold during a performance to the song What a Feeling from the movie Flashdance 105 In 1982 during a performance in London on Top of the Pops street dancer Jeffrey Daniel performed popping and the backslide during the song A Night to Remember This was the first time popping was shown on British television thus spreading its popularity in the United Kingdom 106 107 A year later Michael Jackson also performed the backslide during a performance of Billie Jean on the Motown 25 TV special 108 He called it the moonwalk and his performance spread its popularity all over the world 109 to much larger extent than Daniel s performance did It was Jeffrey Daniel who taught Michael Jackson how to do the backslide moonwalk note 8 112 113 The JabbaWockeez winners of the first season of America s Best Dance Crew performing in 2008 at Vivid Nightclub in San Jose California A few hip hop dance shows appeared on television in the 1990s such as 1991 s The Party Machine with Nia Peeples note 9 and 1992 s The Grind Several hip hop dance shows premiered in the 2000s including but not limited to Dance Fever Dance 360 The Wade Robson Project MTV Dance Crew America s Best Dance Crew Dance on Sunset and Shake It Up In 2006 MTV France documented the creation of a dance crew for an original series called MTV Dance Crew 115 Viewers were able to see the crew from auditions to the selection of the final eight who were subsequently named Original Soul Original Soul was coached by three professional choreographers who mentored them and helped refine their dancing Over the course of 32 episodes they routinely participated in professional dance battles including the popping battle at Juste Debout the Seven 2 Smoke battle at The Notorious IBE and b boy battles at Chelles Battle Pro 115 B boy Lilou b boy crew Phase T and promoter Bruce Ykanji the founder of Juste Debout all made appearances in the show 115 The founders of Hip Hop International Howard and Karen Schwartz created the reality hip hop dance competition America s Best Dance Crew ABDC in 2008 16 116 On the show different crews competed in dance challenges against each other every week ABDC contributed to the exposure of several crews such as Jabbawockeez Quest Beat Freaks Poreotics and Kinjaz These crews now have official websites work with musical artists and perform at live events The JabbaWockeeZ had a show in Las Vegas Nevada called MUS I C at the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino 117 MUS I C was the first hip hop dance stage show on the Las Vegas Strip 117 In 2012 the Jabbawockeez performed the show during a five month residency at the Jupiters Hotel and Casino in Gold Coast Queensland Australia 118 Both Poreotics and Hokuto Hok Konishi from Quest were nominated for a 2011 MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography 119 Poreotics was nominated with singer Bruno Mars for his video The Lazy Song Hok was nominated for LMFAO s video Party Rock Anthem the rest of Quest crew appeared in the video as featured dancers 119 In contrast to ABDC individual dancers from all backgrounds compete on the reality dance competition So You Think You Can Dance SYTYCD and World of Dance WOD It has a similar premise to the Idol series of singing competitions with initial auditions leading to the selection of a winner over the course of several episodes In 2008 poppers Robert Mr Fantastic Muraine and Phillip Pacman Chbeeb auditioned during season four of the US SYTYCD series Neither made it to the final Top 20 but the judges were so impressed with their dancing that both were invited back to participate in a popping battle against each other on the show s live finale According to Muraine this was the first popping battle that was nationally televised 120 After the battle hip hop dancer Joshua Allen was declared the winner of season four of the competition 121 The same year Mona Jeanette Berntsen a hip hop dancer from Norway won the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia 122 In 2017 hip hop duo Les Twins won the inaugural season of World of Dance Hip hop dance crew The Lab won the following year Hip hop dance has also been popular among viewers of the Got Talent series French hip hop dancer Salah won the first season of Incroyable Talent in 2006 123 French b boy Junior won the second season in 2007 124 In 2008 hip hop dancer George Sampson won Britain s Got Talent 125 Danish popping and roboting duo Robot Boys won Talent 2008 da 126 and hip hop dance crew Quick won the Norwegian version of the show 127 After George Sampson dance crew Diversity won the next season of Britain s Got Talent in 2009 128 note 10 The same year Brazilian crew D Efeitos won Qual e o Seu Talento What s Your Talent 129 In 2010 Justice Crew won Australia s Got Talent 130 After signing a recording contract with Sony Music Australia Justice Crew shot a video for their single Dance with Me featuring rapper Flo Rida and America s Best Dance Crew alumni Beat Freaks 131 In 2015 nine years after he won Incroyable Talent hip hop dancer Salah won the fourth season of Arabs Got Talent 132 Theater Edit See also Hip hop theater Choreographer and artistic director Rennie Harris in 2011 Though hip hop dancing is established on film and on television it has not gained the same level of exposure in theater This may be due to the fact that the dance is performed more in film and in television than it is in a theatrical setting 133 B boy and popper Stefan Mr Wiggles Clemente and hip hop historian Jorge Popmaster Fabel Pabon were involved in hip hop theater at its inception Their dance company GhettOriginal produced the first hip hop stage shows 1991 s off Broadway musical So What Happens Now and 1995 s Jam on the Groove 134 135 Both shows were performed by the Rock Steady Crew Magnificent Force and the Rhythm Technicians 136 137 Aside from the pioneers in New York City was Rennie Harris Puremovement hip hop theater company Harris founded Puremovement in 1992 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania 64 One of Puremovement s theater shows Rome amp Jewels won two Black Theater Alliance Awards and three Bessie Awards 138 In 2012 Harris and his company toured Egypt Israel and the Palestinian territories as part of Dance Motion USA a program sponsored by the US State Department to showcase American dance to other countries and promote cultural exchange 139 German b boy pioneer Niels Storm Robitzky has his performance roots in hip hop theater In 1991 Robitzky who went by the name Swipe left Germany with his crew Battle Squad for New York City to look for b boy legends they could study under 140 When he got to New York he met b boy Gabriel Kwikstep Dionisio who personally mentored him and introduced him to New York techniques 140 While in New York he also learned about the funk styles from Clemente 141 Clemente and Dionisio knew each other since Dionisio was an original member of both GhettOriginal and the Rhythm Technicians 140 A year later in 1992 Robitzky performed with GhettOriginal at the Kennedy Center in Washington D C and at the Lincoln Center in New York City 141 It was Dionisio who gave Robitzky a new name Storm 140 In 2000 he wrote a book called Von Swipe zu Storm Breakdance in Deutschland From Swipe to Storm Breakdance in Germany 142 Dancers in the United Kingdom have had success in hip hop theater In 2006 hip hop dance company Boy Blue Entertainment won a Laurence Olivier Award for their show Pied Piper 143 In 2008 Into the Hoods became the first hip hop theater show to perform in London s West End 144 It eventually went on to become the West End s longest running dance show ever 145 Online content Edit YAK Films is a three man team that films urban dance around the world It was founded in Oakland California by Yoram Savion and Kash Grimes 146 147 Their first videos were of the Turf Feinz dance crew performing turfing a regional hip hop dance style from Oakland 148 After generating significant views on YouTube they started YAK Yoram And Kash Films and added music producer Ben B zwax Tarquin to the team 146 147 From shooting videos only in the United States they were able to easily transition to covering dance events in Europe due to Savion s dual French citizenship 146 In 2009 they filmed Battle of the Year s first one on one b boy competition and in 2010 they filmed dance battles at Juste Debout a French street dance competition 148 Some of their more popular videos have been featured in Oakland Local 149 and the Huffington Post 150 151 Juba Films was founded in Germany by Julien Bam and Gong Bao Rather than film freestyle content Juba Ju lien and Ba o produces short films with a storyline For their short b boy film More Than Bread they won first place at the 7th International Online Dance Festival in 2011 152 Both Juba Films and YAK Films appeared at The Notorious IBE s New Dance Media Conference discussing the relationship between street dance and visual arts 153 Although Juba Films has won an award and YAK Films has booked high profile events they are not the only film production teams distributing hip hop dance videos on the Internet House of Crews Strife TV Pacific Rim Video Press ProDance TV Battle Fest Extreme Urban Dance Show Ocke Films World of Dance Network and Canal Street TV also produce hundreds of high quality hip hop dance content note 11 The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers The LXD was a good versus evil themed web series created by Jon M Chu 154 note 12 about a group of dancers who discover they have super powers through their dance moves 155 Each character specializes in one dance style Consequently a wide range of styles are displayed including krumping tutting breaking locking boogaloo and popping 155 156 The majority of the dancing shown in the series is hip hop however other styles were also performed including jazz tap and ballet 157 AdvertisingAge com gave the series a favorable review stating each episode of LXD packs a wealth of narrative sophistication into its eight or nine minutes Combine this with the theater worthy production values and a cast that exerts itself to an ungodly extent and the end result is pun time extraordinary 158 International competitions EditSee also B boying World championships The 2010 winners of the b boy crew battle at Freestyle Session Taiwan UK B Boy Championships was founded by DJ Hooch in 1996 in London 159 160 There are four world championship titles breaking crew champions solo b boy champion solo popping champion and solo hip hop champion 161 The world finals also include the Fresh Awards best dressed which are hosted and judged every year by Richard Crazy Legs Colon the president of Rock Steady Crew 162 In 2011 DJ Hooch wrote a book about the competition called B Boy Championships From Bronx to Brixton 163 Freestyle Session was founded in 1997 in California by graffiti writer and DJ Chris Cros1 Wright 164 165 It is the largest breaking competition in the United States 166 The main competitive event is for b boy crews but there are also popping and locking competitions for solo competitors 14 165 Although the US is the flagship location for Freestyle Session it is not the only country where it is held Promoters outside the US pay Cros1 to use Freestyle Session s name and fly him to their location to judge the competition 167 Using this method Freestyle Session has been held in 18 other countries including Poland Russia Switzerland and Venezuela 167 Hip Hop International HHI was founded in 2002 in the United States by Howard and Karen Schwartz 116 168 There are two categories of competitions World Battles and World Hip Hop Dance Championship Within the World Battles category there are four titles including three on three breaking champions one on one popping champion one on one locking champion and one on one all styles freestyle champion 168 The World Hip Hop Dance Championship is for hip hop crews There are four divisions junior ages 8 12 varsity 13 17 adult 18 and mega crew all ages 16 Each crew must have at least five but not more than nine people mega crew must have 15 40 169 and must perform a routine that showcases three styles of hip hop dance 116 For the 2009 competition there were 120 crews representing 30 countries 116 HHI also created the USA Hip Hop Dance Championship and the television show America s Best Dance Crew 168 Juste Debout was founded in 2002 by Bruce Ykanji in Paris 14 170 Competition categories include popping hip hop locking house toprock and experimental 170 Breaking is not included to put more focus on dance styles performed while standing up hence the name French for Just Standing There are not any team trophies at Juste Debout The experimental and toprock categories are only for solo dancers popping new style locking and house are for duos 170 In 2008 Ingrid Sheyen Gamboa the editor in chief of Juste Debout magazine wrote a book called Hip hop L histoire de la danse Hip Hop A history of the dance 171 United Dance Organisation UDO was founded in 2002 in the United Kingdom 172 UDO operates the British Street Dance Championships the European Street Dance Championships the North American Championships and the World Street Dance Championships The European championships are held in Germany rather than in the UK 173 Street Dance Kemp Europe SDK Europe is a competition and dance convention founded in 2004 in Jedovnice Czech Republic 174 There is a hip hop crew battle and solo battles for house krumping locking hip hop male and hip hop female dancers 174 SDK Europe begins every year in the summer and lasts seven days Daytime hours are reserved primarily for dance workshops and classes taught by an international pool of instructors competitive events are held at night All of the classes workshops and competitive events are held outside EuroBattle was founded in 2005 in Portugal by Max from Momentum crew 175 There are five competitive events for solo dancers including b boying b girling hip hop locking and popping 176 The international final is held in Porto but the winner of the Spanish qualifying tournament also gets to compete at the UK B Boy Championships in London 175 World Supremacy Battlegrounds is a hip hop dance competition based in Australia The heritage of World Supremacy Battlegrounds goes back to 2002 when it began as GROOVE a local hip hop competition held in Sydney 177 Over the three years that followed the competition was renamed Battlegrounds and went national to include dance crews from all over Australia 177 It became international in 2006 when crews from the Philippines Japan and New Zealand entered the competition 177 There are four dance crew categories open all ages junior 12 and under varsity 12 18 and monster all ages 20 40 members For the 2011 competition teams from Indonesia Thailand Singapore Malaysia Vietnam the Philippines Japan Guam New Zealand Samoa and South Africa came to compete 178 World of Dance Tour WOD was founded in 2008 by Myron Marten and David Gonzales in Pomona California 179 It differs from other competitions because there is no final championship WOD travels to different cities in the United States Canada and Europe and holds a competition in each location therefore WOD distinguishes itself as a tour 180 Each tour stop is a stand alone competition they are all related to each other in name only In 2013 WOD traveled to New York City Vallejo Seattle Vancouver Berlin Dallas Toronto San Diego Montreal Eindhoven Boston Orlando Houston Chicago Seattle Honolulu Los Angeles Union City and Antwerp 180 WOD reached a larger audience in 2017 when NBC started airing a television show based on the competition World Dance Colosseum is a two on two dance competition founded in Japan There are five two on two world championship titles b boying locking popping hip hop and house Japanese dancers qualify for the international final through preliminary tournaments held in the country but foreign dancers do not qualify through tournaments because 30 of the top ranked foreign dancers are automatically invited to participate in the final 181 At the final the winning duos from the Japanese tournaments compete against the top ranked foreign duos to determine who is the best 181 Vibe Dance Competition is a choreography competition that was started by Joseph Lising in 1995 as a Greek Talent Show at UC Irvine It later evolved into one of the biggest competitions for choreography hip hop teams in the world hosting teams from all over the US Canada the Philippines and Japan Education EditIn 2004 Safi Thomas founded the Hip Hop Dance Conservatory HHDC in New York City 65 Thomas goal was to provide a comprehensive education to hip hop dancers that was comparable to what ballet modern and jazz dancers experience at their respective institutions 182 HHDC provides a formal curriculum with dance classes breaking freestyle locking etc and academic classes dance theory physiology kinesiology etc to people who want to pursue hip hop dance as a career 65 183 It is the only educational institution in the United States that is exclusively dedicated to hip hop dance instruction 183 HHDC does not grant degrees It is a non profit organization and repertory company that grants certifications to dancers that complete the three year program 65 Three years later in 2007 the University of East London s Center for Performing Arts Development CPAD started intake for the only bachelor s degree program in the world specializing in hip hop urban and global dance forms 184 The CPAD s program also lasts three years but it is not exclusive to hip hop Students also study African dance kathak Bollywood and capoeira Footnotes Edit The Running Man has African origins It was performed at the Fela Kuti concert Cross Examination in Berlin in 1978 21 Two regional substyles that developed out of popping are jookin also called buckin 14 from Memphis Tennessee and turfing from Oakland California Turfing borrows heavily from gliding 47 The moonwalk called the backslide in popping context is an example of sliding Rize had a limited release when shown in theaters 62 Clowning is not the same as the clown walk Representation for dance groups existed before the music video era In the 1970s The Lockers were represented by ICM Talent Agency 40 Wild Style was produced in New York City and independently released 86 Jeffrey Daniel learned the backslide from The Electric Boogaloos 110 111 Prior to The Party Machine Nia Peeples hosted the US version of Top of the Pops 114 George Sampson and Diversity appeared in the film StreetDance 3D CanalStreet tv is owned by Canal a French premium television channel Jon Chu also directed the movies Step Up 2 The Streets and Step Up 3D References EditCitations a b c d Pabon Jorge Physical Graffiti The History of Hip Hop Dance DaveyD com Archived from the original on February 20 2010 Retrieved July 31 2009 Schloss 2009 p 153 a b Breakdancing Present at the Creation NPR org October 14 2002 Archived from the original on October 18 2010 Retrieved September 8 2009 When you re dealing with the b boys and b girls you can take it straight back to the Godfather of Soul says DJ Afrika Bambaataa who owns a place in the same musical lineage as the Godfather of Hip Hop He says that the song Get on the Good Foot inspired crowds to imitate the singer s dance moves Whitburn Joel 2005 Top R amp B Hip Hop Singles 1942 2004 Menomonee Falls Record Research p 85 ISBN 0898201608 Chang 2006 p 20 Toprockin s structure and form fuse dance forms and influences from uprocking tap lindy hop James Brown s good foot salsa Afro Cuban and various African and Native American dances Schloss 2009 p 14 Chang 2005 p 138 Chang 2006 p 21 The structure was different from b boying b girling since dancers in b boy b girl battles took turns dancing while uprocking was done with partners Hess Mickey ed 2007 Icons of hip hop an encyclopedia of the movement music and culture Vol 1 Westport Greenwood Press p xxi ISBN 978 0313339035 Jamaican American DJ Kool Herc creates the beak beat by isolating the most exciting instrumental break in a record and looping that section so that the break played continuously a b c Chang 2006 p 19 DJ Kool Herc originally from Jamaica is credited with extending these breaks by using two turntables a mixer and two of the same records As DJs could re cue these beats from one turntable to the other finally the dancers were able to enjoy more than just a few seconds of a break Kool Herc also coined the terms b boy and b girl which stood for break boys and break girls At one of Kool Herc s jams he might have addressed the dancers just before playing the break beats by saying B Boys are you ready B Girls are you ready The tension started to mount and the air was thick with anticipation The b boys and b girls knew this was their time to go off Chang 2006 p 20 Early influences on b boying and b girling also included martial arts films from the 1970s a b Chang 2006 p 24 a b c d e f g h i j k Garofoli Wendy April 1 2008 Urban Legend Dance Spirit Archived from the original on April 20 2010 Retrieved October 27 2009 a b c d e f g h i j k l Freeman Santiago September 20 2010 Planet Funk Dance Spirit Archived from the original on November 21 2010 Retrieved November 23 2010 a b c Seibert Brian October 26 2004 Breaking Down Village Voice Archived from the original on February 8 2013 Retrieved December 5 2012 Although much hip hop history is murky and contested the legendary status of these men is clear It s the hip hop label that s questionable Campbell grew up in Los Angeles Solomon started out in Fresno and later moved to L A One thing that came out of the conferences says Harris is that the West Coast faction said they were not part of hip hop They got swallowed up by hip hop an East Coast term and movement when they had never heard of it Their moves pre dated hip hop at least in its popularized form and they prefer the term funk styles This concern with definitions and labels is partly a belated response to the international breakdancing fad of the early 80s when the mainstream media and Hollywood latched onto a variety of regional and individual styles collapsing them into a single trend a b c Grob Plante Stephie October 25 2016 Dance Dance Revolution Racked com Vox Media Archived from the original on March 31 2017 Retrieved April 15 2018 On hip hop cultural appropriation and being h u e m a n Medea Vox academic podcast Medea Malmo University 2019 12 05 Archived from the original on 2019 12 05 Retrieved 2019 12 10 Rivera 2003 p 72 With the barrage of media attention it received even terminology started changing Breakdancing became the catch all term to describe what originally had been referred to as burning going off breaking b boying and b girling Dance styles that originated in the West Coast such as popping and locking were also grouped under the term breakdance Chang 2006 pp 18 19 Although dance forms associate with hip hop did develop in New York City half of them that is popping and locking were created on the West Coast as part of a different cultural movement Much of the media coverage in the 1980s grouped these dance forms together with New York s native dance forms b boying b girling and uprocking labeling them all breakdancing As a result the West Coast funk culture and movement were overlooked Pagett 2008 p 48 Fela Kuti Cross Examination concert performance Berlin Germany 1978 Event occurs at 09 20 Archived from the original on 2021 11 08 Retrieved March 28 2013 Pagett 2008 p 33 Kugelberg 2007 p 17 Brown Lauren February 18 2009 Hip to the Game Dance World vs Music Industry The Battle for Hip Hop s Legacy Movmnt Archived from the original on April 3 2010 Retrieved July 30 2009 Chang 2005 p 90 Schloss 2009 p 37 Tony Cox September 20 2006 Born in the Bronx Mambo and Hip Hop NPR org Podcast News amp Notes from NPR News Archived from the original on July 22 2011 Retrieved November 23 2010 Well Blacks and Puerto Ricans lived you know they lived side by side You know previous to this there had been a gang era and people didn t get around so much because it was dangerous You know the kids didn t travel outside of their neighborhood so much But largely thanks to people like Kool Herc and Afrika Bambaataa who started holding jams and inviting people from all over and trying to establish peace in the communities people began to come together The earliest and first B boys were black When Latinos started breaking they were emulating what they saw you know the black people doing a b Schloss 2009 p 16 Rivera 2003 p 75 Puerto Ricans had been and were still key in the development of the b boy b girl dance styles most of the better known breaking crews Rock Steady Crew the Furious Rockers Dynamic Rockers New York City Breakers were primarily Puerto Rican Cook Dave Crazy Legs Speaks DaveyD com Archived from the original on March 6 2010 Retrieved September 6 2009 Chang 2005 pp 117 136 137 a b DJ Hooch 2011 p 20 Chang 2006 p 20 The transition between top and floor rockin was also important and became known as the drop DJ Hooch 2011 p 27 Weisbard Eric ed October 2007 That s the Joint The Hip Hop Studies Reader Durham Duke University Press Books p 259 ISBN 978 0822340416 Uprockers or Rockers battle throughout the duration of a complete song from beginning to the end while in a line formation called the Apache Line The Apache Line allows two opposing dancers or Crews dance groups to face each other and execute their Burn gestures towards one another Chang 2006 p 21 There were also the Apache Lines where one crew stood in a line facing the opposing crew and challenged each other simultaneously Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 129 The Apache Line was basically two opposing lineups of dancers standing face to face doing the step toward each other This simple shuffle step was done in a repeated manner Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 138 Even the Burns thrusting motion to disrespect your opponent and Jerks dropping down terminology became synonymous with B Boy slang Guzman Sanchez 2012 pp 33 35 a b Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 41 The Lockers TheLockersDance com Retrieved August 28 2010 a b Neil Conan February 9 2010 How Soul Train Got America Dancing NPR org Podcast Talk of the Nation from NPR News Archived from the original on February 2 2012 Retrieved November 28 2011 Agpawa Marirose August 10 2009 Just dance Vegas hosts international competitions The Rebel Yell Retrieved August 15 2009 a b Chang 2006 p 22 Chang 2006 p 23 Dancers in Los Angeles also distorted the name by calling it pop locking while in France it was called The Smurf a b c Chang 2006 p 23 Sam s creation popping also became known as the unauthorized umbrella title to various forms within the dance past and present Some of these forms include Boogaloo strut dime stop wave tick twisto flex and slides a b c Zamora Jim March 10 2007 Architeckz look to build outlet for Oakland youth Dance troupe channels emotions through turf dancing a younger sibling of 1980s break dancing SFGate Archived from the original on August 15 2017 Retrieved April 16 2018 Croft Clare April 10 2005 Hip Hop s Dynamic New Stage The Washington Post Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved October 11 2009 Hunt Darnell Ramon Ana Christina eds 2010 Black Los Angeles American Dreams and Racial Realities New York City NYU Press p 121 ISBN 978 0814737347 Hubela Geo July 1 2012 2 Tips for Hip Hop Teachers Tutting and Toning Dance Studio Life Archived from the original on April 8 2013 Retrieved February 7 2013 a b Davis Chris June 2013 Jookin Is it the New Ballet Memphis Magazine Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved February 8 2014 Macaulay Alastair April 3 2013 Hip Hop Meets Ballet in One Man s Body The New York Times Archived from the original on December 20 2013 Retrieved February 9 2014 a b Harss Marina August 2014 Mesmerizing Moves Dance Archived from the original on October 2 2013 Retrieved September 28 2013 Jookin is an integral part of the African American culture of the city Developed in Memphis in the 1980s jookin and other related forms like the gangsta walk buckin and choppin is a localized derivation of hip hop dance Memphis hip hop has a particular sound with rat a tat rhythms and a bit of a soul funk lilt A little southern ness and a basement like quality a homemade feel is how Charles Lil Buck Riley describes it The dance originated as a kind of walking step with a strong rhythmic bounce punctuated by staccato lifting of the knees like walking on hot coals As it evolved the gliding footwork was added as well as the popping and waving and finally the icing on the cake Dancers started using the tips of their sneakers to balance on pointe Macaulay Alastair November 2 2012 On Point in Their Jeans and Sneakers The New York Times Archived from the original on January 4 2014 Retrieved February 7 2014 a b Ducker Eric June 12 2009 Jerky boys and girls New Boyz Rej3ctz and more lead a new youth movement Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on March 15 2012 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b c d e f Weiss Jeff August 5 2009 We re Jerkin Starring the New Boyz J Hawk and Pink Dollaz LA Weekly Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved December 20 2010 Calling themselves the New Boyz they failed in their first attempt to make a jerkin anthem I Jerk but the duo got it right when Legacy produced You re a Jerk the song that is to jerkin what Chubby Checker was to the Twist Weiss Jeff July 30 2009 Interscope signs Audio Push attempts to cash in on the jerkin craze Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on May 23 2011 Retrieved December 20 2010 a b Blanco Alvin April 20 2011 Rej3ctz Dance To Their Own Drum In The New West MTV com Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved July 26 2012 Shiri Nassim producer 2005 The Heart of Krump DVD Los Angeles Ardustry Home Entertainment Krump Kings Inc a b Pagget Taisha July 2004 Getting Krumped Dance 78 7 32 ISSN 0011 6009 a b c d Reld Shaheem Bella Mark April 23 2004 Krumping If You Look Like Bozo Having Spasms You re Doing It Right MTV com Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved July 30 2009 a b Gleiberman Owen June 15 2005 Rize 2005 Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on December 27 2011 Retrieved September 3 2011 a b Wisner Heather 2006 From Street to Studio Dance 80 9 74 76 ISSN 0011 6009 a b Parker Janine August 8 2009 Hip hop dance party at Jacob s Pillow The Boston Globe Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved August 15 2009 a b c d Sandra Garcia host Safi Thomas Yvonne Chow artistic director and education director of the Hip Hop Dance Conservatory May 20 2011 The Hip Hop Dance Conservatory Repertory Company Television production Bronx New York The Bronx Journal Event occurs at 04 03 Archived from the original on 2021 11 08 Retrieved October 8 2011 a b Durden Moncell Director 2009 History and Concept of Hip Hop Dance DVD DLex Productions Dancetime Publications Event occurs at 31 44 The reason the term new style came about was because of a documentary in 1992 called Wreckin Shop that heavily influenced dancers in Japan and in France Amazingly enough these two groups of dancers from two different countries began to shorten this term and say we want to dance like the New York dancers we re going to do the New Style meaning New York Style dancing like the kids dance in New York And that s where that came from Werbrouck Debbie December 8 2010 From Fad to Foundation Dance Studio Life Archived from the original on December 14 2013 Retrieved January 13 2012 Wisner Heather October 2007 Crash Course Hip Hop Dance 81 10 82 85 ISSN 0011 6009 Despite their differences the styles are connected by the music plus a low slung center of gravity that comes from African dance roots and some shared basic steps Many steps don t have specific names in class teachers might speak generally of jumps and turns or use imagery to evoke how a step should look Hip hop training relies less on specific exercises than on strength training flexibility and learning to isolate and move body parts independently from the rest of the body A good way to approach freestyling Sparks says is to pick out a single element in the music the horns a snare drum and use that as a movement guide Focusing on the music helps you know what accents to hit Buddha Stretch Faculty Bio BroadwayDanceCenter com Archived from the original on June 22 2013 Retrieved August 13 2012 Jordan Stephanie Allen Dave 1993 Parallel Lines Media Representations of Dance London John Libbey Publishing p 68 ISBN 9780861963713 Through her choice of Anthony Thomas a black American street dancer as her choreographer Janet Jackson secures a threefold achievement she satisfies the dictates of commercial pop music industry by creating a dance image which is significantly different from her earlier work she demonstrates that despite fame she is still in touch with contemporary youth pop culture and its fashions and finally she utilizes not the dance traditions of the Hollywood musical which although often black in inspiration remained very much under the control of white choreographers but the work of a black young man whose training is outside the institutions of Western theatre and clearly an Afro American cultural expression of the late 1980s Robertson Regina February 2 2012 Throwback The Running Man Essence Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved August 14 2012 Fatima Robinson director choreographer StyleLikeU com 19 October 2011 Archived from the original on July 6 2013 Retrieved June 25 2012 Bloom Julie November 26 2006 Supreme Commander The New York Times Archived from the original on December 2 2006 Retrieved May 31 2013 a b Smith Dinitia October 8 1990 Color Them Funny TV s New Black Comedy Hit New York Magazine 23 39 35 ISSN 0028 7369 Opening and closing the show are the Fly Girls dancers clothed in brilliant colors who erupt on stage to a strong sexy beat and who dance a blend of hip hop and jazz A Fly Girl says Rosie Perez the show s choreographer is first someone who looks good Second she has the brains to complement it She s got what s goin on a b Dancing Away with Prepix SeoulBeats com May 3 2012 Archived from the original on July 5 2012 Retrieved June 25 2012 Krisanits Tracy March 2007 Keeping Tabs Dance Retailer News 5 46 ISSN 1541 0307 About Us MonstersofHipHop com Archived from the original on May 15 2010 Retrieved August 1 2009 a b Wisner Heather September 1 2007 How Funk Created a Monster Dance Studio Life Archived from the original on January 20 2013 Retrieved January 22 2012 Monsters of Hip Hop The Show Hits Los Angeles Directed by Tabitha and Napoleon Dumo Press release PRLog August 4 2008 Retrieved January 22 2012 Urban Dance Camp UrbanDance eu Archived from the original on March 12 2013 Retrieved January 30 2013 Ruda Barbara August 21 2009 Lorrach der Nabel der urbanen Tanzwelt Badische Zzeitung in German Archived from the original on February 20 2014 Retrieved January 30 2013 Artists amp Crews 2012 UrbanDance eu Archived from the original on December 8 2013 Retrieved January 30 2013 Kymberlee Jay launches street dance agency Superbad Talent off Serious About Street Dance AllStreetDance co uk Archived from the original on August 15 2012 Retrieved September 7 2012 About Us ProDance co uk Archived from the original on August 15 2012 Retrieved September 7 2012 Chang 2005 p 189 a b Kugelberg 2007 p 59 Festival de Cannes Beat Street Festival Cannes com Retrieved December 6 2012 Elflein Dietmar October 1998 From Krauts with Attitudes to Turks with Attitudes Some Aspects of Hip Hop History in Germany Popular Music 17 3 255 265 doi 10 1017 S0261143000008539 S2CID 143592704 Christian Margena January 21 2008 Where Are SHABBA DOO amp BOOGALOO SHRIMP Jet 113 2 22 ISSN 0021 5996 Mismatched Couples 1985 HKMDB com Retrieved December 8 2012 a b Calvin October 18 2010 The Lady In Red Bubbles More Than a Stance Archived from the original on June 1 2012 Retrieved June 26 2012 Bouncing Cats Wins Award for Best Documentary RedBullUSA com September 21 2010 Archived from the original on March 8 2012 Retrieved August 1 2011 Trinh Vincent October 26 2011 Saigon Electric Vietnam s First Hip Hop Movie OneVietnam org Archived from the original on October 30 2011 Retrieved August 1 2012 Le Anderson THE STORY OF SAIGON ELECTRIC Believe In The Power Of Dreams IndieGoGo com Retrieved November 10 2011 Trinh Vincent October 26 2011 Saigon Electric Vietnam s First Hip Hop Movie OneVietnam org Archived from the original on October 30 2011 Retrieved November 10 2011 Crew SaigonElectric com Archived from the original on November 7 2011 Retrieved November 10 2011 Saigon Electric wins Best Film amp Best Actress at Golden Kite Awards SaigonElectric com March 18 2012 Archived from the original on June 21 2012 Retrieved August 1 2012 Chang Jeff June 26 2008 So you think they can break dance Salon com Archived from the original on October 7 2010 Retrieved August 28 2009 McMillian Stephen June 29 2011 Diary of an Ex Soul Train Dancer Q amp A with Shabba Doo of the Lockers SoulTrain com Archived from the original on October 10 2011 Retrieved November 10 2011 Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 120 Stelter Brian June 17 2008 After 38 Years Soul Train Gets New Owner The New York Times Archived from the original on November 28 2016 Retrieved November 18 2011 a b Austen Jake 2005 TV a go go Rock on TV from American Bandstand to American Idol Chicago Chicago Review Press p 101 ISBN 1556525729 as a rule the dancers known as the Soul Train Gang were the stars and the reason Soul Train had no competition The dancers auditioned at an open call in 1971 and since then the producers have maintained a strong lineup of dancers via a referral system We ve found over the years that kids who dance really well and groom themselves really well and have a sense of style and behave well know other kids who can do the same thing Cornelius explained on his 1996 twenty fifth anniversary TV special Strauss Neil December 31 1995 You say Soul Train is how old The New York Times Retrieved January 19 2012 Mitchell Gail February 19 2005 Grammys Fete Train Conductor Cornelius Billboard Vol 117 no 8 p 28 ISSN 0006 2510 Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 145 Remembering Michael Jackson August 29 1958 June 25 2009 SoulCulture com June 25 2011 Retrieved July 15 2011 Jeffrey Daniel joins judging panel of Nigerian Idol AllStreetDance co uk Archived from the original on January 22 2012 Retrieved July 15 2011 Guzman Sanchez 2012 p 121 Jackson Michael 2008 Thriller 25th Anniversary The Book ML Publishing Group ISBN 978 0976889199 Bad Choreographer Remembers Michael Jackson NPR org June 26 2009 Archived from the original on January 21 2011 Retrieved August 1 2011 I taught Jacko how to Moonwalk ThisIsNottingham co uk November 6 2009 Archived from the original on September 13 2012 Retrieved August 1 2011 Dondoneau Dave October 2 2009 Meet the 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2011 MTV VMA Nominees For Best Choreography Are Dance Track Archived from the original on April 7 2012 Retrieved September 29 2011 Robert Muraine Phillip Chbeeb poppers August 7 2008 Finale So You Think You Can Dance Season 4 Episode 23 Fox I want to give much respect to Phillip and to everyone that had us here and everything This is the first televised popping battle and it s a honor to be a part of that and I want to thank everybody About Fox com Archived from the original on April 13 2013 Retrieved December 8 2012 Finale So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia Season 1 Episode 8 Oslo May 29 2008 TVNorge Finale Incroyable Talent Season 1 Episode 7 in French December 12 2006 M6 Finale Incroyable Talent Season 2 Episode 6 in French December 11 2007 M6 Finale Britain s Got Talent Season 2 Episode 13 May 31 2008 ITV ROBOT BOYS ProDance co uk Archived from the original on July 23 2012 Retrieved May 31 2012 Finale Norske Talenter Season 2 Episode 12 in Norwegian May 8 2008 TV 2 Finale 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1995 Theater In Review The New York Times Archived from the original on May 26 2015 Retrieved August 24 2009 Fitzgerald Tasmin 2009 Hip Hop and Urban Dance Chicago Heinemann Library p 35 ISBN 9781432913786 Rennie Harris Puremovement PDF DanceMotionUSA org Archived from the original PDF on April 13 2012 Retrieved December 5 2012 a b c d Calvin December 2 2008 The Last B Boy in New York The Story of Kwikstep More Than a Stance Archived from the original on March 11 2012 Retrieved June 25 2012 a b UK B Boy Championships World Finals 2011 Lineup Judges BBoyChamptionships com Archived from the original on June 28 2012 Retrieved June 25 2012 Robitzky Niels 2000 Von Swipe zu Storm Breakdance in Deutschland in German Hamburg Backspin ISBN 9783000055263 Roy Sanjoy March 9 2009 Pied Piper The Guardian Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved February 28 2014 Kate Prince back in the Hoods LondonDance com December 8 2009 Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved July 1 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Retrieved July 31 2010 a b Leighton Ken July 8 2009 He s Got the Cheese San Diego Reader Archived from the original on July 20 2011 Retrieved August 15 2011 a b c About Us HipHopInternational com Archived from the original on September 20 2013 Retrieved May 7 2012 Rules amp Regulations HipHopInternational com Archived from the original on December 6 2017 Retrieved April 15 2018 a b c Juste Debout Juste Debout com Archived from the original on December 9 2011 Retrieved December 5 2011 Gamboa Sheyen 2008 Hip Hop L histoire de la danse in French Paris Scali ISBN 9782350122410 Homepage UDO Global UDOStreetDance com Archived from the original on June 28 2010 Retrieved July 31 2010 UDO European Street Dance Championships 2013 UDOStreetDance com Archived from the original on February 6 2013 Retrieved October 22 2012 a b SKD Europe 2012 international street dance battle winners AllStreetDance co uk Archived from the original on July 11 2012 Retrieved June 25 2012 a b DJ Hooch 2011 p 184 EuroBattle EuroBattle pt Archived from the original on December 21 2018 Retrieved June 4 2012 a b c What is Groove GrooveTV com au Archived from the original on September 15 2012 Retrieved May 7 2012 World Supremacy Battlegrounds EnmoreTheatre com Archived from the original on November 25 2011 Retrieved May 7 2012 David Gonzales and Myron Marten interviewees February 29 2012 World of Dance A little Past Present amp Future podcast WorldOfDanceTour Retrieved December 12 2012 a b World of Dance Tour 2012 2013 Tour Schedule WorldofDance com Archived from the original on December 4 2012 Retrieved December 12 2012 a b About Feelin Co jp in Japanese Archived from the original on April 30 2013 Retrieved August 15 2012 Biography HDCNY com Archived from the original on February 4 2012 Retrieved September 27 2011 a b Daren Jaime host Safi Thomas Yvonne Chow artistic director and education director of the Hip Hop Dance Conservatory April 27 2011 Hip Hop Dance Conservatory Repertory Company mov Television production Bronx New York BronxnetOPEN Archived from the original on 2021 11 08 Retrieved October 8 2011 BA Hons Dance Urban Practice UEL ac uk Archived from the original on June 5 2010 Retrieved August 23 2009 Bibliography Chang Jeff 2005 Can t Stop Won t Stop A History of the Hip Hop Generation New York City St Martin s Press ISBN 031230143X Chang Jeff 2006 Total Chaos The Art and Aesthetics of Hip Hop New York City BasicCivitas ISBN 0465009093 DJ Hooch 2011 B Boy Championships From Bronx to Brixton London Virgin Books ISBN 0753540010 Guzman Sanchez Thomas 2012 Underground Dance Masters Final History of a Forgotten Era Santa Barbara Praeger ISBN 0313386927 Kugelberg Johan 2007 Born in the Bronx New York City Rizzoli International Publications ISBN 0789315408 Pagett Matt 2008 The Best Dance Moves in the World Ever San Francisco Chronicle Books ISBN 0811863034 Rivera Raquel 2003 New York Ricans from the Hip Hop Zone New York City Palgrave MacMillan ISBN 1403960437 Schloss Joseph 2009 Foundation B Boys B Girls and Hip Hop Culture in New York New York City Oxford University Press ISBN 0195334051 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hip hop dance Breaking Lilou vs Morris at Red Bull BC One 2009 Semi Final on YouTube Locking Firelock amp Hurrikane in ATSLOPES Bike Shop Lock on YouTube Popping Salah in TWIST Choose the dimension of your life on YouTube Tutting Di Moon Zhang and Hokuto Hok Konishi in The Art of Tutting on YouTube Finger Tutting Nemesis PNut CTut Strobe Era in Dexterity on YouTube Boogaloo Chuck Powell in An Intro to Basic Movements on YouTube Uprock Rob Nasty vs Foots at B Boy Hodown 2006 on YouTube Roboting Paul Dateh amp Chadd Madd Chadd Smith in My Musical Robot on YouTube Turfing Precise Films Bay Area Turfing on YouTube Jerkin Audio Push Teach Me How To Jerk instructional video on YouTube Krumping Russell Gutta Ferguson Larry Ruin Combs Darren Outrage King and Christopher Worm Lewis in Midnight Krump on YouTube Memphis Jookin Charles Lil Buck Riley dancing in tunnel to LYNX Burning Bone on YouTube New Style Les Twins vs Lil O amp Tyger B at Juste Debout 2011 Semi Final on YouTube Lyrical Hip Hop SYTYCD Benelux Season 2 Els and Angelo on Vimeo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hip hop dance amp oldid 1146966627, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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