Hamina
Hamina (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑminɑ]; Swedish: Fredrikshamn, Finland Swedish: [freːdriksˈhɑmn] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [freːdrɪksˈhamːn]) is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is located approximately 145 km (90 mi) east of the country's capital Helsinki, in the Kymenlaakso region, and formerly the province of Southern Finland. The municipality's population is 19,566 (as of 30 September 2023)[6] and covers an area of 1,155.14 square kilometres (446.00 sq mi), of which 545.66 km2 (210.68 sq mi) is water.[1] The population density is 32.08 inhabitants per square kilometre (83.1/sq mi). The population of the central town is approximately 10,000. The municipal language of Hamina is Finnish.
Hamina Fredrikshamn | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Haminan kaupunki Fredrikshamns stad | |
Clockwise from top-left: St. Mary's Church, the Reserve Officer School, the countryside of Husula neighbourhood, a view from the Sailor Pavilion towards Tervasaari and the historical Town Hall. | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
Location of Hamina in Finland | |
| Coordinates: 60°34′N 027°12′E / 60.567°N 27.200°E | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | Kymenlaakso |
| Sub-region | Kotka-Hamina |
| Charter | 1653 |
| Named for | Frederick I of Sweden |
| Government | |
| • Town manager | Ilari Soosalu |
| Area (2018-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,155.14 km2 (446.00 sq mi) |
| • Land | 609.89 km2 (235.48 sq mi) |
| • Water | 545.66 km2 (210.68 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 138th largest in Finland |
| Population (2023-09-30)[2] | |
| • Total | 19,566 |
| • Rank | 58th largest in Finland |
| • Density | 32.08/km2 (83.1/sq mi) |
| Population by native language | |
| • Finnish | 92.7% (official) |
| • Swedish | 0.3% |
| • Others | 7% |
| Population by age | |
| • 0 to 14 | 12.8% |
| • 15 to 64 | 57.2% |
| • 65 or older | 30% |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | www.hamina.fi |
Highway 7 (E18) is the town's road connection to Helsinki, after it was upgraded to a continuous motorway in September 2014. Hamina is also the base of one of the most important harbors of Finland, the Port of Hamina-Kotka. The port specializes in forest products and the transit of cargo to Russia. One of Google's five European data centers is situated in Hamina.[7]
History edit
Vehkalahti was as a municipality first mentioned in 1336. At the proposal of Count Peter Brahe, the area surrounding the Vehkalahti church (today St. Mary's Church) received its charter in 1653 through the establishment of Vehkalahden Uusikaupunki (Veckelax Nystad in Swedish, "The New Town of Vehkalahti"). The town was later destroyed during the Great Northern War in 1712.[8]
As the commercially vibrant city of Vyborg was lost to Russia in 1721, Fredrikshamn (named in 1723 in the honor of King Frederick I of Sweden) was dedicated to replace it.[9] The town, hitherto a small domestic port with restricted trading privilege's, was granted extensive rights to conduct foreign trade. The Finnish speaking population soon abbreviated the name of the town to Hamina. The reconstruction of the town was completed between 1722 and 1724. The star-shaped fortress and the circular town plan, designed by Axel Löwen, were based on Central European and Italian Renaissance concepts from the 16th century.[8] Fortress towns with a circular street plan like this are quite rare; one example is Palmanova in Italy.[10]
In 1743, Hamina was surrendered to Russia, after the Russo–Swedish War, 1741–1743, and the town of Loviisa was the next Swedish candidate for an Eastern-Finnish trade center. Hamina became a Russian frontier town, for which a fortress was desirable.
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (1809), by which Sweden ceded Finland, including parts of the province of Lappland and Åland, was signed in Hamina. Thus Sweden was split, and the eastern half was formed into the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. In 1812, the previously conquered territories known as Old Finland (including Hamina) were joined to the Grand Duchy.
Hamina Cadet School was founded in 1819 and was in operation until 1903. In 1920 the Reserve Officer School began in the same facilities.
Because the town was founded next to the Vehkalahti Church, the municipal center had always been inside the town borders. Vehkalahti and Hamina were consolidated in 2003, and the old coat of arms was replaced with Vehkalahti's coat of arms. The old coat of arms was readopted in January 2013.[11]
Results of the 2021 Finnish municipal elections, resulted in The Finns Party being the largest group on Hamina council, in Hamina.[12]
Main sights edit
- Town Hall: Originally built in 1798, it was renovated by Carl Ludvig Engel in 1840.
- Reserve Officer School: The site which trains reserve officers in the Army Academy of the Finnish Army
- Town Museum: It is located in a building where King Gustav III of Sweden and Empress Catherine II of Russia met in 1783.[13]
- Shopkeeper's Museum
- Google Data Center: (former Stora Enso pulp factory)
- Hamina Fortress: Built in the 18th century, it is one of the star forts in Finland. The corners of the fortress form six bastions, named after towns in Finland. The Central Bastion was added at the end of the 18th century, and is currently used for cultural events.
Churches edit
- St. Mary's Church, previously known as Vehkalahti Church, is the oldest building in Kymenlaakso. It was originally built in the Middle Ages, but it was burnt in 1821 and the current neoclassical exterior is designed by Carl Ludvig Engel and completed in 1828. The church has a museum dedicated to the church life from the 18th century onwards.[14][15]
- St. John's Church, formerly known as Hamina Church, was built between 1841-1843. It was designed by Carl Ludvig Engel in the neoclassical style.[16]
- Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, the Orthodox church in Hamina, was built in 1837. It was designed by Italian-French architect Louis Visconti. The architecture of the church is combination of neoclassical and Byzantine elements.[17]
- The orthodox church of Peter and Paul
- Aerial view of the town
- Central bastion of the fortress
- The town museum
Twin towns edit
Notable people edit
- Magnus Enckell (1870–1925), symbolist painter
- Simo Häyhä (1905–2002), a farmer and military sniper
- Pelle Miljoona (born 1955), a musician
- Hugo Simberg (1873–1917), a painter
- Emilie Mechelin (1838–1917), opera singer and pedagogue
- Leo Mechelin (1839–1914), a professor, statesman, senator and liberal reformer
- Keke Rosberg (born 1949), racing driver
- Meri Toppelius (1863–1896), educational theorist
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Preliminary population statistics 2023, September". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ "Demographic Structure by area as of 31 December 2022". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ . Population Information System (in Finnish and Swedish). Population Register Center of Finland. Archived from the original on 2010-12-02. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ Hamina Data Center - Google Data centers
- ^ a b Hamina
- ^ Lindberg, Johan (May 26, 2016). "Finlands historia: 1700-talet". Uppslagsverket Finland (in Swedish). Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- ^ Kopomaa, Timo (2005). "Kriisioloihin varautunut kaupunki" (PDF). Yhdyskuntasuunnittelu (in Finnish). Helsinki: Yhdyskuntasuunnittelun seura ry (The Finnish Society of Housing and Planning). 43 (2): 6–26. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
- ^ Haminan vaakuna vaihtuu - Haminan kaupunki (in Finnish) Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today
- ^ "Finns Party gains, NCP top as turnout dips in Finnish local elections". 13 June 2021.
- ^ Hamina
- ^ Hurmaava Hamina - The 15th century church of St Mary and church Museum Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
- ^ Churches in Finland
- ^ Hurmaava Hamina - Church Of St John Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
- ^ Hurmaava Hamina - The Orthodox Church Of St Peter and St Paul Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
- ^ Vordingborg Kommune har 17 venskabsbyer 2014-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hurmaava Hamina - Info 2011-11-29 at the Wayback Machine
External links edit
- Official website of Hamina in English 2013-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Hamina-Fredrikshamn at Northern Fortress