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Har Dayal

April 21, 2023

Lala Har Dayal Mathur (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 – 4 March 1939) was an Indian nationalist revolutionary and freedom fighter.[1] He was a polymath who turned down a career in the Indian Civil Service. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the U.S. in their campaign against British rule in India during the First World War.

Lala Har Dayal
Har Dayal on a 1987 stamp of India
BornHar Dayal Mathur
(1884-10-14)14 October 1884
Delhi, Panjab Province, British India
Died4 March 1939(1939-03-04) (aged 54)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Notable worksOur Educational Problem, Thoughts on Education, Hints for Self Culture, Glimpses of World Religions and The Bodhisatva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature

Biography

Har Dayal Mathur was born in a Hindu Mathur Kayastha family on 14 October 1884 at Delhi.[2] He studied at the Cambridge Mission School and received his bachelor's degree in Sanskrit from St. Stephen's College, Delhi and his master's degree also in Sanskrit from Punjab University. In 1905, he received two scholarships of Oxford University for his higher studies in Sanskrit: Boden Scholarship, 1907 and Casberd Exhibitioner, an award from St John's College, where he was studying.[3]

He moved to the United States in 1911, where he became involved in industrial unionism. He had also served as secretary of the San Francisco branch of the Industrial Workers of the World alongside Fritz Wolffheim, (later a National Bolshevik after he had left IWW and joined the Communist Workers' Party of Germany). In a statement outlining the principles of the Fraternity of the Red Flag, he said they proposed "the establishment of Communism, and the abolition of private property in land and capital through an industrial organization and the general strike, ultimate abolition of the coercive organization of government". A little over a year later, this group was given 6 acres (24,000 m2) of land and a house in Oakland, where he founded the Bakunin Institute of California, which he described as "the first monastery of anarchism".[4]

In California, he soon developed contacts with Punjabi Sikh farmers in Stockton. Punjabis, a great majority of whom were Sikhs, had started emigrating to the West Coast around the turn of the century. Having experienced hostility by the Canadians in Vancouver, they had already become disaffected with the British. Hardayal tapped into this sentiment of these energetic Sikhs and other Punjabis. Having developed an Indian nationalist perspective, he encouraged young Indians to gain scientific and sociological education.[5][6]

In April 1914, he was arrested by the United States government for spreading anarchist literature and fled to Berlin, Germany. In Berlin he became instrumental to the formation of the Berlin Committee (later: Indian Independence Committee) and cooperated with the German Intelligence Bureau for the East.[7]

He died in Philadelphia on 4 March 1939. In the evening of his death, he delivered a lecture as usual where he had said: "I am in peace with all". But a very close friend of Lala Hardayal and the founder member of Bharat Mata Society (established in 1907), Lala Hanumant Sahai, did not accept the death as natural, he suspected it as poisoning.[8]

In 1987, the India Department of Posts issued a commemorative stamp in his honor, within the series of "India's Struggle for Freedom".[9][10]

Selected works

Some of his books with available references are listed below:[11]

  1. Our Educational Problem: Collection of Lalaji's articles. It was published in Punjabi, from Lahore, as a 1922 book with introduction by Lala Lajpat Rai
  2. Thoughts on Education: Lalaji wrote many articles in Punjabi (published from Lahore) and Modern Review (published from Calcutta); most of them were against the Education Policy of British Government in India. Mr Hem Chand Kaushik gave to the author this book which he published in July 1969.
  3. Social Conquest of Hindu Race: A booklet containing 21 pages, proscribed by British Raj and kept in National Archives of India under Acc.No.74. (Ref:Patriotic s Banned by the Raj)
  4. Writings of Lala Har Dayal: This book was published in 1920 by Swaraj Publishing House, Varanasi, as mentioned in the book by Vishwa Nath Prasad Verma Adhunik Bhartiya Rajneetik Chintan on page 389.
  5. Dayal, Har (1920). Forty-four months in Germany and Turkey, February 1915 to October 1918, a record of personal impressions. London, King.: This book was published in 1920 by P.S. King and Sons in London when Lalaji was living in Sweden. Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthy quoted many references from this book in his Kranti Ka Udghosh.
  6. Lala Har Dayal Ji Ke Swadhin Vichar: This book was translated into Hindi by Sri Narayan Prasad Arora and was published in Raghunandan Press, Kanpur by Pt. Ganga Narayan Shukla in 1922. It can be seen in Seth Soorajmull Jalan Library, Calcutta.
  7. Amrit me Vish: This was the Hindi Translation of above book 'Thoughts on Education'. It was published by Lajpat Rai Prithviraj Sahni from Lohari Gate, Lahore in the year 1922. In the National Library, Calcutta under catalogue no 181.Rc.92.33.
  8. Hints for Self Culture: This famous book of Lala Har Dayal was published by Hy.S.L.Polak and Co. London (U.K) in 1934. Jaico Publishing House published it in 1977 from Bombay by obtaining copyright from its original publisher in 1961. Its Hindi Translation has also been published from Kitab Ghar, Delhi (India) in 1997 under the title 'Vyaktitva Vikas-Sangharsh aur Safalata'.
  9. Glimpses of World Religions': It was the presentation of several religions by Lala Har Dayal from so many angles of history, ethics, theology, and religious philosophy. It reflects the individuality of every religion in a rational way of thinking. This book was also published by Jaico Publishing House India from Bombay.
  10. Bodhisattva Doctrines: Lala Lajpat Rai, who was a mentor of Har Dayal, had suggested him to write an authentic book based on the principles of Gautam Buddha. In 1927 when Har Dayal was not given permission by the British Government to return to India, he decided to remain in London. He wrote this book and presented it to the university as a thesis. The book was approved for Ph.D. and a Doctorate was awarded to him in 1932. It was published from London in the year 1932. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers of India re-published this book in 1970 as The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature.

The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature

This 392-page work of Lala Hardayal consists of 7 chapters which deal with the Bodhisattva doctrine as expounded in the principal Buddhist Sanskrit Literature.

  • In Chapter I the nature of the Bodhisattva doctrine is described, with particular emphasis upon the distinct characteristics of arhat, Bodhisattva, and Sravaka.
  • Chapter II recounts the different factors which contributed to the rise and growth of the Bodhisattva doctrine including the influences of Persian religio-cult, Greek art, and Christian ethics.
  • In Chapter III the production of the thought of Enlightenment for the welfare and liberation of all creatures is expounded.
  • Chapters IV describes thirty-seven practices and principles conducive to the attainment of Enlightenment.
  • In Chapter V ten perfections that lead to welfare, rebirth, serenity, spiritual cultivation, and supreme knowledge are explained.
  • Chapter VI defines different stages of spiritual progress in the aspirant's long journey to the goal of final emancipation.
  • The last Chapter VII relates the events of the Gautama Buddha's past lives as Bodhisattva.

This book contains comprehensive notes and references besides a general index appended at the end. This book has been written in a particularly lucid style which exhibits scholarly acumen and the mastery of Lala Hardayal in literary art. It proved influential with Edward Conze, a German Marxist refugee from Nazi Germany who made Har Dayal 's acquaintance in London in the 1930s.[12]

Appreciations

According to Swami Rama Tirtha, Lala Har Dayal was the greatest Hindu who ever came to America, a great sage and saint, whose life mirrored the highest spirituality as his soul reflected the love of the 'Universal Spirit' whom he tried to realize.[13]

In another appreciation Prof. Dharmavira has sketched the picture of Lala Har Dayal which is being quoted here in verbatim:

Har Dayal dedicated his whole life to the sacred cause of the motherland. Surely from such a person alone could one ask: "Good Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?" Let us drink deep at this spring and wax glad and strong and brave in every nerve and fibre of our being. He was one of the race of those who wrote the New Era in blood. His course was laborious, truthful, simple, independent, noble; and all these in an eminent degree. His experience of the inward and the outward battle was not inconsiderable and it was not confined to his early manhood, but was spread over his whole life. Lala Har Dayal had the Janak and Dadhichi touch and his life demonstrated that he had what it takes.

— Prof. Dharmavira[14] (9 July 1969)

References

  1. ^ Brown, Emily C. (1975). Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-0422-9.
  2. ^ Sareen, Tilakraj (1994). Select Documents on the Ghadr Party. Mounto Publishing House. p. 20. Hardayal was a Delhi man, a high caste Hindu of the Mathur, Kayastha Community
  3. ^ "Making of Britain". Open University. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  4. ^ Avrich, Paul (1988). Anarchist Portraits. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 30. ISBN 0-691-00609-1.
  5. ^ Farquhar, J.N. (1913). The Crown Of Hinduism. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1375792240. Metaphysics has been the curse of India. It has blighted her history and compassed her ruin. ... It has blinded her seers and led them to mistake phantoms for realities. ... Young men of India, look not for wisdom in the musty parchments of your metaphysical treatises. There is nothing but an endless round of verbal jugglery there. Read Rousseau and Voltaire, Plato and Aristotle, Haeckel and Spencer, Marx and Tolstoi, Ruskin and Comte, and other European thinkers, if you wish to understand life and its problems. India has hundreds of really sincere and aspiring young men and women, who are free from all taint of greed and worldliness, but they are altogether useless for any purpose that one may appreciate. They have established monasteries in remote, nooks in the mountains in order to realize the Brahman.
  6. ^ "The Inanity of Brahman and the Vedantic Worldview". Nirmukta. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2020. We keep moving in the old rut; we edit and re-edit the old books instead of translating the classics of European social thought. Indian pundits and graduates seem to suffer from a kind of mania for what is effete and antiquated. Thus an institution, established by progressive men, aims at leading our youths through Sanskrit grammar to the Vedas via the Six Darshanas! What a false move in the quest for wisdom!
  7. ^ Liebau, Heike (2019). ""Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)". MIDA Archival Reflexicon: 3–4.
  8. ^ Dr.'Krant', M.L.Verma (2006). Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas (Vol-2). New Delhi: Praveen Prakashan. p. 452. ISBN 81-7783-120-8.
  9. ^ Jain, Manik (2018). Phila India Guide Book. Philatelia. p. 114.
  10. ^ "LALA HARDAYAL". www.indianpost.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  11. ^ Dr.'Krant', M.L.Verma (2006). Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas (Vol-2). New Delhi (India): Praveen Prakashan. pp. 453–458. ISBN 81-7783-120-8.
  12. ^ De Jong, J. W. (1980). "Edward Conze 1904–1979". Indo-Iranian Journal. 22 (2): 143–146. doi:10.1163/000000080790080729. ISSN 0019-7246. JSTOR 24653324. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  13. ^ Pandit, Vardachari (1969). Thoughts On Education by L. Har Dayal. New Delhi-110024 (India): Vivek Swadhyay Mandal. p. 70.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  14. ^ Pandit, Vardachari (1969). Thoughts On Education by L. Har Dayal. New Delhi-110024 (India): Vivek Swadhyay Mandal. p. 76.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

Further reading

  • Ghadar Movement: Ideology, Organisation and Strategy by Harish K. Puri, Guru Nanak Dev University Press, 1983
  • Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist by Emily C. Brown, The University of Arizona Press, 1975
  • Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist, review by Mark Juergensmeyer. The Journal of Asian Studies, 1976
  • The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature by Har Dayal, 1932; Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1970
  • Pandit Vardachari Thoughts On Education by L. Har Dayal 1969 New Delhi-110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal.
  • "Lala Har Dayal | Indian revolutionary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lala Har Dayal.
  • Our Educational Problem – collection of Lala Har Dayal's articles published in Punjabi (published from Lahore)
  • Sunit Singh: Dayal, Har, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
  • Har Dayal materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)

April 21, 2023
dayal, lala, mathur, punjabi, ਹਰਦ, ਆਲ, october, 1884, march, 1939, indian, nationalist, revolutionary, freedom, fighter, polymath, turned, down, career, indian, civil, service, simple, living, intellectual, acumen, inspired, many, expatriate, indians, living, . Lala Har Dayal Mathur Punjabi ਲ ਲ ਹਰਦ ਆਲ 14 October 1884 4 March 1939 was an Indian nationalist revolutionary and freedom fighter 1 He was a polymath who turned down a career in the Indian Civil Service His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the U S in their campaign against British rule in India during the First World War Lala Har DayalHar Dayal on a 1987 stamp of IndiaBornHar Dayal Mathur 1884 10 14 14 October 1884Delhi Panjab Province British IndiaDied4 March 1939 1939 03 04 aged 54 Philadelphia Pennsylvania U S Notable worksOur Educational Problem Thoughts on Education Hints for Self Culture Glimpses of World Religions and The Bodhisatva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature Contents 1 Biography 2 Selected works 2 1 The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature 3 Appreciations 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBiography EditHar Dayal Mathur was born in a Hindu Mathur Kayastha family on 14 October 1884 at Delhi 2 He studied at the Cambridge Mission School and received his bachelor s degree in Sanskrit from St Stephen s College Delhi and his master s degree also in Sanskrit from Punjab University In 1905 he received two scholarships of Oxford University for his higher studies in Sanskrit Boden Scholarship 1907 and Casberd Exhibitioner an award from St John s College where he was studying 3 He moved to the United States in 1911 where he became involved in industrial unionism He had also served as secretary of the San Francisco branch of the Industrial Workers of the World alongside Fritz Wolffheim later a National Bolshevik after he had left IWW and joined the Communist Workers Party of Germany In a statement outlining the principles of the Fraternity of the Red Flag he said they proposed the establishment of Communism and the abolition of private property in land and capital through an industrial organization and the general strike ultimate abolition of the coercive organization of government A little over a year later this group was given 6 acres 24 000 m2 of land and a house in Oakland where he founded the Bakunin Institute of California which he described as the first monastery of anarchism 4 In California he soon developed contacts with Punjabi Sikh farmers in Stockton Punjabis a great majority of whom were Sikhs had started emigrating to the West Coast around the turn of the century Having experienced hostility by the Canadians in Vancouver they had already become disaffected with the British Hardayal tapped into this sentiment of these energetic Sikhs and other Punjabis Having developed an Indian nationalist perspective he encouraged young Indians to gain scientific and sociological education 5 6 In April 1914 he was arrested by the United States government for spreading anarchist literature and fled to Berlin Germany In Berlin he became instrumental to the formation of the Berlin Committee later Indian Independence Committee and cooperated with the German Intelligence Bureau for the East 7 He died in Philadelphia on 4 March 1939 In the evening of his death he delivered a lecture as usual where he had said I am in peace with all But a very close friend of Lala Hardayal and the founder member of Bharat Mata Society established in 1907 Lala Hanumant Sahai did not accept the death as natural he suspected it as poisoning 8 In 1987 the India Department of Posts issued a commemorative stamp in his honor within the series of India s Struggle for Freedom 9 10 Selected works EditSome of his books with available references are listed below 11 Our Educational Problem Collection of Lalaji s articles It was published in Punjabi from Lahore as a 1922 book with introduction by Lala Lajpat Rai Thoughts on Education Lalaji wrote many articles in Punjabi published from Lahore and Modern Review published from Calcutta most of them were against the Education Policy of British Government in India Mr Hem Chand Kaushik gave to the author this book which he published in July 1969 Social Conquest of Hindu Race A booklet containing 21 pages proscribed by British Raj and kept in National Archives of India under Acc No 74 Ref Patriotic s Banned by the Raj Writings of Lala Har Dayal This book was published in 1920 by Swaraj Publishing House Varanasi as mentioned in the book by Vishwa Nath Prasad Verma Adhunik Bhartiya Rajneetik Chintan on page 389 Dayal Har 1920 Forty four months in Germany and Turkey February 1915 to October 1918 a record of personal impressions London King This book was published in 1920 by P S King and Sons in London when Lalaji was living in Sweden Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthy quoted many references from this book in his Kranti Ka Udghosh Lala Har Dayal Ji Ke Swadhin Vichar This book was translated into Hindi by Sri Narayan Prasad Arora and was published in Raghunandan Press Kanpur by Pt Ganga Narayan Shukla in 1922 It can be seen in Seth Soorajmull Jalan Library Calcutta Amrit me Vish This was the Hindi Translation of above book Thoughts on Education It was published by Lajpat Rai Prithviraj Sahni from Lohari Gate Lahore in the year 1922 In the National Library Calcutta under catalogue no 181 Rc 92 33 Hints for Self Culture This famous book of Lala Har Dayal was published by Hy S L Polak and Co London U K in 1934 Jaico Publishing House published it in 1977 from Bombay by obtaining copyright from its original publisher in 1961 Its Hindi Translation has also been published from Kitab Ghar Delhi India in 1997 under the title Vyaktitva Vikas Sangharsh aur Safalata Glimpses of World Religions It was the presentation of several religions by Lala Har Dayal from so many angles of history ethics theology and religious philosophy It reflects the individuality of every religion in a rational way of thinking This book was also published by Jaico Publishing House India from Bombay Bodhisattva Doctrines Lala Lajpat Rai who was a mentor of Har Dayal had suggested him to write an authentic book based on the principles of Gautam Buddha In 1927 when Har Dayal was not given permission by the British Government to return to India he decided to remain in London He wrote this book and presented it to the university as a thesis The book was approved for Ph D and a Doctorate was awarded to him in 1932 It was published from London in the year 1932 Motilal Banarsidass Publishers of India re published this book in 1970 as The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature Edit This 392 page work of Lala Hardayal consists of 7 chapters which deal with the Bodhisattva doctrine as expounded in the principal Buddhist Sanskrit Literature In Chapter I the nature of the Bodhisattva doctrine is described with particular emphasis upon the distinct characteristics of arhat Bodhisattva and Sravaka Chapter II recounts the different factors which contributed to the rise and growth of the Bodhisattva doctrine including the influences of Persian religio cult Greek art and Christian ethics In Chapter III the production of the thought of Enlightenment for the welfare and liberation of all creatures is expounded Chapters IV describes thirty seven practices and principles conducive to the attainment of Enlightenment In Chapter V ten perfections that lead to welfare rebirth serenity spiritual cultivation and supreme knowledge are explained Chapter VI defines different stages of spiritual progress in the aspirant s long journey to the goal of final emancipation The last Chapter VII relates the events of the Gautama Buddha s past lives as Bodhisattva This book contains comprehensive notes and references besides a general index appended at the end This book has been written in a particularly lucid style which exhibits scholarly acumen and the mastery of Lala Hardayal in literary art It proved influential with Edward Conze a German Marxist refugee from Nazi Germany who made Har Dayal s acquaintance in London in the 1930s 12 Appreciations EditAccording to Swami Rama Tirtha Lala Har Dayal was the greatest Hindu who ever came to America a great sage and saint whose life mirrored the highest spirituality as his soul reflected the love of the Universal Spirit whom he tried to realize 13 In another appreciation Prof Dharmavira has sketched the picture of Lala Har Dayal which is being quoted here in verbatim Har Dayal dedicated his whole life to the sacred cause of the motherland Surely from such a person alone could one ask Good Master what shall I do to inherit eternal life Let us drink deep at this spring and wax glad and strong and brave in every nerve and fibre of our being He was one of the race of those who wrote the New Era in blood His course was laborious truthful simple independent noble and all these in an eminent degree His experience of the inward and the outward battle was not inconsiderable and it was not confined to his early manhood but was spread over his whole life Lala Har Dayal had the Janak and Dadhichi touch and his life demonstrated that he had what it takes Prof Dharmavira 14 9 July 1969 References Edit Brown Emily C 1975 Har Dayal Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist Tucson University of Arizona Press ISBN 0 8165 0422 9 Sareen Tilakraj 1994 Select Documents on the Ghadr Party Mounto Publishing House p 20 Hardayal was a Delhi man a high caste Hindu of the Mathur Kayastha Community Making of Britain Open University Retrieved 24 October 2013 Avrich Paul 1988 Anarchist Portraits Princeton Princeton University Press p 30 ISBN 0 691 00609 1 Farquhar J N 1913 The Crown Of Hinduism pp 36 37 ISBN 978 1375792240 Metaphysics has been the curse of India It has blighted her history and compassed her ruin It has blinded her seers and led them to mistake phantoms for realities Young men of India look not for wisdom in the musty parchments of your metaphysical treatises There is nothing but an endless round of verbal jugglery there Read Rousseau and Voltaire Plato and Aristotle Haeckel and Spencer Marx and Tolstoi Ruskin and Comte and other European thinkers if you wish to understand life and its problems India has hundreds of really sincere and aspiring young men and women who are free from all taint of greed and worldliness but they are altogether useless for any purpose that one may appreciate They have established monasteries in remote nooks in the mountains in order to realize the Brahman The Inanity of Brahman and the Vedantic Worldview Nirmukta 16 February 2012 Retrieved 26 July 2020 We keep moving in the old rut we edit and re edit the old books instead of translating the classics of European social thought Indian pundits and graduates seem to suffer from a kind of mania for what is effete and antiquated Thus an institution established by progressive men aims at leading our youths through Sanskrit grammar to the Vedas via the Six Darshanas What a false move in the quest for wisdom Liebau Heike 2019 Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen Das Berliner Indische Unabhangigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswartigen Amts 1914 1920 MIDA Archival Reflexicon 3 4 Dr Krant M L Verma 2006 Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas Vol 2 New Delhi Praveen Prakashan p 452 ISBN 81 7783 120 8 Jain Manik 2018 Phila India Guide Book Philatelia p 114 LALA HARDAYAL www indianpost com Retrieved 2 March 2022 Dr Krant M L Verma 2006 Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas Vol 2 New Delhi India Praveen Prakashan pp 453 458 ISBN 81 7783 120 8 De Jong J W 1980 Edward Conze 1904 1979 Indo Iranian Journal 22 2 143 146 doi 10 1163 000000080790080729 ISSN 0019 7246 JSTOR 24653324 Retrieved 5 December 2020 Pandit Vardachari 1969 Thoughts On Educationby L Har Dayal New Delhi 110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal p 70 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Pandit Vardachari 1969 Thoughts On Educationby L Har Dayal New Delhi 110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal p 76 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Further reading EditGhadar Movement Ideology Organisation and Strategy by Harish K Puri Guru Nanak Dev University Press 1983 Har Dayal Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist by Emily C Brown The University of Arizona Press 1975 Har Dayal Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist review by Mark Juergensmeyer The Journal of Asian Studies 1976 The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature by Har Dayal 1932 Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 1970 Pandit Vardachari Thoughts On Education by L Har Dayal 1969 New Delhi 110024 India Vivek Swadhyay Mandal Lala Har Dayal Indian revolutionary Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2 March 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lala Har Dayal Our Educational Problem collection of Lala Har Dayal s articles published in Punjabi published from Lahore Sunit Singh Dayal Har in 1914 1918 online International Encyclopedia of the First World War Har Dayal materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive SAADA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Har Dayal amp oldid 1087221934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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