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Draught beer

February 16, 2024

Draught beer, also spelt draft, is beer served from a cask or keg rather than from a bottle or can.[1][2][3] Draught beer served from a pressurised keg is also known as keg beer.[4][5][6]

Draught beer fonts at the Delirium Café in Brussels

Name edit

Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer. The Old English dragan ("carry; pull") developed into a series of related words including drag, draw, and draught. By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the term draught to refer to the acts of serving or drinking beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps. In time, the word came to be restricted to only such beer. The usual spelling is now "draught" in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand and more commonly "draft" in North America, although it can be spelt either way. Regardless of spelling, the word is pronounced /drɑːft/ or /dræft/[7] depending on the region the speaker is from.[8]

Canned draught is beer served from a pressurised container featuring a widget.[9] Smooth flow (also known as cream flow, nitrokeg, or smooth) is the name brewers give to draught beers pressurised with a partial nitrogen gas blend.

History edit

In 1691, an article in the London Gazette mentioned John Lofting, who held a patent for a fire engine: "The said patentee has also projected a very useful engine for starting of beer, and other liquors which will draw from 20 to 30 barrels an hour, which are completely fixed with brass joints and screws at reasonable rates".

In the early 20th century, draught beer started to be served from pressurised containers. Artificial carbonation was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1936, with Watney's experimental pasteurised beer Red Barrel. Though this method of serving beer did not take hold in the UK until the late 1950s, it did become the favored method in the rest of Europe, where it is known by such terms as en pression. The carbonation method of serving beer subsequently spread to the rest of the world; by the early 1970s the term "draught beer" almost exclusively referred to beer served under pressure as opposed to the traditional cask or barrel beer.

In Britain, the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) was founded in 1971 to protect traditional—unpressurised—beer and brewing methods. The group devised the term real ale to differentiate between beer served from the cask and beer served under pressure. The term real ale has since been expanded to include bottle-conditioned beer.

Keg beer edit

 
A typical 50-litre (11 imp gal) keg with single opening in the centre of the top end

Keg beer is often filtered and/or pasteurised, both of which are processes that render the yeast inactive.[10][11]

In brewing parlance, a keg is different from a cask. A cask has a tap hole near the edge of the top, and a spile hole on the side used for conditioning the unfiltered and unpasteurised beer. A keg has a single opening in the centre of the top to which a flow pipe is attached. Kegs are artificially pressurised after fermentation with carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas or especially in Czech Republic solely compressed air.

Keg has become a term of contempt used by some, particularly in the UK, since the 1960s when pasteurised draught beers started replacing traditional cask beers.

Keg beer was replacing traditional cask ale in all parts of the UK, primarily because it requires less care to handle. Since 1971, CAMRA has conducted a consumer campaign on behalf of those who prefer traditional cask beer. CAMRA has lobbied the British Parliament to ensure support for cask ale and microbreweries have sprung up to serve those consumers who prefer traditional cask beer.

Pressurised CO2 in the keg's headspace maintains carbonation in the beer. The CO2 pressure varies depending on the amount of CO2 already in the beer and the keg storage temperature. Occasionally the CO2 gas is blended with nitrogen gas. CO2 / nitrogen blends are used to allow a higher operating pressure in complex dispensing systems.

Nitrogen is used under high pressure when dispensing dry stouts (such as Guinness) and other creamy beers because it displaces CO2 to (artificially) form a rich tight head and a less carbonated taste. This makes the beer feel smooth on the palate and gives a foamy appearance. Premixed bottled gas for creamy beers is usually 75% nitrogen and 25% CO2.[12] This premixed gas, which only works well with creamy beers, is often referred to as Guinness Gas, Beer Gas, or Aligal (an Air Liquide brand name). Using "Beer Gas" with other beer styles can cause the last 5% to 10% of the beer in each keg to taste very flat and lifeless. In the UK, the term keg beer would imply the beer is pasteurised, in contrast to unpasteurised cask ale. Some of the newer microbreweries may offer a nitro keg stout which is filtered but not pasteurised.

Storage and serving temperature edit

Cask beer should be stored and served at a cellar temperature of 12 °C (54 °F). Once a cask is opened, it should be consumed within three days. Keg beer is given additional cooling just prior to being served either by flash coolers or a remote cooler in the cellar. This chills the beer to temperatures between 3 and 8 °C (37 and 46 °F).

Canned and bottled "draught" edit

The words "draft" and "draught" have been used as marketing terms to describe canned or bottled beers, implying that they taste and appear like beers from a cask or keg. Commercial brewers use this as a marketing tool although it is incorrect to call any beer not drawn from a cask or keg "draught". Two examples are Miller Genuine Draft, a pale lager which is produced using a cold filtering system, and Guinness stout in patented "Draught-flow" cans and bottles. Guinness is an example of beers that use a nitrogen widget to create a smooth beer with a dense head. Guinness has recently replaced the widget system from their bottled "draught" beer with a coating of cellulose fibres on the inside of the bottle. Statements indicate a new development in bottling technology that enables the mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide to be present in the beer without using a widget, making it according to Guinness "more drinkable" from the bottle.

In East Asian countries, such as China and Japan, the term "draft beer" (Chinese: 生啤酒; Japanese: 生ビール) applied to canned or bottled beer indicates that the beer is not pasteurised (though it may be filtered), giving it a fresher taste but shorter shelf-life than conventional packaged beers.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Wes (21 March 2017). "Draft Beer vs. Draught Beer: What's the Difference?". RSI DFW. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  2. ^ S, Karl (12 March 2022). "Draft Beer Explained: The Homebrewer's Guide [Brewing Insights]". Homebrew Academy. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Draft vs. Draught | Clearing The Air". NoCoast Beer Co. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  4. ^ BaWG (17 December 2018). "What is Draught or Draft Beer? Everything You Need to Know". Beer & Wine Guide. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  5. ^ Infante, Dave (17 August 2023). "Draft Dodgers Are Killing Keg Beer". VinePair. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Draught Beer Archives". Brewers Association. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Draft | Define Draft at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Draft Beer: Let It Pour". www.sportsbusinessjournal.com. 4 December 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  9. ^ Kerry, Joseph; Butler, Paul (2008). Smart Packaging Technologies for Fast Moving Consumer Goods. John Wiley and Sons. p. 213. ISBN 9780470753682. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  10. ^ "What is The Beer Pasteurization Process?". micromatic.com. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  11. ^ universitydrafthouseadmin (27 March 2023). "The Benefits of Draft Beer". University Draft House. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  12. ^ Burns, David (6 July 2013). . Lake Bluff Brewing Company. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.

External links edit

  • : Much information regarding draught beer storage and equipment.
  • Irish Specification: PDF version of The Irish Draught Beer Specification
  • Serving a draught beer - Information about how to use properly a draught beer dispensing device

February 16, 2024
draught, beer, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Draught beer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Draught beer also spelt draft is beer served from a cask or keg rather than from a bottle or can 1 2 3 Draught beer served from a pressurised keg is also known as keg beer 4 5 6 Draught beer fonts at the Delirium Cafe in Brussels Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Keg beer 4 Storage and serving temperature 5 Canned and bottled draught 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksName editUntil Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785 beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer The Old English dragan carry pull developed into a series of related words including drag draw and draught By the time Bramah s beer pumps became popular the use of the term draught to refer to the acts of serving or drinking beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps In time the word came to be restricted to only such beer The usual spelling is now draught in the United Kingdom Ireland Australia and New Zealand and more commonly draft in North America although it can be spelt either way Regardless of spelling the word is pronounced d r ɑː f t or d r ae f t 7 depending on the region the speaker is from 8 Canned draught is beer served from a pressurised container featuring a widget 9 Smooth flow also known as cream flow nitrokeg or smooth is the name brewers give to draught beers pressurised with a partial nitrogen gas blend History editIn 1691 an article in the London Gazette mentioned John Lofting who held a patent for a fire engine The said patentee has also projected a very useful engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will draw from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with brass joints and screws at reasonable rates In the early 20th century draught beer started to be served from pressurised containers Artificial carbonation was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1936 with Watney s experimental pasteurised beer Red Barrel Though this method of serving beer did not take hold in the UK until the late 1950s it did become the favored method in the rest of Europe where it is known by such terms as en pression The carbonation method of serving beer subsequently spread to the rest of the world by the early 1970s the term draught beer almost exclusively referred to beer served under pressure as opposed to the traditional cask or barrel beer In Britain the Campaign for Real Ale CAMRA was founded in 1971 to protect traditional unpressurised beer and brewing methods The group devised the term real ale to differentiate between beer served from the cask and beer served under pressure The term real ale has since been expanded to include bottle conditioned beer Keg beer edit nbsp A typical 50 litre 11 imp gal keg with single opening in the centre of the top endKeg beer is often filtered and or pasteurised both of which are processes that render the yeast inactive 10 11 In brewing parlance a keg is different from a cask A cask has a tap hole near the edge of the top and a spile hole on the side used for conditioning the unfiltered and unpasteurised beer A keg has a single opening in the centre of the top to which a flow pipe is attached Kegs are artificially pressurised after fermentation with carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas or especially in Czech Republic solely compressed air Keg has become a term of contempt used by some particularly in the UK since the 1960s when pasteurised draught beers started replacing traditional cask beers Keg beer was replacing traditional cask ale in all parts of the UK primarily because it requires less care to handle Since 1971 CAMRA has conducted a consumer campaign on behalf of those who prefer traditional cask beer CAMRA has lobbied the British Parliament to ensure support for cask ale and microbreweries have sprung up to serve those consumers who prefer traditional cask beer Pressurised CO2 in the keg s headspace maintains carbonation in the beer The CO2 pressure varies depending on the amount of CO2 already in the beer and the keg storage temperature Occasionally the CO2 gas is blended with nitrogen gas CO2 nitrogen blends are used to allow a higher operating pressure in complex dispensing systems Nitrogen is used under high pressure when dispensing dry stouts such as Guinness and other creamy beers because it displaces CO2 to artificially form a rich tight head and a less carbonated taste This makes the beer feel smooth on the palate and gives a foamy appearance Premixed bottled gas for creamy beers is usually 75 nitrogen and 25 CO2 12 This premixed gas which only works well with creamy beers is often referred to as Guinness Gas Beer Gas or Aligal an Air Liquide brand name Using Beer Gas with other beer styles can cause the last 5 to 10 of the beer in each keg to taste very flat and lifeless In the UK the term keg beer would imply the beer is pasteurised in contrast to unpasteurised cask ale Some of the newer microbreweries may offer a nitro keg stout which is filtered but not pasteurised Storage and serving temperature editCask beer should be stored and served at a cellar temperature of 12 C 54 F Once a cask is opened it should be consumed within three days Keg beer is given additional cooling just prior to being served either by flash coolers or a remote cooler in the cellar This chills the beer to temperatures between 3 and 8 C 37 and 46 F Canned and bottled draught editThe words draft and draught have been used as marketing terms to describe canned or bottled beers implying that they taste and appear like beers from a cask or keg Commercial brewers use this as a marketing tool although it is incorrect to call any beer not drawn from a cask or keg draught Two examples are Miller Genuine Draft a pale lager which is produced using a cold filtering system and Guinness stout in patented Draught flow cans and bottles Guinness is an example of beers that use a nitrogen widget to create a smooth beer with a dense head Guinness has recently replaced the widget system from their bottled draught beer with a coating of cellulose fibres on the inside of the bottle Statements indicate a new development in bottling technology that enables the mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide to be present in the beer without using a widget making it according to Guinness more drinkable from the bottle In East Asian countries such as China and Japan the term draft beer Chinese 生啤酒 Japanese 生ビール applied to canned or bottled beer indicates that the beer is not pasteurised though it may be filtered giving it a fresher taste but shorter shelf life than conventional packaged beers See also edit nbsp Beer portalCask ale Beer tap Cask breather Growler jug References edit Wes 21 March 2017 Draft Beer vs Draught Beer What s the Difference RSI DFW Retrieved 15 January 2024 S Karl 12 March 2022 Draft Beer Explained The Homebrewer s Guide Brewing Insights Homebrew Academy Retrieved 15 January 2024 Draft vs Draught Clearing The Air NoCoast Beer Co Retrieved 15 January 2024 BaWG 17 December 2018 What is Draught or Draft Beer Everything You Need to Know Beer amp Wine Guide Retrieved 15 January 2024 Infante Dave 17 August 2023 Draft Dodgers Are Killing Keg Beer VinePair Retrieved 15 January 2024 Draught Beer Archives Brewers Association Retrieved 15 January 2024 Draft Define Draft at Dictionary com Dictionary com Retrieved 3 February 2013 Draft Beer Let It Pour www sportsbusinessjournal com 4 December 2023 Retrieved 15 January 2024 Kerry Joseph Butler Paul 2008 Smart Packaging Technologies for Fast Moving Consumer Goods John Wiley and Sons p 213 ISBN 9780470753682 Retrieved 29 February 2012 What is The Beer Pasteurization Process micromatic com Retrieved 30 April 2021 universitydrafthouseadmin 27 March 2023 The Benefits of Draft Beer University Draft House Retrieved 15 January 2024 Burns David 6 July 2013 Beer on Nitro Lake Bluff Brewing Company Archived from the original on 4 October 2013 External links editDraught Beer Information Much information regarding draught beer storage and equipment Irish Specification PDF version of The Irish Draught Beer Specification Serving a draught beer Information about how to use properly a draught beer dispensing devicePortals nbsp Drink nbsp Beer nbsp Wine nbsp Coffee Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Draught beer amp oldid 1195784206, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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