Haplogroup K2b1, known sometimes as haplogroup MS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs P397 and P399. It has a complex, diverse and not-yet fully understood internal structure; its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups Haplogroup M (P256) and Haplogroup S (M230).[3][2]
K2b1 is a direct descendant of K2b – known previously as Haplogroup MPS.
Its only primary branches are the major haplogroups S (B254), also known as K2b1a (and previously known as Haplogroup S1 or K2b1a4) and M (P256), also known as K2b1b (previously K2b1d).
Distribution
K2b1 is strongly associated with the indigenous peoples of Melanesia (especially the island of New Guinea) and Micronesia, and to a lesser extent Polynesia, where it is generally found only among 5–10% of males. It is found in 83% of males in Papua New Guinea, and up to 60% in the Aeta of the Philippines.[4] The vast majority of living males carrying K2b1 are members of downstream subclades within the major haplogroups M (also known as K2b1b) and S (K2b1a).
Studies of indigenous Australian Y-DNA published in 2014 and 2015, suggest that, before contact with Europeans, about 29% of Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander males belonged to downstream subclades of K2b1. That is, up to 27% indigenous Australian males carry haplogroup S1a1a1 (S-P308; previously known as K2b1a1 or K-P308),[4] and one study found that approximately 2.0% – i.e. 0.9% (11 individuals) of the sample in a study in which 45% of the total was deemed to be non-indigenous – belonged to haplogroup M1 (M-M4; also known as M-M186 and known previously as haplogroup K2b1d1). All of these males carrying M1 were Torres Strait Islanders.[5] (The other Y-DNA haplogroups found were: basal K2* [K-M526], C1b2b [M347; previously Haplogroup C4], and basal C* [M130].)
^van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau MH (Feb 2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–191. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.
^ abNagle, N. et al., 2015, "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes", American Journal of Physical Anthropology (epub ahead of print version; abstract).
^(i. e. individuals indigenous to Oceania are assumed to be K2b1)
May 09, 2023
haplogroup, k2b1, haplogroup, k2b1, known, sometimes, haplogroup, human, haplogroup, defined, snps, p397, p399, complex, diverse, fully, understood, internal, structure, downstream, descendants, include, major, haplogroups, haplogroup, p256, haplogroup, m230, . Haplogroup K2b1 known sometimes as haplogroup MS is a human Y DNA haplogroup defined by SNPs P397 and P399 It has a complex diverse and not yet fully understood internal structure its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups Haplogroup M P256 and Haplogroup S M230 3 2 Haplogroup K2b1Possible time of origin30 000 40 000Possible place of originSoutheast Asia Oceania AncestorK2b P331 DescendantsS K2b1a and M K2b1b Defining mutationsP397 P399 1 2 It is not clear at present whether the basal paragroup K2b1 is carried by any living males Individuals carrying subclades of K2b1 are found primarily among Papuan peoples Micronesian peoples indigenous Australians and Polynesians It is also carried by Negrito and Melanesian minorities in The Philippines as well as Indonesia Structure EditMain article Structure of Y DNA Haplogroup K K2b1 is a direct descendant of K2b known previously as Haplogroup MPS Its only primary branches are the major haplogroups S B254 also known as K2b1a and previously known as Haplogroup S1 or K2b1a4 and M P256 also known as K2b1b previously K2b1d Distribution EditK2b1 is strongly associated with the indigenous peoples of Melanesia especially the island of New Guinea and Micronesia and to a lesser extent Polynesia where it is generally found only among 5 10 of males It is found in 83 of males in Papua New Guinea and up to 60 in the Aeta of the Philippines 4 The vast majority of living males carrying K2b1 are members of downstream subclades within the major haplogroups M also known as K2b1b and S K2b1a Studies of indigenous Australian Y DNA published in 2014 and 2015 suggest that before contact with Europeans about 29 of Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander males belonged to downstream subclades of K2b1 That is up to 27 indigenous Australian males carry haplogroup S1a1a1 S P308 previously known as K2b1a1 or K P308 4 and one study found that approximately 2 0 i e 0 9 11 individuals of the sample in a study in which 45 of the total was deemed to be non indigenous belonged to haplogroup M1 M M4 also known as M M186 and known previously as haplogroup K2b1d1 All of these males carrying M1 were Torres Strait Islanders 5 The other Y DNA haplogroups found were basal K2 K M526 C1b2b M347 previously Haplogroup C4 and basal C M130 Population K2b1 including Haplogroups M amp S as a 6 Papua New Guinea 82 76 New Zealand 03 82 i e 1 95 of the 51 Maori males with indigenous Y DNA Fiji 60 75 Solomon Islands 71 9 French Polynesia 08 00 Vanuatu 76 5 Guam 33 3 small sample size Samoa 08 04 Kiribati 0 small sample size Tonga 20 69 Micronesia FDR 66 67 Marshall Islands 63 64 Palau 61 5 small sample sizeCook Islands 03 9 Wallis and Futuna 26 Tuvalu 36 Nauru 28 6 small sample size Niue 0 small sample size Tokelau 50 small sample size Hawaii 20 small sample size from FTDNA Aboriginal Australians 29 657 samples 56 assumed to be non indigenous 5 Timor 25 Aeta 60 Filipinos 04 00 samples includes a diverse number of minority Filipino ethno linguistic groups and ethnic minorities Malaysia 02 40 small sample size Flores 35 Samples includes diverse ethnicities Sulawesi 11 3 Samples includes diverse ethnicities Eastern Indonesia Wallacea 25 9 Samples includes diverse ethnicities Java 0 Bali 0 9 Sumatra 0 Borneo Indonesia 05 80 samples includes diverse ethnic minorities West Papua 52 6 Papua Province 82 6 Sumba 25 2 Chuukkese people Micronesia 76 5 Pohnpeian people Micronesia 70 small sample size References Edit PhyloTree y Minimal y tree a b Karafet TM Mendez FL Sudoyo H Lansing JS Hammer MF June 2014 Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y chromosome haplogroup K M526 in Southeast Asia Eur J Hum Genet 23 3 369 373 doi 10 1038 ejhg 2014 106 PMC 4326703 PMID 24896152 van Oven M Van Geystelen A Kayser M Decorte R Larmuseau MH Feb 2014 Seeing the wood for the trees a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome Human Mutation 35 2 187 191 doi 10 1002 humu 22468 PMID 24166809 S2CID 23291764 a b Karafet 2014 a b Nagle N et al 2015 Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y chromosomes American Journal of Physical Anthropology epub ahead of print version abstract i e individuals indigenous to Oceania are assumed to be K2b1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup K2b1 Y DNA amp oldid 1152352817, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
