Gu Xingqing

Gu Xingqing (Chinese: 顧杏卿; Wade–Giles: Ku Hsing-ch'ing) was a Chinese interpreter and writer who wrote the only book-length account of World War I by a Chinese national.

Gu Xingqing
Native name	顾杏卿
Born	1894 ? Zhabei, Shanghai, China
Died	July 6, 1986(1986-07-06) (aged 92)
Period	20th century (early Chinese Republic)
Genre	memoirs
Subject	World War I

In this Chinese name, the family name is Gu (Ku).

Biography

Gu was born in Zhabei (then part of Baoshan County), Shanghai. He was a student when the British began recruiting people for the Chinese Labour Corps in Europe in 1917-1918 (CLC). Gu signed up for as an interpreter. Like many other young graduates in China, he regarded service with the CLC as a one-off chance to travel and a springboard to further studies in the U.K. After the war Gu returned to China, and later studied at Northwestern University in the United States.^[1]

After returning to China, Gu worked at the Kailuan coal mine, Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province, and taught English. He later became a professor at the Central Politics Institute in Chongqing. After the founding the People's Republic of China in 1949, he worked as an English professor at Shanghai International Studies University and was a member of the Shanghai Research Institute of Culture and History. He was also a party member of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (Minge).^[1]

Memoirs

In 1937 the Commercial Press published Gu's memoirs Ouzhan Gongzuo Huiyilu (欧战工作回忆录, "Reminiscences on my work during the European War").^[2] Gu's book went through two reprints (1938). It is the only book-length account on the First World War by a Chinese national known to exist.

In his memoirs Gu tells the story of his journey from his hometown in China to Europe, his work in Belgium and France and his return home. Although published nearly two decades after the events, Gu's account proves to be highly accurate in terms of dates and events. Gu's main sources were the personal notes he had taken in Europe, which were lost during the Japanese bombing of Zhabei on 28 January 1932.

Published under the Japanese occupation of China, Gu wanted his book to encourage and admonish the Chinese people. The moral lesson of Gu’s book was that “labour” in war could equally contribute to final victory as did actual battle. Gu commended the example of the Chinese labourers to his fellow-countrymen, unable to resist the Japanese by military means alone.

Gu's book was translated into Dutch^[3] — the first translation of his book — and published as a companion volume^[4][5] to the 2010 exhibit on the Chinese labourers during the First World War at In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres (Belgium).

Notes and references

1. 顾杏卿 [Gu Xingqing] (in Chinese). Shanghai Research Institute of Culture and History. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
2. 欧战工作回忆录 [Ouzhan Gongzuo Huiyilu], 长沙 [Changsha]：Commercial Press, 1938 (3rd print). With forewords by Zhu Jingnong [朱经农] and Pan Gongzhan [潘公展]. Portions from this were first printed in the Chinese journal Youth Reading [读书青年] of 1936 as Notes on the War in France and Belgium [ 法比参战记].
3. Mijn Herinneringen als Tolk voor de Chinese Arbeiders in WO I 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine with an introduction by Philip Vanhaelemeersch and Dominiek Dendooven, in collaboration with Herman Sterckx and Gwynnie Hagen, Tielt, Lannoo, 2010, ISBN 978-90-209-9096-6
4. Dieter Dujardin, “Expo brengt vergeten Chinezen in beeld”, in: Het Laatste Nieuws (27 April 2010)
5. Cathérine Vuylsteke, “De Grote Oorlog door Chinese ogen. 'Sjouwers voor de oorlog' in het Ieperse Flanders Fields werpt licht op onbekend stukje oorlogsverleden", in: De Morgen, 26 April 2010.