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Happōshu

Happoshu (発泡酒 happōshu lit. "sparkling alcoholic beverage"), or low-malt beer, is a tax category of Japanese liquor that most often refers to a beer-like beverage with less than 67% malt content. The alcoholic beverage is popular among consumers for having a lower tax than beverages that the nation's law classifies as "beer." Although the happoshu label is most frequently found on low-malt beer or beer-like products, alcopops that contain malt are also categorized as happoshu.

Various happoshu in a shop.

Japan's alcohol tax system divides beer-like malt beverages into four categories based on malt content: 67% or higher, 50 to 67%, 25 to 50%, and less than 25%. An alcoholic beverage based on malt is classified as beer if the weight of malt extract exceeds 67% of the fermentable ingredients. Since Suntory's introduction in 1994 of Hop's Draft, containing 65% malt, a market has emerged for low-malt, and recently, non-malt beer substitutes.

With alcohol tax revenues decreasing as a result of happoshu's popularity, the Japanese government eventually raised the nation's tax on low malt beers. In 1996, the tax for products containing 50 to 67% malt was raised to that of beer. Brewers followed suit by lowering the malt content of their products. Today, most happoshu contains less than 25% malt, putting it in the lowest tax category of low-malt beer. In recent years, Japanese brewers have released dozens of brands in an attempt to increase their market share. Many of these are marketed as more healthy products, with reduced carbohydrates and purines. Another trend is to use unmalted barley, such as in Sapporo's Mugi 100% Nama-shibori.

Beer-flavored beverages collectively dubbed "the third beer"(第三のビール, dai-san no bīru) by the mass media have been developed to compete with happoshu. These alcoholic products fall under categories not yet as highly taxed. The third beer beverages either use malt alternatives, or they are a mix of happoshu and another type of alcohol. When comparing 350 ml cans, the third beer brands can be 10 to 25 yen cheaper than happoshu.

In July 2012, Suntory, which had been the first company to sell happoshu, announced that it will stop selling it by Autumn 2012.[1][needs update]

Due to the nature of allowable ingredients in beverages that can legally be sold as "beer" in Japan (malted barley/wheat, hops, and adjuncts rice, corn, sorghum, potato, sugar/caramel, and starch), many imported Belgian beers and North American craft beers are also designated as "happōshu", despite meeting the 67% malt requirement. This is somewhat similar to traditional German beer regulations' exclusion of foreign brews from the local definition of "beer". (See: Reinheitsgebot)

Brands

  • Happoshu from 25% to 50% malt content:
  • Happoshu with less than 25% malt content:
    • Hokkaido Nama-shibori Migaki-mugi (Sapporo)
    • Hon-nama (Asahi), available in Red and Aqua Blue label (low-carb) versions
    • Diet-nama Clear Taste (Suntory)
    • Magnum Dry Golden Dry (Suntory)
    • Cool Draft (Asahi)
    • Tanrei-nama (Kirin), also available in Green Label (low-carb), and Tanrei W (reduced purines)
    • Enjuku (Kirin)
    • Style Free (Asahi)
    • Dosan Sozai (Sapporo)
    • Zero (Kirin)
  • Alcohol classified as "Other miscellaneous (2)", containing no malt:
    • Draft One (Sapporo) - uses pea protein
    • Nodogoshi-nama (Kirin) - uses soy protein
    • Slims (Sapporo) - uses pea protein
    • Jokki-Nama (Suntory) - uses corn, also available in regular and strong versions
  • Alcohol classified as "Liqueur":
    • Super Blue (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits
    • Strong Seven (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Hop No Shinjitsu (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Koku No Jikan (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Goku-uma (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Ajiwai (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Clear Asahi (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Asahi Off (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Mugi Shibori (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Mugi To Hop (Sapporo) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Off No Zeitaku (Sapporo) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
    • Kinmugi [Rich Malt] (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits
    • The Straight (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits

* "Dry beer" refers to beers with less residual sugars and a dry taste. "Nama beer" generally refers to unpasteurized draught beer usually served from a pressurized keg. However, in the above brands, it is merely a marketing term; compare to Miller Genuine Draft.

See also

References

  1. ^ The Daily Yomiuri Suntory to stop selling happoshu Retrieved on July 24, 2012
  • "Happoshu", Section 18, Article 3, Chapter 1, Alcohol Taxiation Act (酒税法, "Syuzei Hou"), Japan
  • "Tariff", Article 23, Chapter 3, Alcohol Taxiation Act, Japan

happōshu, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september, 2014, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Happōshu news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Happoshu 発泡酒 happōshu lit sparkling alcoholic beverage or low malt beer is a tax category of Japanese liquor that most often refers to a beer like beverage with less than 67 malt content The alcoholic beverage is popular among consumers for having a lower tax than beverages that the nation s law classifies as beer Although the happoshu label is most frequently found on low malt beer or beer like products alcopops that contain malt are also categorized as happoshu Various happoshu in a shop Japan s alcohol tax system divides beer like malt beverages into four categories based on malt content 67 or higher 50 to 67 25 to 50 and less than 25 An alcoholic beverage based on malt is classified as beer if the weight of malt extract exceeds 67 of the fermentable ingredients Since Suntory s introduction in 1994 of Hop s Draft containing 65 malt a market has emerged for low malt and recently non malt beer substitutes With alcohol tax revenues decreasing as a result of happoshu s popularity the Japanese government eventually raised the nation s tax on low malt beers In 1996 the tax for products containing 50 to 67 malt was raised to that of beer Brewers followed suit by lowering the malt content of their products Today most happoshu contains less than 25 malt putting it in the lowest tax category of low malt beer In recent years Japanese brewers have released dozens of brands in an attempt to increase their market share Many of these are marketed as more healthy products with reduced carbohydrates and purines Another trend is to use unmalted barley such as in Sapporo s Mugi 100 Nama shibori Beer flavored beverages collectively dubbed the third beer 第三のビール dai san no biru by the mass media have been developed to compete with happoshu These alcoholic products fall under categories not yet as highly taxed The third beer beverages either use malt alternatives or they are a mix of happoshu and another type of alcohol When comparing 350 ml cans the third beer brands can be 10 to 25 yen cheaper than happoshu In July 2012 Suntory which had been the first company to sell happoshu announced that it will stop selling it by Autumn 2012 1 needs update Due to the nature of allowable ingredients in beverages that can legally be sold as beer in Japan malted barley wheat hops and adjuncts rice corn sorghum potato sugar caramel and starch many imported Belgian beers and North American craft beers are also designated as happōshu despite meeting the 67 malt requirement This is somewhat similar to traditional German beer regulations exclusion of foreign brews from the local definition of beer See Reinheitsgebot Brands EditHapposhu from 25 to 50 malt content Happoshu with less than 25 malt content Hokkaido Nama shibori Migaki mugi Sapporo Hon nama Asahi available in Red and Aqua Blue label low carb versions Diet nama Clear Taste Suntory Magnum Dry Golden Dry Suntory Cool Draft Asahi Tanrei nama Kirin also available in Green Label low carb and Tanrei W reduced purines Enjuku Kirin Style Free Asahi Dosan Sozai Sapporo Zero Kirin Alcohol classified as Other miscellaneous 2 containing no malt Draft One Sapporo uses pea protein Nodogoshi nama Kirin uses soy protein Slims Sapporo uses pea protein Jokki Nama Suntory uses corn also available in regular and strong versions Alcohol classified as Liqueur Super Blue Suntory happoshu mixed with wheat spirits Strong Seven Kirin happoshu mixed with barley spirits Hop No Shinjitsu Kirin happoshu mixed with barley spirits Koku No Jikan Kirin happoshu mixed with barley spirits Goku uma Asahi happoshu mixed with barley spirits Ajiwai Asahi happoshu mixed with barley spirits Clear Asahi Asahi happoshu mixed with barley spirits Asahi Off Asahi happoshu mixed with barley spirits Mugi Shibori Asahi happoshu mixed with barley spirits Mugi To Hop Sapporo happoshu mixed with barley spirits Off No Zeitaku Sapporo happoshu mixed with barley spirits Kinmugi Rich Malt Suntory happoshu mixed with wheat spirits The Straight Suntory happoshu mixed with wheat spirits Dry beer refers to beers with less residual sugars and a dry taste Nama beer generally refers to unpasteurized draught beer usually served from a pressurized keg However in the above brands it is merely a marketing term compare to Miller Genuine Draft See also EditBeer in JapanReferences Edit The Daily Yomiuri Suntory to stop selling happoshu Retrieved on July 24 2012 Happoshu Section 18 Article 3 Chapter 1 Alcohol Taxiation Act 酒税法 Syuzei Hou Japan Tariff Article 23 Chapter 3 Alcohol Taxiation Act Japan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Happōshu amp oldid 1062147553, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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