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Gustave de Molinari

January 01, 1970

Gustave de Molinari (French: [də mɔlinari]; 3 March 1819 – 28 January 1912) was a Belgian political economist and French Liberal School theorist associated with French laissez-faire economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille.

Gustave de Molinari
Gustave de Molinari, c. 1849 or 1860s
Born3 March 1819
Liège, Netherlands
Died28 January 1912(1912-01-28) (aged 92)
Adinkerke, Belgium
NationalityBelgian
Academic career
School or
tradition		French Liberal School
InfluencesFrédéric Bastiat · Hippolyte Castille
ContributionsPrivate defence agency

Biography edit

Born in Liège, Wallonia, Molinari's critique of the state sometimes resulted in his opposing causes and events which might seemingly be aligned with his overall critique of power and privilege. An example of this was the American Civil War which Molinari believed to be far more about the trade interests of Northern industrialists than about slavery, although he did not deny that abolitionism was a part of the picture.[1] According to Ralph Raico, Molinari never relented in his last work published a year before his death in 1912, writing:

The American Civil War had not been simply a humanitarian crusade to free the slaves. The war "ruined the conquered provinces," but the Northern plutocrats pulling the strings achieved their aim: the imposition of a vicious protectionism that led ultimately "to the regime of trusts and produced the billionaires."[1]

Molinari supported his liberal views by citing evolutionary concepts, claiming that the "economic state" (an international commercial system) would have a complete laissez-faire. He argued this was the ultimate stage of social evolution, caused by a struggle for existence between competing commercial actors. War has been the driver of early social systems, he felt, which encouraged invention as a result. After industry developed, however, wars grew detrimental rather than beneficial, replaced with economic competition. Molinari felt this would be better, since it applied to all classes in society. As the less fit were eliminated by competition, the entire society would be raised over time. He argued competition like this would never end, but continue forever. Molinari opposed both monarchy and socialism as a result of being detrimental to this process. Acknowledging that great poverty had risen in tandem with wealth, he argued it would be eliminated through moral evolution occurring alongside the economic progress, which was necessary for it.[2]

Influence edit

Some anarcho-capitalists consider Molinari to be the first proponent of anarcho-capitalism.[1] In the preface to the 1977 English translation by Murray Rothbard called The Production of Security the "first presentation anywhere in human history of what is now called anarcho-capitalism", although admitting that "Molinari did not use the terminology, and probably would have balked at the name".[3] Austrian School economist Hans-Hermann Hoppe said that "the 1849 article 'The Production of Security' is probably the single most important contribution to the modern theory of anarcho-capitalism".[4] In the past, Molinari influenced some of the political thoughts of individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker and the Liberty circle.[5] The Molinari Institute directed by philosopher Roderick T. Long is named after him, whom it terms the "originator of the theory of Market Anarchism".[6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Raico, Ralph (29 March 2011) "Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great". Mises Institute.
  2. ^ Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, Mike Hawkins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 131-32
  3. ^ Molinari, Gustave; Ebeling, Richard M., ed. (1977). The Production of Security. "Preface". Translated by McCulloch, J. Huston. Occasional Papers Series (2). New York: The Center for Libertarian Studies.
  4. ^ Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (31 December 2001). "Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography".
  5. ^ Hart, David (1981). "Gustave De Molinari And The Anti-Statist Liberal Tradition" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Molinari Institute". Molinari Institute. "The Institute takes its name from Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912), originator of the theory of Market Anarchism".

Further reading edit

  • Hart, David (2008). "Molinari, Gustave de (1819–1912)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 336–337. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n206. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.

External links edit

 
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Gustave de Molinari

  Quotations related to Gustave de Molinari at Wikiquote
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January 01, 1970
gustave, molinari, french, mɔlinari, march, 1819, january, 1912, belgian, political, economist, french, liberal, school, theorist, associated, with, french, laissez, faire, economists, such, frédéric, bastiat, hippolyte, castille, 1849, 1860sborn3, march, 1819. Gustave de Molinari French de mɔlinari 3 March 1819 28 January 1912 was a Belgian political economist and French Liberal School theorist associated with French laissez faire economists such as Frederic Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille Gustave de MolinariGustave de Molinari c 1849 or 1860sBorn3 March 1819Liege NetherlandsDied28 January 1912 1912 01 28 aged 92 Adinkerke BelgiumNationalityBelgianAcademic careerSchool ortraditionFrench Liberal SchoolInfluencesFrederic Bastiat Hippolyte CastilleContributionsPrivate defence agency Contents 1 Biography 2 Influence 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBiography editBorn in Liege Wallonia Molinari s critique of the state sometimes resulted in his opposing causes and events which might seemingly be aligned with his overall critique of power and privilege An example of this was the American Civil War which Molinari believed to be far more about the trade interests of Northern industrialists than about slavery although he did not deny that abolitionism was a part of the picture 1 According to Ralph Raico Molinari never relented in his last work published a year before his death in 1912 writing The American Civil War had not been simply a humanitarian crusade to free the slaves The war ruined the conquered provinces but the Northern plutocrats pulling the strings achieved their aim the imposition of a vicious protectionism that led ultimately to the regime of trusts and produced the billionaires 1 Molinari supported his liberal views by citing evolutionary concepts claiming that the economic state an international commercial system would have a complete laissez faire He argued this was the ultimate stage of social evolution caused by a struggle for existence between competing commercial actors War has been the driver of early social systems he felt which encouraged invention as a result After industry developed however wars grew detrimental rather than beneficial replaced with economic competition Molinari felt this would be better since it applied to all classes in society As the less fit were eliminated by competition the entire society would be raised over time He argued competition like this would never end but continue forever Molinari opposed both monarchy and socialism as a result of being detrimental to this process Acknowledging that great poverty had risen in tandem with wealth he argued it would be eliminated through moral evolution occurring alongside the economic progress which was necessary for it 2 Influence editSome anarcho capitalists consider Molinari to be the first proponent of anarcho capitalism 1 In the preface to the 1977 English translation by Murray Rothbard called The Production of Security the first presentation anywhere in human history of what is now called anarcho capitalism although admitting that Molinari did not use the terminology and probably would have balked at the name 3 Austrian School economist Hans Hermann Hoppe said that the 1849 article The Production of Security is probably the single most important contribution to the modern theory of anarcho capitalism 4 In the past Molinari influenced some of the political thoughts of individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker and the Liberty circle 5 The Molinari Institute directed by philosopher Roderick T Long is named after him whom it terms the originator of the theory of Market Anarchism 6 References edit a b c Raico Ralph 29 March 2011 Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great Mises Institute Social Darwinism in European and American Thought Mike Hawkins Cambridge University Press 1997 pp 131 32 Molinari Gustave Ebeling Richard M ed 1977 The Production of Security Preface Translated by McCulloch J Huston Occasional Papers Series 2 New York The Center for Libertarian Studies Hoppe Hans Hermann 31 December 2001 Anarcho Capitalism An Annotated Bibliography Hart David 1981 Gustave De Molinari And The Anti Statist Liberal Tradition PDF Molinari Institute Molinari Institute The Institute takes its name from Gustave de Molinari 1819 1912 originator of the theory of Market Anarchism Further reading editHart David 2008 Molinari Gustave de 1819 1912 In Hamowy Ronald ed The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Thousand Oaks California Sage Cato Institute pp 336 337 doi 10 4135 9781412965811 n206 ISBN 978 1412965804 LCCN 2008009151 OCLC 750831024 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Gustave de Molinari Molinari Institute Works by or about Gustave de Molinari at Internet Archive nbsp Quotations related to Gustave de Molinari at Wikiquote nbsp Media related to Gustave de Molinari at Wikimedia Commons Portals nbsp Economics nbsp Liberalism nbsp Libertarianism nbsp Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gustave de Molinari amp oldid 1188887391, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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