In Greek mythology, Hesperus (/ˈhɛspərəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἕσπερος, romanized: Hésperos) is the Evening Star, the planet Venus in the evening. He is one of the Astra Planeta. A son of the dawn goddess Eos (RomanAurora), he is the half-brother of her other son, Phosphorus (also called Eosphorus; the "Morning Star"). Hesperus' Roman equivalent is Vesper (cf. "evening", "supper", "evening star", "west"[1]). By one account, Hesperus' father was Cephalus, a mortal, while Phosphorus was the star god Astraios. Other sources, however, state that Hesperus was the brother of Atlas, and thus the son of Iapetus.[2]
Hesperus as Personification of the Evening Star by Anton Raphael Mengs (1765).
Hesperus is the personification of the "evening star", the planet Venus in the evening. His name is sometimes conflated with the names for his brother, the personification of the planet as the "morning star" Eosphorus (Greek Ἐωσφόρος, "bearer of dawn") or Phosphorus (Ancient Greek: Φωσφόρος, "bearer of light", often translated as "Lucifer" in Latin), since they are all personifications of the same planet Venus. "Heosphoros" in the Greek Septuagint and "Lucifer" in Jerome's Latin Vulgate were used to translate the Hebrew "Helel" (Venus as the brilliant, bright or shining one), "son of Shahar (Dawn)" in the Hebrew version of Isaiah 14:12.
Eosphorus/Hesperus was said to be the father of Ceyx[3] and Daedalion.[4] In some sources, he is also said to be the father of the Hesperides.[5]
In the philosophy of language, "Hesperus is Phosphorus" is a famous sentence in relation to the semantics of proper names. Gottlob Frege used the terms "the evening star" (der Abendstern) and "the morning star" (der Morgenstern) to illustrate his distinction between sense and reference, and subsequent philosophers changed the example to "Hesperus is Phosphorus" so that it utilized proper names. Saul Kripke used the sentence to posit that the knowledge of something necessary (in this case the identity of Hesperus and Phosphorus) could be empirical rather than knowable a priori.
See also
Aurvandill, a figure in German mythology also known as Earendel
Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
hesperus, other, uses, disambiguation, greek, mythology, ancient, greek, Ἕσπερος, romanized, hésperos, evening, star, planet, venus, evening, astra, planeta, dawn, goddess, roman, aurora, half, brother, other, phosphorus, also, called, eosphorus, morning, star. For other uses see Hesperus disambiguation In Greek mythology Hesperus ˈ h ɛ s p e r e s Ancient Greek Ἕsperos romanized Hesperos is the Evening Star the planet Venus in the evening He is one of the Astra Planeta A son of the dawn goddess Eos Roman Aurora he is the half brother of her other son Phosphorus also called Eosphorus the Morning Star Hesperus Roman equivalent is Vesper cf evening supper evening star west 1 By one account Hesperus father was Cephalus a mortal while Phosphorus was the star god Astraios Other sources however state that Hesperus was the brother of Atlas and thus the son of Iapetus 2 Hesperus as Personification of the Evening Star by Anton Raphael Mengs 1765 Contents 1 Variant names 2 Hesperus is Phosphorus 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksVariant names EditHesperus is the personification of the evening star the planet Venus in the evening His name is sometimes conflated with the names for his brother the personification of the planet as the morning star Eosphorus Greek Ἐwsforos bearer of dawn or Phosphorus Ancient Greek Fwsforos bearer of light often translated as Lucifer in Latin since they are all personifications of the same planet Venus Heosphoros in the Greek Septuagint and Lucifer in Jerome s Latin Vulgate were used to translate the Hebrew Helel Venus as the brilliant bright or shining one son of Shahar Dawn in the Hebrew version of Isaiah 14 12 Eosphorus Hesperus was said to be the father of Ceyx 3 and Daedalion 4 In some sources he is also said to be the father of the Hesperides 5 Maurus Servius Honoratus in his commentaries on Virgil s Eclogues mentions that Hesperus inhabited Mount Oeta in Thessaly and that there he had loved the young Hymenaeus son of Dionysus and Ariadne Servius makes no distinction between the Evening Star and the Morning Star calling them both Hesperus and the lucifer of Ida 6 Hesperus is Phosphorus EditMain article Frege s puzzles In the philosophy of language Hesperus is Phosphorus is a famous sentence in relation to the semantics of proper names Gottlob Frege used the terms the evening star der Abendstern and the morning star der Morgenstern to illustrate his distinction between sense and reference and subsequent philosophers changed the example to Hesperus is Phosphorus so that it utilized proper names Saul Kripke used the sentence to posit that the knowledge of something necessary in this case the identity of Hesperus and Phosphorus could be empirical rather than knowable a priori See also EditAurvandill a figure in German mythology also known as Earendel Hesperides Lucifer the Latin name for the Morning Star The Wreck of the Hesperus a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Aspect of VenusNotes Edit Collins Latin Dictionary plus Grammar p 231 ISBN 0 06 053690 X Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica 4 27 1 Hyginus Fabulae 65 Ovid Metamorphoses Book XI 295 Servius ad Aen 4 484 Serv Ecl 8 30References EditDiodorus Siculus The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather Twelve volumes Loeb Classical Library Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1989 Vol 3 Books 4 59 8 Online version at Bill Thayer s Web Site Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica Vol 1 2 Immanel Bekker Ludwig Dindorf Friedrich Vogel in aedibus B G Teubneri Leipzig 1888 1890 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Hyginus Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies Online version at the Topos Text Project Maurus Servius Honoratus In Vergilii carmina comentarii Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen Georgius Thilo Leipzig B G Teubner 1881 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More 1859 1942 Boston Cornhill Publishing Co 1922 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses Hugo Magnus Gotha Germany Friedr Andr Perthes 1892 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library External links Edit Hesperus Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed 1911 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hesperus amp oldid 1135904699, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
