'Rocket' life-saving apparatus, an early form of the Breeches buoy
On 24 December 1807 he witnessed the wreck of the frigate Anson in Mount's Bay, when over a hundred people died, and this disaster led him to devote his life and patrimony to the discovery of some means for saving lives at shipwrecks. He spent much labour in attempting to devise a lifeboat, but produced no satisfactory results, and turned his attention to the "Rocket" lifesaving apparatus, an early form of the Breeches buoy. In addition to this, Trengrouse was dismayed at the then common practice of burying victims of shipwrecks in common graves in unconsecrated ground near the site of the wreck, having seen the dead from the Anson buried in the dunes at Loe Bar. He persuaded his local MP, Davies Gilbert, to work for a change in the law, and from 1808 the practice was abolished.
Trengrouse was born in Helston, Cornwall, was the son of Nicholas Trengrouse (1739–1814) by his wife, Mary Williams (d. 1784). The family had long been the principal freeholders in Helston. Henry was educated at Helston grammar school, and resided there all his life. Samuel Drew was his intimate friend.[citation needed]
Background
As early as 1791, John Bell had devised an apparatus for throwing a line to ships from the shore;[1][2] and, concurrently with Trengrouse, Captain George William Manby was engaged in perfecting an apparatus very similar to Bell's. The idea occurred to Manby in February 1807, after the grounding of HMS Snipe a mere 50 yards off shore in a storm and the subsequent loss of 67 lives, and in August he exhibited some experiments to the members of the Suffolk House Humane Society. He sought to establish communication between the shore and the shipwreck by means of a line fastened to a barbed shot which was fired from a mortar on the shore. By means of this line a hawser was drawn out from the shore to the ship, and along it was run a cradle in which the shipwrecked persons were landed. This invention had been recommended by various committees, and adopted to some extent before 1814.[3]
Trengrouse's apparatus, which was designed in 1808, was similar to Manby's in the use of the line and hawser, but instead of a mortar he suggested a rocket, and a chair was used instead of a cradle. The distinctive features of the apparatus consisted of 'a section of a cylinder, which is fitted to the barrel of a musket by a bayonet socket; a rocket with a line attached to its stick is so placed in it that its priming receives fire immediately from the barrel'.[4] The advantages were that the rocket was much lighter and more portable than the mortar; that the cost was much smaller; that there was little risk of the line breaking, because the velocity of a rocket increases gradually, whereas that of a shot fired from a mortar was so great and sudden that the line was frequently broken; the whole of Trengrouse's apparatus could, moreover, be packed in a chest four feet three inches by one foot six inches, and carried by vessels of every size, while Manby contemplated the use of the mortar only on shore, and the safety of the vessel depended therefore on the presence of an apparatus in the vicinity of the wreck.[5]
Recognition
It was not, however, until 28 February 1818, after many journeys to London, that Trengrouse exhibited his apparatus before Admiral Sir Charles Rowley. A committee was appointed, and on 5 March it reported 'that Mr. Trengrouse's mode appears to be the best that has been suggested for the purpose of saving lives from shipwreck by gaining a communication with the shore; and, so far as the experiments went, it most perfectly answered what was proposed;’ it was also suggested that a specimen apparatus should be placed in every dockyard that naval officers might become familiar with its working.[6] In the same year a committee of the Elder Brethren of Trinity House also reported in its favour, and recommended that 'no vessel should be without it.' The government ordered twenty sets, but afterwards preferred to have them constructed by the ordnance department, and paid Trengrouse £50 compensation. In 1821 the Society of Arts awarded him their large silver medal and thirty guineas for the invention. Alexander I of Russia also wrote Trengrouse an autograph letter, presented him with a diamond ring in recognition of the usefulness of his apparatus, and invited him to Russia; but apart from the prize awarded by the Society of Arts and the compensation paid by the government, Trengrouse reaped no pecuniary reward from his invention. An improved rocket was invented by John Dennett in 1826; a later model was devised by Edward Mounier Boxer in 1855. It became, next to the lifeboat, the most important means of saving lives from shipwrecks. Thousands of lives were saved in that way.[7]
Death and memorials
Memorial, St Michael's Church, Helston
Trengrouse died at Helston on 14 February 1854; by his wife Mary, daughter of Samuel Jenken, he left three sons and five daughters. His widow (b. 9 September 1772) died at Helston on 27 March 1863.
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March 04, 2023
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This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Henry Trengrouse 18 March 1772 14 February 1854 was a British inventor who invented the Rocket lifesaving apparatus Henry TrengrouseHenry Trengrouse portrait by John OpieBorn18 March 1772Helston Cornwall EnglandDied14 February 1854 1854 02 14 aged 81 Helston Cornwall EnglandEducationHelston Grammar SchoolOccupationEngineerSpouseMary nee Jenken ChildrenThree sons and five daughtersParent s Nicholas and Mary Trengrouse nee Williams Engineering careerDisciplineCivilSignificant design Rocket life saving apparatus an early form of the Breeches buoyOn 24 December 1807 he witnessed the wreck of the frigate Anson in Mount s Bay when over a hundred people died and this disaster led him to devote his life and patrimony to the discovery of some means for saving lives at shipwrecks He spent much labour in attempting to devise a lifeboat but produced no satisfactory results and turned his attention to the Rocket lifesaving apparatus an early form of the Breeches buoy In addition to this Trengrouse was dismayed at the then common practice of burying victims of shipwrecks in common graves in unconsecrated ground near the site of the wreck having seen the dead from the Anson buried in the dunes at Loe Bar He persuaded his local MP Davies Gilbert to work for a change in the law and from 1808 the practice was abolished Contents 1 Early life 2 Background 3 Recognition 4 Death and memorials 5 See also 6 References and sources 6 1 Notes 6 2 Other sources 7 External linksEarly life EditTrengrouse was born in Helston Cornwall was the son of Nicholas Trengrouse 1739 1814 by his wife Mary Williams d 1784 The family had long been the principal freeholders in Helston Henry was educated at Helston grammar school and resided there all his life Samuel Drew was his intimate friend citation needed Background Edit As early as 1791 John Bell had devised an apparatus for throwing a line to ships from the shore 1 2 and concurrently with Trengrouse Captain George William Manby was engaged in perfecting an apparatus very similar to Bell s The idea occurred to Manby in February 1807 after the grounding of HMS Snipe a mere 50 yards off shore in a storm and the subsequent loss of 67 lives and in August he exhibited some experiments to the members of the Suffolk House Humane Society He sought to establish communication between the shore and the shipwreck by means of a line fastened to a barbed shot which was fired from a mortar on the shore By means of this line a hawser was drawn out from the shore to the ship and along it was run a cradle in which the shipwrecked persons were landed This invention had been recommended by various committees and adopted to some extent before 1814 3 Trengrouse s apparatus which was designed in 1808 was similar to Manby s in the use of the line and hawser but instead of a mortar he suggested a rocket and a chair was used instead of a cradle The distinctive features of the apparatus consisted of a section of a cylinder which is fitted to the barrel of a musket by a bayonet socket a rocket with a line attached to its stick is so placed in it that its priming receives fire immediately from the barrel 4 The advantages were that the rocket was much lighter and more portable than the mortar that the cost was much smaller that there was little risk of the line breaking because the velocity of a rocket increases gradually whereas that of a shot fired from a mortar was so great and sudden that the line was frequently broken the whole of Trengrouse s apparatus could moreover be packed in a chest four feet three inches by one foot six inches and carried by vessels of every size while Manby contemplated the use of the mortar only on shore and the safety of the vessel depended therefore on the presence of an apparatus in the vicinity of the wreck 5 Recognition EditIt was not however until 28 February 1818 after many journeys to London that Trengrouse exhibited his apparatus before Admiral Sir Charles Rowley A committee was appointed and on 5 March it reported that Mr Trengrouse s mode appears to be the best that has been suggested for the purpose of saving lives from shipwreck by gaining a communication with the shore and so far as the experiments went it most perfectly answered what was proposed it was also suggested that a specimen apparatus should be placed in every dockyard that naval officers might become familiar with its working 6 In the same year a committee of the Elder Brethren of Trinity House also reported in its favour and recommended that no vessel should be without it The government ordered twenty sets but afterwards preferred to have them constructed by the ordnance department and paid Trengrouse 50 compensation In 1821 the Society of Arts awarded him their large silver medal and thirty guineas for the invention Alexander I of Russia also wrote Trengrouse an autograph letter presented him with a diamond ring in recognition of the usefulness of his apparatus and invited him to Russia but apart from the prize awarded by the Society of Arts and the compensation paid by the government Trengrouse reaped no pecuniary reward from his invention An improved rocket was invented by John Dennett in 1826 a later model was devised by Edward Mounier Boxer in 1855 It became next to the lifeboat the most important means of saving lives from shipwrecks Thousands of lives were saved in that way 7 Death and memorials Edit Memorial St Michael s Church Helston Trengrouse died at Helston on 14 February 1854 by his wife Mary daughter of Samuel Jenken he left three sons and five daughters His widow b 9 September 1772 died at Helston on 27 March 1863 An example of his life saving apparatus is on display at Helston Folk Museum 8 He is buried in the churchyard of St Michael s Church Helston and is commemorated in the naming of Trengrouse Way a main thoroughfare in the town See also Edit Cornwall portalCongreve rockets George William Manby Coastguards of Yesteryear Manby Mortar or Rocket Apparatus References and sources EditNotes Edit Parl Papers 1810 11 vol xi No 215 1814 xi 417 51 Trans Soc of Arts 1807 vol xxv Parl Papers new ser 1816 xix 193 227 Parl Papers 1825 xxi 361 Trans Soc of Arts xxxviii 161 5 Parl Papers 1825 xxxi 361 Tables relating to Life Salvage 1897 http www helstonmuseum org uk home Other sources Edit Gentleman s Magazine 1819 i 559 60 1822 ii 71 Encyclopaedia Britannica 9th ed xi 143 Illustrated London News 23 Oct 1854 George Clement Boase and William Prideaux Courtney s Bibliotheca Cornubiensis Boase s Collect Cornub This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Henry Trengrouse Dictionary of National Biography London Smith Elder amp Co 1885 1900 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Trengrouse UKTV History channel Henry Trengrouse Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry Trengrouse amp oldid 1124432286, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
