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Hawthorne, Florida

May 03, 2023

Hawthorne (/ˈhɔːθoʊrn/ (listen)) is a city in Alachua County, Florida, United States, incorporated in 1881. Indigenous peoples of the Americas had been living in the area since around 100 CE; Hawthorne grew around their trading trails. Throughout its history, Hawthorne has been known for its agriculture, railroad, and rural lifestyle. Hawthorne's population was 1,478 at the 2020 census, with an area of 7.38 sq mi (19.1 km2).

Hawthorne, Florida
City
Mural depicting Hawthorne's history
Location in Alachua County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 29°35′17″N 82°5′2″W / 29.58806°N 82.08389°W / 29.58806; -82.08389Coordinates: 29°35′17″N 82°5′2″W / 29.58806°N 82.08389°W / 29.58806; -82.08389[1]
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
CountyAlachua
Incorporated (city)1881
Government
[2]
 • City managerWendy Sapp
 • MayorJacquelyn Randall
 • Vice mayorTommie Howard
 • CommissionerPatricia Bouie
Matt Surrency
DeLoris Roberts
Area
[3]
 • Total7.64 sq mi (19.79 km2)
 • Land7.38 sq mi (19.11 km2)
 • Water0.26 sq mi (0.68 km2)
Elevation
148 ft (45 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,478
 • Density200.27/sq mi (77.33/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
32640
Area code352
FIPS code12-29275[1]
GNIS feature ID0283829[4]
Websitewww.cityofhawthorne.net

History

People have been living in the Hawthorne area since the mid-Woodland period; a Cades Pond culture (100–600 CE) mound is near the city,[5] and an Alachua culture (600–1700 CE) campsite was found in Hawthorne with aboriginal ceramics and lithics.[6][7] Timucua-speaking natives were living in North Florida when the Spanish arrived during the 16th century. Natives in Alachua County were allied with Chief Potano, and those in Palatka were allied with Chief Utina.[8] In 1774, William Bartram traveled between western Alachua County and the Palatka area on what he called an "old Spanish highway",[9] an "old Indian and trading trail" which passed through the Hawthorne area.[10][11][12] Hawthorne's history is tied to its crossroads.[13]

A road between Micanopy and Palatka via the Hawthorne area appears on an 1837 map.[14] During the 1840s, a mill was constructed on Little Orange Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of the center of present-day Hawthorne. The Pleasant Grove Baptist Church was founded at this time, and a post office opened at the mill in 1854. In 1869, the area's first school opened in a log cabin.[15]

Phosphate was discovered near Hawthorne during the late 1870s. Near the same time, the first subdivision, the Town of Hawthorn, was platted. The area had been previously known as Jamestown—named after James M. Hawthorn.[15][16][17] A second subdivision, Waits Crossing, was platted in 1881. The subdivisions provided north–south and east–west rights-of-way, which brought rail service.[18] Track was first laid by the Peninsula Railroad in Hawthorne in 1879 for a north–south line intended to connect Waldo and Ocala. Near the same time, track laid by the Florida Southern Railroad reached Hawthorne; its east–west line was intended to connect Palatka and Gainesville.[19][20] Each railroad company had a depot in the Hawthorne area, about a half-mile apart.[21] A Hawthorn post office was established in 1880, and its spelling was changed to Hawthorne in 1950.[22]

In 1881, 36 years after Florida became a state, the state legislature created the municipal corporation of Hawthorne.[18] Florida Southern began selling land granted to it by the state almost a decade after the railroads were built, including land in Hawthorne described as "in the heart of a famous vegetable region ... large public school, churches, stores, hotels, three cotton gins, wagon repair shop."[23] At this time, Hawthorne was known for its hunting and fishing and "Northern sportsmen frequented the area to enjoy" it. Sportsmen could stay at William Shepard Moore's hotel; he served breakfast early and had hunting dogs, guides, and horses available.[24]

During the 1880s many orange groves were planted in the Hawthorne area,[24] but after the 1894 Great Freeze ruined citrus trees, growers switched to vegetables; the area became known for Sea Island cotton (Pima cotton) around the turn of the 20th century although it had been grown there since at least the early 1880s.[25][26] The boll weevil halted the cotton trade, however, and Hawthorne diversified into brickmaking, other agriculture, turpentine production, and railroad work.[27] Because two rail lines crossed in the city, it became a transfer point; there was no passenger station, however, and travelers had to walk (or ride) to the connecting line's depot. The Florida state railroad commission declared that the depots were inadequate to accommodate the "traveling public", and required the rail companies to build a segregated union passenger station in Hawthorne by November 1912.[28] Hawthorne was a bustling community in 1913 with a cotton gin, a bank, four general stores, a drug store, three hotels, and two furniture stores.[29]

The city experienced a boom during the 1920s; by late in the decade, Hawthorne had a bank, high school, ice and electric plants, a Western Union, a Railway Express Agency, and a telephone exchange.[30] Although the city suffered during the Great Depression, daily rail service continued; Highway 20 was paved, and a bridge was built over the railroad tracks. The area remained an agricultural center.[31]

The original city hall burned during the mid-to-late 1930s and was replaced by a "white stucco building with Mediterranean influence",[32] which was Hawthorne's city hall until 2018.[33] That year, the city hall moved down the street to an old bank building on the corner of County Road 2082, and the old city-hall building began use as a community center.[34][35]

During the 1940s, agriculture declined because the land had not been replenished.[36] The pulpwood industry began when National Container (a box company later purchased by Owens-Illinois)[37] bought 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) in the area. A state forest was created south of Hawthorne with 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) of purchased land.[38] While there was not much growth after World War II, Hawthorne was still a center for hunting and fishing.[29] Little growth occurred in the 1950s and 1960s; Hawthorne was known for its lima beans, and more farmland was sold to lumber companies. Trees were still tapped for turpentine before that industry ended in the late 1950s. US 301, built during the early 1960s, bypassed downtown Hawthorne to reduce driving times.[36]

Growth revived somewhat during the 1970s. As automobiles became the dominant means of transportation, passenger trains and buses stopped serving the city. Many residents began commuting to Gainesville to work after local industries declined. The area's rural lifestyle became appreciated during the 1980s, although local jobs still existed at sand mines, chicken ranches, and plywood mills.[39] Since the 1980s, Hawthorne has experienced little population growth.[a]

The city of Hawthorne annexed approximately 1,300 acres owned by Plum Creek Land Company in 2015.[40]

  •  

    Morrison's Mill, c. 1850

  •  

    James M. Hawthorn, c. 1890

  •  

    Cotton gin, c. 1900

  •  

    Railroad station, 1914

  •  

    Historical marker, front

  •  

    Historical marker, reverse

  •  

    Old city hall, c. 2008

  •  

    New city hall, 2018

Geography

Hawthorne is on the eastern boundary of Alachua County, and a portion of the city borders the Alachua–Putnam county line.[41] It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Gainesville, the largest city in the county.[42] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.06 sq mi (18.3 km2); 6.802 sq mi (17.62 km2) is land, and 0.258 sq mi (0.67 km2) is water.[1]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1900296—
19103249.5%
192054367.6%
193060010.5%
194074123.5%
19501,05842.8%
19601,16710.3%
19701,126−3.5%
19801,30315.7%
19901,3050.2%
20001,4158.4%
20101,4170.1%
20201,4784.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[43]
Hawthorne Comparative Demographics
2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates[44]
Hawthorne Alachua County Florida United States
Total population 1,862 259,865 20,278,447 321,004,407
Owner-occupied housing, median value $127,900 $167,000 $178,700 $193,500
Median household income $37,500 $45,478 $50,883 $57,652
Individuals below poverty level 29.0% 23.3% 15.5% 14.6%
High school degree or higher 82.0% 92.1% 87.6% 87.3%
Bachelor's degree or higher 18.9% 41.4% 28.5% 30.9%
Foreign born 2.26% 9.97% 20.25% 13.14%
White 48.82% 69.54% 75.67% 73.01%
Black 47.69% 20.16% 16.13% 12.65%
Hispanic (any race) 2.79% 9.26% 24.73% 17.6%
Asian 0.21% 5.88% 2.68% 5.35%
Other 0.21% 0.88% 2.64% 4.71%
Two or more races 3.06% 3.16% 2.54% 3.14%
Veterans 6.39% 5.95% 7.17% 5.9%

The 2020 census listed the population of Hawthorne as 1,478.[45] The 2010 census listed 1,417 people, 561 households, and 357 families residing in the city.[46] Hawthorne's population density was 295.2 inhabitants per square mile (114.0/km2). There were 681 housing units, with an average density of 141.9 per square mile (54.8/km2). The city's racial makeup was 52.4 percent white, 45.3 percent black or African American, 0.1 percent native American, 0.3 percent Asian, 0.5 percent other races, and 1.5 percent two (or more) races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were two percent of the population.

Of the 561 households, 31.6 percent had children under age 18 living with them; 38.3 percent were married couples living together, 21.0 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4 percent were non-families. Individuals made up 31.4 percent of all households, 12.0 percent of whom were age 65 or older. The average household size was 2.534, and the average family size was 3.15.

By age, 23.2 percent were under age 18; 2.4 percent were 18 to 21, 52.9 percent were 21 to 62, and 20.1 percent were age 62 or older; the median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.2 males; for every 100 females over 18, there were 86.6 males.

According to the Census Bureau,[47] median household income in the city was $37,500 and median family income was $46,875. Hawthorne's per capita income was $14,353. About 25.5 percent of families and 29.0 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.8 percent of those under age 18 and 16.6 percent of those aged 65 or over.

Government

Hawthorne is chartered as a commission–manager[48] form of government. The charter officers are the city commission, with five commissioners, a mayor, and a vice-mayor. A city manager is responsible to the commission for the administration of all city affairs.[49]

The mayor of Hawthorne is Jacquelyn Randall.[50]

Attractions

Hawthorne obtained 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) surrounding Little Orange Creek (where a historic mill operated) in 2011.[51] The Little Orange Creek Nature Park opened in 2017.[52] Managed by the city, it is divided into two sections. About 65 acres (26 ha) south of State Road 20 are the nature park, and include parking and an environmental-education and event center. North of State Road 20 are 2,800 acres (1,100 ha) which are "preserved as a conservation area for local plants and wildlife". The preserve has public trails for hiking, bicycling, and horseback riding.[51]

The city also owns and maintains Lindsey Phillips Park, off US Highway 301. The park (on Johnson Lake) has a boat ramp, fishing pier, playground, and picnic facilities.[53]

Several conservation areas are south and west of Hawthorne. Immediately adjacent to the city is the over-11,000-acre (4,500 ha) Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area. Its Cross Creek Trail is part of the Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail.[54] Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area provides opportunities for hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, hunting, fishing, canoeing, and boating.[55]

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park, about fourteen miles southwest of Hawthorne, maintains the "authentic Florida cracker homestead" where Rawlings lived and wrote her Pulitzer Prize-winning books.[56] Although Rawlings did not live in Hawthorne, she used the Hawthorne post office and received mail addressed to "Hawthorn".[57]

Sports

The city owns and maintains Hawthorne Athletic Park, which has four dual-use baseball-softball fields, a multi-purpose field, a playground, concession stand, and picnic facility.[53] A non-profit organization, Hawthorne Youth Sports, offers a variety of sports for children in the area: baseball, softball, t-ball, tackle football, soccer, basketball, and cheerleading.[58] The Hawthorne Hornets football team, coached by former NFL player Cornelius Ingram, plays at the Hawthorne High School football stadium.[59] In 2018, the city opened a wellness center adjacent to Hawthorne Athletic Park; most of the gym members are senior citizens.[60][61]

Infrastructure

Transportation

 
CSX train in Hawthorne
 
Hawthorne entrance to the Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail

The city sits at the intersection of US Highway 301 and Florida State Road 20.[62] Love's Travel Stops opened a truck stop on US 301, less than a half-mile north of the intersection with Florida State Road 20, in 2016.[63]

CSX Transportation owns the north–south rail line which runs through Hawthorne, and operates a station.[clarification needed][64] The line, part of the Wildwood Subdivision, is used for freight. Its Edgar spur runs from Hawthorne to Edgar (near Interlachen),[65] and the 1912 railroad station is used as a business.[66]

The Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail connects Gainesville to Hawthorne with a sixteen-mile, paved trail.[67] The trail runs through conservation areas in Alachua County that features wetlands, upland hammocks, and pine flatwoods,[29] and can be used for walking, cycling, and (in parts) horseback riding.[68] It was created through the Rails-to-Trails program, which converted the abandoned railroad between Hawthorne and Gainesville to a recreational trail.[69]

Utilities

The Department of Public Works provides solid-waste pickup (including recyclable items), potable water, and a sewer system with wastewater services.[70] Electrical power is provided by Florida Power & Light and the Clay Electric Cooperative.[71]

Health care

Medical services are provided by Azalea Health, which operates a clinic in the city.[72] Fifteen hospitals are within 30 miles (48 km) of Hawthorne. The closest are in Gainesville: Shands Hospital, North Florida/South Georgia Veteran Affairs Health Care System, and the North Florida Regional Medical Center. To the east, Putnam Community Medical Center is available for Hawthorne residents who are closer to Palatka. Florida Hospital Ocala and Ocala Regional Medical Center are in Ocala, south of Hawthorne.[73]

In August 2018,[74] Shands Hospital was the only Level I trauma center in Alachua and its eight adjacent counties. Ocala Regional Medical Center in Marion County and Orange Park Medical Center in Clay County offer Level II trauma services.[75]

Emergency services

 
Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 25

Law enforcement in Hawthorne is provided by the Alachua County Sheriff's Office,[76] and emergency services are provided by Alachua County Fire Rescue.[77] In 2015, Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 62 moved into a renovated station in Hawthorne. The station (number 25) houses a fire engine, rescue ambulance, brush truck, and tanker.[77]

Education

Hawthorne is served by the Alachua County Public Schools, which operates Shell Elementary School and Hawthorne Middle/High School.[78][79] The Alachua County Library District has a branch library in the city.[80] The elementary school was named after Chester Shell, who spearheaded a campaign to open a school for black children in Hawthorne. The school for black students opened in 1922 as Hawthorne High School. Schools at that location were known as Hawthorne High School, Shell High School, Shell Middle School, and Shell Elementary School.[81]

Media

Television stations available over the air in Hawthorne are WUFT PBS, WOGX Fox, WCJB-TV ABC, WGFL CBS, and WYME-CD MeTV.[82] There are 22 AM and FM radio stations within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the city.[83] The Gainesville Sun, The Independent Florida Alligator, and Alachua County Today are local newspapers.[84]

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ See historical population table in demographics section.

References

  1. ^ a b c US Gazetteer files 2018.
  2. ^ Elected Officials 2021.
  3. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  4. ^ Geonames 2008.
  5. ^ Hemmings 1978, pp. 142–143.
  6. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 22.
  7. ^ Florida Master File 1990, AL02562.
  8. ^ Milanich 1996, pp. 52–53.
  9. ^ Bartram 2012.
  10. ^ Historical Marker Database 2017.
  11. ^ Historical Marker.
  12. ^ Historical Marker Back.
  13. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 26.
  14. ^ Lee 1837.
  15. ^ a b Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 23.
  16. ^ Census Reports 1884, p. 13.
  17. ^ Florida Fact 1992.
  18. ^ a b Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 24.
  19. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 32.
  20. ^ Census Reports 1884, p. 9.
  21. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 41.
  22. ^ Postal History.
  23. ^ Matthews 1888.
  24. ^ a b Historic Alachua County, p. 163.
  25. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 25.
  26. ^ Eden of the South.
  27. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 45.
  28. ^ Railroad Commission Report 1908, pp. 58–59.
  29. ^ a b c Historic Alachua County, p. 164.
  30. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 48.
  31. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 51.
  32. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, pp. 50, 88.
  33. ^ Matheson Museum Photograph Collection.
  34. ^ WCJB ABC20 CH 2018.
  35. ^ City of Hawthorne Community Center.
  36. ^ a b Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 53.
  37. ^ Florida Memory 1950.
  38. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, p. 52.
  39. ^ Historic Hawthorne 1996, pp. 53, 55.
  40. ^ WUFT, October 17, 2019.
  41. ^ Alachua County Property Appraiser 2018.
  42. ^ Dooley, Pat (February 20, 2004). "Hawthorne completes its field of dreams". Gainesville Sun. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  43. ^ Decennial Census.
  44. ^ Census: Fact Finder, 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
  45. ^ Census 2020 Redistricting.
  46. ^ Census: Fact Finder, 2010 Demographic Profile.
  47. ^ Census: Fact Finder, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
  48. ^ Commission-Manager Govt.
  49. ^ Charter.
  50. ^ Florida Mayors 2021.
  51. ^ a b Friends of Little Orange Creek.
  52. ^ Sargent 2017.
  53. ^ a b City of Hawthorne Parks.
  54. ^ Florida Birding Trail.
  55. ^ Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area.
  56. ^ Rawlings State Park.
  57. ^ Kisling 2014.
  58. ^ Hawthorne Youth Sports.
  59. ^ LaPeer 2018.
  60. ^ WCJB ABC20 WC 2018.
  61. ^ WUFT, February 2, 2019.
  62. ^ FL DOT.
  63. ^ Love's.
  64. ^ CSX Map.
  65. ^ CSX Timetable.
  66. ^ Surviving Florida Train Station.
  67. ^ Cunningham 2018.
  68. ^ Florida State Parks.
  69. ^ Rails-to-Trails.
  70. ^ City of Hawthorne DPW.
  71. ^ Public Power.
  72. ^ Azalea Health.
  73. ^ Hawthorne Hospitals.
  74. ^ Florida Trauma Centers.
  75. ^ Trauma System Florida.
  76. ^ ACSO.
  77. ^ a b ACFR stations.
  78. ^ Chester Shell.
  79. ^ Alachua County Public Schools.
  80. ^ Alachua County Library District, Locations.
  81. ^ Longstreth, p. 14.
  82. ^ TV stations.
  83. ^ Radio stations.
  84. ^ Newspapers.
  85. ^ Ramakers 2008.
  86. ^ Capace 2001, p. 173.
  87. ^ Capace 2000, p. 149.
  88. ^ Savage 2014.
  89. ^ Van Ness 2011.

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  • "Surviving Florida Railroad Stations" (PDF). American-Rails.com. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  • "Trauma System Florida Department of Health". www.floridahealth.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
  • "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  • WCJB. "Hawthorne opens new downtown city hall". Retrieved 2018-10-30.
  • WCJB. "NCFL city welcomes wellness center". Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  • Webber, Carl (1883). The Eden of the South (Electronic reproduction). New York: Leve & Alden. pp. 60–61. LCCN 01021712. Retrieved 2018-12-12.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hawthorne, Florida.
  • Hawthorne Branch Library
  • Former official website
  • Student project from 1997

May 03, 2023
hawthorne, florida, hawthorne, ɔː, listen, city, alachua, county, florida, united, states, incorporated, 1881, indigenous, peoples, americas, been, living, area, since, around, hawthorne, grew, around, their, trading, trails, throughout, history, hawthorne, be. Hawthorne ˈ h ɔː 8 oʊ r n listen is a city in Alachua County Florida United States incorporated in 1881 Indigenous peoples of the Americas had been living in the area since around 100 CE Hawthorne grew around their trading trails Throughout its history Hawthorne has been known for its agriculture railroad and rural lifestyle Hawthorne s population was 1 478 at the 2020 census with an area of 7 38 sq mi 19 1 km2 Hawthorne FloridaCityMural depicting Hawthorne s historyLocation in Alachua County and the state of FloridaCoordinates 29 35 17 N 82 5 2 W 29 58806 N 82 08389 W 29 58806 82 08389 Coordinates 29 35 17 N 82 5 2 W 29 58806 N 82 08389 W 29 58806 82 08389 1 CountryUnited StatesStateFloridaCountyAlachuaIncorporated city 1881Government 2 City managerWendy Sapp MayorJacquelyn Randall Vice mayorTommie Howard CommissionerPatricia BouieMatt SurrencyDeLoris RobertsArea 3 Total7 64 sq mi 19 79 km2 Land7 38 sq mi 19 11 km2 Water0 26 sq mi 0 68 km2 Elevation148 ft 45 m Population 2020 Total1 478 Density200 27 sq mi 77 33 km2 Time zoneUTC 5 Eastern EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP code32640Area code352FIPS code12 29275 1 GNIS feature ID0283829 4 Websitewww wbr cityofhawthorne wbr net Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 Government 5 Attractions 6 Sports 7 Infrastructure 7 1 Transportation 7 2 Utilities 7 3 Health care 7 4 Emergency services 8 Education 9 Media 10 Notable people 11 Notes 12 References 13 Sources 14 External linksHistory EditPeople have been living in the Hawthorne area since the mid Woodland period a Cades Pond culture 100 600 CE mound is near the city 5 and an Alachua culture 600 1700 CE campsite was found in Hawthorne with aboriginal ceramics and lithics 6 7 Timucua speaking natives were living in North Florida when the Spanish arrived during the 16th century Natives in Alachua County were allied with Chief Potano and those in Palatka were allied with Chief Utina 8 In 1774 William Bartram traveled between western Alachua County and the Palatka area on what he called an old Spanish highway 9 an old Indian and trading trail which passed through the Hawthorne area 10 11 12 Hawthorne s history is tied to its crossroads 13 A road between Micanopy and Palatka via the Hawthorne area appears on an 1837 map 14 During the 1840s a mill was constructed on Little Orange Creek 1 5 miles 2 4 km east of the center of present day Hawthorne The Pleasant Grove Baptist Church was founded at this time and a post office opened at the mill in 1854 In 1869 the area s first school opened in a log cabin 15 Phosphate was discovered near Hawthorne during the late 1870s Near the same time the first subdivision the Town of Hawthorn was platted The area had been previously known as Jamestown named after James M Hawthorn 15 16 17 A second subdivision Waits Crossing was platted in 1881 The subdivisions provided north south and east west rights of way which brought rail service 18 Track was first laid by the Peninsula Railroad in Hawthorne in 1879 for a north south line intended to connect Waldo and Ocala Near the same time track laid by the Florida Southern Railroad reached Hawthorne its east west line was intended to connect Palatka and Gainesville 19 20 Each railroad company had a depot in the Hawthorne area about a half mile apart 21 A Hawthorn post office was established in 1880 and its spelling was changed to Hawthorne in 1950 22 In 1881 36 years after Florida became a state the state legislature created the municipal corporation of Hawthorne 18 Florida Southern began selling land granted to it by the state almost a decade after the railroads were built including land in Hawthorne described as in the heart of a famous vegetable region large public school churches stores hotels three cotton gins wagon repair shop 23 At this time Hawthorne was known for its hunting and fishing and Northern sportsmen frequented the area to enjoy it Sportsmen could stay at William Shepard Moore s hotel he served breakfast early and had hunting dogs guides and horses available 24 During the 1880s many orange groves were planted in the Hawthorne area 24 but after the 1894 Great Freeze ruined citrus trees growers switched to vegetables the area became known for Sea Island cotton Pima cotton around the turn of the 20th century although it had been grown there since at least the early 1880s 25 26 The boll weevil halted the cotton trade however and Hawthorne diversified into brickmaking other agriculture turpentine production and railroad work 27 Because two rail lines crossed in the city it became a transfer point there was no passenger station however and travelers had to walk or ride to the connecting line s depot The Florida state railroad commission declared that the depots were inadequate to accommodate the traveling public and required the rail companies to build a segregated union passenger station in Hawthorne by November 1912 28 Hawthorne was a bustling community in 1913 with a cotton gin a bank four general stores a drug store three hotels and two furniture stores 29 The city experienced a boom during the 1920s by late in the decade Hawthorne had a bank high school ice and electric plants a Western Union a Railway Express Agency and a telephone exchange 30 Although the city suffered during the Great Depression daily rail service continued Highway 20 was paved and a bridge was built over the railroad tracks The area remained an agricultural center 31 The original city hall burned during the mid to late 1930s and was replaced by a white stucco building with Mediterranean influence 32 which was Hawthorne s city hall until 2018 33 That year the city hall moved down the street to an old bank building on the corner of County Road 2082 and the old city hall building began use as a community center 34 35 During the 1940s agriculture declined because the land had not been replenished 36 The pulpwood industry began when National Container a box company later purchased by Owens Illinois 37 bought 15 000 acres 6 100 ha in the area A state forest was created south of Hawthorne with 40 000 acres 16 000 ha of purchased land 38 While there was not much growth after World War II Hawthorne was still a center for hunting and fishing 29 Little growth occurred in the 1950s and 1960s Hawthorne was known for its lima beans and more farmland was sold to lumber companies Trees were still tapped for turpentine before that industry ended in the late 1950s US 301 built during the early 1960s bypassed downtown Hawthorne to reduce driving times 36 Growth revived somewhat during the 1970s As automobiles became the dominant means of transportation passenger trains and buses stopped serving the city Many residents began commuting to Gainesville to work after local industries declined The area s rural lifestyle became appreciated during the 1980s although local jobs still existed at sand mines chicken ranches and plywood mills 39 Since the 1980s Hawthorne has experienced little population growth a The city of Hawthorne annexed approximately 1 300 acres owned by Plum Creek Land Company in 2015 40 Morrison s Mill c 1850 James M Hawthorn c 1890 Cotton gin c 1900 Railroad station 1914 Historical marker front Historical marker reverse Old city hall c 2008 New city hall 2018Geography EditHawthorne is on the eastern boundary of Alachua County and a portion of the city borders the Alachua Putnam county line 41 It is 17 miles 27 km east of Gainesville the largest city in the county 42 According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 7 06 sq mi 18 3 km2 6 802 sq mi 17 62 km2 is land and 0 258 sq mi 0 67 km2 is water 1 Demographics EditHistorical population CensusPop Note 1900296 19103249 5 192054367 6 193060010 5 194074123 5 19501 05842 8 19601 16710 3 19701 126 3 5 19801 30315 7 19901 3050 2 20001 4158 4 20101 4170 1 20201 4784 3 U S Decennial Census 43 Hawthorne Comparative Demographics2013 2017 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates 44 Hawthorne Alachua County Florida United StatesTotal population 1 862 259 865 20 278 447 321 004 407Owner occupied housing median value 127 900 167 000 178 700 193 500Median household income 37 500 45 478 50 883 57 652Individuals below poverty level 29 0 23 3 15 5 14 6 High school degree or higher 82 0 92 1 87 6 87 3 Bachelor s degree or higher 18 9 41 4 28 5 30 9 Foreign born 2 26 9 97 20 25 13 14 White 48 82 69 54 75 67 73 01 Black 47 69 20 16 16 13 12 65 Hispanic any race 2 79 9 26 24 73 17 6 Asian 0 21 5 88 2 68 5 35 Other 0 21 0 88 2 64 4 71 Two or more races 3 06 3 16 2 54 3 14 Veterans 6 39 5 95 7 17 5 9 The 2020 census listed the population of Hawthorne as 1 478 45 The 2010 census listed 1 417 people 561 households and 357 families residing in the city 46 Hawthorne s population density was 295 2 inhabitants per square mile 114 0 km2 There were 681 housing units with an average density of 141 9 per square mile 54 8 km2 The city s racial makeup was 52 4 percent white 45 3 percent black or African American 0 1 percent native American 0 3 percent Asian 0 5 percent other races and 1 5 percent two or more races Hispanics or Latinos of any race were two percent of the population Of the 561 households 31 6 percent had children under age 18 living with them 38 3 percent were married couples living together 21 0 percent had a female householder with no husband present and 36 4 percent were non families Individuals made up 31 4 percent of all households 12 0 percent of whom were age 65 or older The average household size was 2 534 and the average family size was 3 15 By age 23 2 percent were under age 18 2 4 percent were 18 to 21 52 9 percent were 21 to 62 and 20 1 percent were age 62 or older the median age was 41 5 years For every 100 females there were 86 2 males for every 100 females over 18 there were 86 6 males According to the Census Bureau 47 median household income in the city was 37 500 and median family income was 46 875 Hawthorne s per capita income was 14 353 About 25 5 percent of families and 29 0 percent of the population were below the poverty line including 34 8 percent of those under age 18 and 16 6 percent of those aged 65 or over Government EditHawthorne is chartered as a commission manager 48 form of government The charter officers are the city commission with five commissioners a mayor and a vice mayor A city manager is responsible to the commission for the administration of all city affairs 49 The mayor of Hawthorne is Jacquelyn Randall 50 Attractions EditHawthorne obtained 3 000 acres 1 200 ha surrounding Little Orange Creek where a historic mill operated in 2011 51 The Little Orange Creek Nature Park opened in 2017 52 Managed by the city it is divided into two sections About 65 acres 26 ha south of State Road 20 are the nature park and include parking and an environmental education and event center North of State Road 20 are 2 800 acres 1 100 ha which are preserved as a conservation area for local plants and wildlife The preserve has public trails for hiking bicycling and horseback riding 51 The city also owns and maintains Lindsey Phillips Park off US Highway 301 The park on Johnson Lake has a boat ramp fishing pier playground and picnic facilities 53 Several conservation areas are south and west of Hawthorne Immediately adjacent to the city is the over 11 000 acre 4 500 ha Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area Its Cross Creek Trail is part of the Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail 54 Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area provides opportunities for hiking bicycling horseback riding hunting fishing canoeing and boating 55 Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park about fourteen miles southwest of Hawthorne maintains the authentic Florida cracker homestead where Rawlings lived and wrote her Pulitzer Prize winning books 56 Although Rawlings did not live in Hawthorne she used the Hawthorne post office and received mail addressed to Hawthorn 57 Sports EditThe city owns and maintains Hawthorne Athletic Park which has four dual use baseball softball fields a multi purpose field a playground concession stand and picnic facility 53 A non profit organization Hawthorne Youth Sports offers a variety of sports for children in the area baseball softball t ball tackle football soccer basketball and cheerleading 58 The Hawthorne Hornets football team coached by former NFL player Cornelius Ingram plays at the Hawthorne High School football stadium 59 In 2018 the city opened a wellness center adjacent to Hawthorne Athletic Park most of the gym members are senior citizens 60 61 Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit CSX train in Hawthorne Hawthorne entrance to the Gainesville Hawthorne State Trail The city sits at the intersection of US Highway 301 and Florida State Road 20 62 Love s Travel Stops opened a truck stop on US 301 less than a half mile north of the intersection with Florida State Road 20 in 2016 63 CSX Transportation owns the north south rail line which runs through Hawthorne and operates a station clarification needed 64 The line part of the Wildwood Subdivision is used for freight Its Edgar spur runs from Hawthorne to Edgar near Interlachen 65 and the 1912 railroad station is used as a business 66 The Gainesville Hawthorne State Trail connects Gainesville to Hawthorne with a sixteen mile paved trail 67 The trail runs through conservation areas in Alachua County that features wetlands upland hammocks and pine flatwoods 29 and can be used for walking cycling and in parts horseback riding 68 It was created through the Rails to Trails program which converted the abandoned railroad between Hawthorne and Gainesville to a recreational trail 69 Utilities Edit The Department of Public Works provides solid waste pickup including recyclable items potable water and a sewer system with wastewater services 70 Electrical power is provided by Florida Power amp Light and the Clay Electric Cooperative 71 Health care Edit Medical services are provided by Azalea Health which operates a clinic in the city 72 Fifteen hospitals are within 30 miles 48 km of Hawthorne The closest are in Gainesville Shands Hospital North Florida South Georgia Veteran Affairs Health Care System and the North Florida Regional Medical Center To the east Putnam Community Medical Center is available for Hawthorne residents who are closer to Palatka Florida Hospital Ocala and Ocala Regional Medical Center are in Ocala south of Hawthorne 73 In August 2018 74 Shands Hospital was the only Level I trauma center in Alachua and its eight adjacent counties Ocala Regional Medical Center in Marion County and Orange Park Medical Center in Clay County offer Level II trauma services 75 Emergency services Edit Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 25 Law enforcement in Hawthorne is provided by the Alachua County Sheriff s Office 76 and emergency services are provided by Alachua County Fire Rescue 77 In 2015 Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 62 moved into a renovated station in Hawthorne The station number 25 houses a fire engine rescue ambulance brush truck and tanker 77 Education EditHawthorne is served by the Alachua County Public Schools which operates Shell Elementary School and Hawthorne Middle High School 78 79 The Alachua County Library District has a branch library in the city 80 The elementary school was named after Chester Shell who spearheaded a campaign to open a school for black children in Hawthorne The school for black students opened in 1922 as Hawthorne High School Schools at that location were known as Hawthorne High School Shell High School Shell Middle School and Shell Elementary School 81 Media EditTelevision stations available over the air in Hawthorne are WUFT PBS WOGX Fox WCJB TV ABC WGFL CBS and WYME CD MeTV 82 There are 22 AM and FM radio stations within a 25 mile 40 km radius of the city 83 The Gainesville Sun The Independent Florida Alligator and Alachua County Today are local newspapers 84 Notable people EditBo Diddley 85 86 musician James B Edwards 87 Governor of South Carolina Cornelius Ingram 88 National Football League player D R Billy Matthews 89 Congressman from North Florida 1953 1965 Notes Edit See historical population table in demographics section References Edit a b c US Gazetteer files 2018 Elected Officials 2021 sfn error no target CITEREFElected Officials2021 help 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 31 2021 Geonames 2008 Hemmings 1978 pp 142 143 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 22 Florida Master File 1990 AL02562 Milanich 1996 pp 52 53 Bartram 2012 Historical Marker Database 2017 Historical Marker Historical Marker Back Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 26 Lee 1837 a b Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 23 Census Reports 1884 p 13 Florida Fact 1992 a b Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 24 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 32 Census Reports 1884 p 9 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 41 Postal History Matthews 1888 a b Historic Alachua County p 163 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 25 Eden of the South Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 45 Railroad Commission Report 1908 pp 58 59 a b c Historic Alachua County p 164 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 48 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 51 Historic Hawthorne 1996 pp 50 88 Matheson Museum Photograph Collection WCJB ABC20 CH 2018 City of Hawthorne Community Center a b Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 53 Florida Memory 1950 Historic Hawthorne 1996 p 52 Historic Hawthorne 1996 pp 53 55 WUFT October 17 2019 Alachua County Property Appraiser 2018 Dooley Pat February 20 2004 Hawthorne completes its field of dreams Gainesville Sun Retrieved September 13 2019 Decennial Census Census Fact Finder 2013 2017 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Census 2020 Redistricting Census Fact Finder 2010 Demographic Profile Census Fact Finder 2012 2016 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Commission Manager Govt Charter Florida Mayors 2021 a b Friends of Little Orange Creek Sargent 2017 a b City of Hawthorne Parks Florida Birding Trail Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area Rawlings State Park Kisling 2014 Hawthorne Youth Sports LaPeer 2018 WCJB ABC20 WC 2018 WUFT February 2 2019 FL DOT Love s CSX Map CSX Timetable Surviving Florida Train Station Cunningham 2018 Florida State Parks Rails to Trails City of Hawthorne DPW Public Power Azalea Health Hawthorne Hospitals Florida Trauma Centers Trauma System Florida ACSO a b ACFR stations Chester Shell Alachua County Public Schools Alachua County Library District Locations Longstreth p 14 TV stations Radio stations Newspapers Ramakers 2008 Capace 2001 p 173 Capace 2000 p 149 Savage 2014 Van Ness 2011 Sources Edit 2018 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved 2018 11 02 Alachua County Jim Forte Postal History Retrieved 2018 11 02 Alachua County Fire Rescue Department History www alachuacounty us Retrieved 2018 11 15 Alachua County Sheriff s Office www alachuasheriff org Retrieved 2018 11 15 American FactFinder United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on 2020 02 14 Retrieved 2018 11 02 Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of the State of Florida Volumes 11 17 The Commission Railroad Commission of the State of Florida 1908 Bartram William 2012 04 30 Travels of William Bartram Courier Corporation ISBN 9780486138664 Hawthorne appoints Jacquelyn Randall as mayor wcjb com Retrieved 2021 08 16 Capace Nancy 2001 Encyclopedia of Mississippi Somerset Publishers Inc ISBN 9780403096039 Capace Nancy 2000 Encyclopedia of South Carolina Volume 1 of Encyclopedia of the United States Somerset Publishers Inc ISBN 9780403093472 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved 2015 06 04 2020 Census P L 94 171 Redistricting Data Summary Files Census gov Retrieved 2020 08 16 Census Reports Tenth Census Report on cotton production in the United States and also embracing agricultural and physico geographical descriptions of the several cotton states and of California Volume 6 of Census Reports Tenth Census United States Census Office United States Census Office U S Government Printing Office 1884 p 13 Chester Shell Elementary School Retrieved December 11 2018 City Hall Hawthorne Fla ufdc ufl edu Retrieved 2018 10 30 The Commission Manager Form of Government PDF Retrieved December 11 2018 Community Center Hawthorne FL www cityofhawthorne net Retrieved 2019 07 25 CSX Printable System Map CSX Corporation Retrieved 2018 11 08 DTV Reception Maps Federal Communications Commission Retrieved 2018 12 01 for zip code 32640 Cunningham Ron Exploring Florida on two wheels Gainesville Sun Retrieved 2018 10 30 Dataset Alachua County Property Appraiser GIS data acpa opendata arcgis com Retrieved 2018 10 30 Downing R R 2005 01 01 CSX Transportation Jacksonville Division Timetable No 4 PDF Multimodalways Project Retrieved 2018 11 08 Elected Officials Municipalities www votealachua com 2018 10 29 Retrieved 2018 10 29 Florida Electric Industry Maps PDF Florida Municipal Electric Association 2010 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 10 31 Retrieved 2018 10 30 Florida Fact news google com Ocala Star Banner Retrieved 2018 10 29 via Google News Archive Search Florida Newspapers Florida Newspaper List www usnpl com Retrieved 2018 12 01 Florida State Library and Archives of View of the National Container Corporation mill near the railroad tracks in Jacksonville Florida Florida Memory Retrieved 2018 11 03 Florida Trauma Centers PDF Retrieved December 11 2018 Fuller Josephine 14 February 2019 Seniors At Hawthorne Wellness Center Keep Their Minds And Bodies Healthy WUFT News Retrieved 2019 02 22 Gainesville Hawthorne State Park Trail Florida Trails TrailLink com www traillink com Retrieved 2018 11 03 Gainesville Hawthorne State Trail Florida State Parks Retrieved 2018 10 30 Grady Weil Julia 2019 10 17 Hawthorne Climbs Back With 27 Million Makeover WUFT Retrieved 2020 09 10 A Guide to the Donald Ray Billy Matthews Papers www library ufl edu United States Congress House Retrieved 2018 10 29 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Hawthorne Alachua County Library District www aclib us Retrieved 2018 11 09 Hawthorne Azalea Health azahealth org Retrieved 2018 10 31 areavibes Hawthorne FL Crime Rates amp Crime Map AreaVibes Retrieved 2018 12 01 Hawthorne Florida Marker Back plaque outside First Baptist Church Hawthorne Florida Alachua County Historical Commission in Cooperation with Department of State 1973 Retrieved 2018 11 01 Hawthorne Florida Marker Front plaque outside First Baptist Church Hawthorne Florida Alachua County Historical Commission in Cooperation with Department of State 1973 Retrieved 2018 11 01 Hawthorne Historical Marker 2017 07 23 Retrieved 2018 10 31 Hawthorne R amp T textual record Tallahassee Florida USA Florida Master Site File Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resource Bureau of Historic Preservation November 1990 AL02562 Historic Hawthorne Florida Survey and Plan Report University of Florida July 1996 Hemmings E Thomas December 1978 Cades Pond Subsistence Settlement and Ceremonialism The Florida Anthropologist 31 4 Retrieved 2018 11 02 History Friends of Little Orange Creek 2012 10 01 Retrieved 2018 11 07 Home hys youthsports tripod com Retrieved 2018 11 07 Hospitals in hawthorne florida US Hospital Finder www ushospitalfinder com Retrieved 2018 11 30 Kimble Josh Jacquelyn Randall wins election for Hawthorne City Commission seat www wcjb com Retrieved 2019 07 25 Kisling Vernon N Jr Jan 2014 Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings and the Cross Creek Mail PDF Florida Postal History Society Journal 21 1 1 3 5 LaPeer Scott HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL SPOTLIGHT Hawthorne Hornets Gainesville Sun Retrieved 2018 11 07 Lee Williams J 1837 Map of Florida 1837 Map Retrieved 2018 11 02 via RICHES of Central Florida Lochloosa Wildlife Conservation Area GFBWT floridabirdingtrail com Retrieved 2018 11 07 Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area myfwc com Retrieved 2018 11 07 Longstreth James W 1976 Alachua County Schools and How They Got Their Names Alachua County School Board Love s Travel Stops opens in Hawthorne Florida www loves com Retrieved 2018 10 31 Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park Florida State Parks Retrieved 2018 11 07 Matthew Northrup amp Co 1888 Map of Florida Showing the Land Grant of the Florida Southern Railway Map Retrieved 2018 11 02 via RICHES of Central Florida Milanich Jerald T 1996 Timucua VNR AG ISBN 9781557864888 Municode Library library municode com Retrieved 2018 11 07 Parks www cityofhawthorne net Retrieved 2019 05 16 Public Works www cityofhawthorne net Retrieved 2019 05 16 Pickard John B 2001 Historic Alachua County and old Gainesville a tour guide to the past Gainesville FL Alachua Press ISBN 978 0967278865 OCLC 50765140 Radio Stations in 32640 radio locator com Retrieved 2018 12 01 Ramakers Johan 2016 10 10 Bo Diddley 6 2008 Rock and Roll Paradise Rock and Roll Paradise Retrieved 2018 10 29 Sargent Alex Once the hub of Hawthorne Little Orange Creek prepares to shine Gainesville Sun Retrieved 2018 11 07 Savage Larry Former Gator Ingram named head coach at alma mater Gainesville Sun Retrieved 2018 10 29 Schools amp Centers Directory All Schools amp Centers www sbac edu Retrieved 2018 11 02 Stations www alachuacounty us Retrieved 2018 11 15 Straight Line Diagrams Online GIS Web Application www2 dot state fl us Archived from the original on 2014 03 06 Retrieved 2018 10 30 Surviving Florida Railroad Stations PDF American Rails com Retrieved 2018 11 08 Trauma System Florida Department of Health www floridahealth gov Retrieved 2018 11 30 US Board on Geographic Names United States Geological Survey 2007 10 25 Retrieved 2008 01 31 WCJB Hawthorne opens new downtown city hall Retrieved 2018 10 30 WCJB NCFL city welcomes wellness center Retrieved 2018 11 07 Webber Carl 1883 The Eden of the South Electronic reproduction New York Leve amp Alden pp 60 61 LCCN 01021712 Retrieved 2018 12 12 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hawthorne Florida Hawthorne Branch Library Former official website Student project from 1997 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hawthorne Florida amp oldid 1114074384, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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