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Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)

Glenwood Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 2219 Lincoln Road NE in Washington, D.C. It is a private, secular cemetery owned and operated by The Glenwood Cemetery, Inc. Many famous people are buried in Glenwood Cemetery, and the cemetery is noted for its numerous elaborate Victorian and Art Nouveau funerary monuments.[1] The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017; its mortuary chapel was separately listed in 1989.

Glenwood Cemetery
Entrance to Glenwood Cemetery
Details
Established1854
Location
CountryUnited States
Coordinates38°55′22″N 77°00′22″W / 38.9229°N 77.0060°W / 38.9229; -77.0060
Typeprivate, secular
Owned byThe Glenwood Cemetery, Inc.
Size90 acres (360,000 m2)
WebsiteOfficial website
Find a GraveGlenwood Cemetery
The Political GraveyardGlenwood Cemetery

About the cemetery edit

Establishment of the cemetery edit

On June 5, 1852, the Council of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia passed a local ordinance that barred the creation of new cemeteries anywhere within Georgetown or the area bounded by Boundary Street (northwest and northeast), 15th Street (east), East Capitol Street, the Anacostia River, the Potomac River, and Rock Creek. A number of new cemeteries were therefore established in the "rural" areas in and around Washington: Columbian Harmony Cemetery in D.C.; Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring, Maryland; Mount Olivet Cemetery in D.C.; and Woodlawn Cemetery in D.C.[2]

The property which became Glenwood Cemetery was first owned by John Dixon, and original patentee of the District of Columbia. In 1809, Dixon sold the land to Dr. Phineas Bradley. Bradley renamed it Clover Hill,[3] and built a large home in the northeast corner of the land. Bradley entertained some of the city's most notable residents, including Senator Henry Clay. Bradley sold the property in 1845, and it changed hands many times over the next nine years.[4] By 1854, it was owned by Junius J. Boyle.

In June 1852, Joseph B. Close, William S. Humphreys, Randolph S. Evans, and George Clendenin purchased the 90-acre (360,000 m2) Clover Hill from Junius J. Boyle for $9,000 for the purpose of creating a secular cemetery. Humphreys put a high fence around 30 acres (120,000 m2) of the site and laid out walks and roads. Clendenin was appointed superintendent of the cemetery in March 1853. Close had loaned Humphreys $27,000 to make his improvements, and in April 1853 Humphreys gave Close a 50 percent interest in the premises. The remaining half interest was given to Close in June 1854. Close agreed that if Humphreys repaid the debt, Close would give him half the land back.[5]

On July 27, 1854, Congress passed legislation granting a congressional charter to and establishing The Proprietors of Glenwood Cemetery. The cemetery association was governed by a board of 12 people (who had invested a total of $100,000 in creating the cemetery): Four from the District of Columbia, plus Close, Humphreys, Evans, and William Phelps (a resident of New Jersey). The board was empowered to appoint a president and three managers. The charter specified that no more than 100 acres (400,000 m2) could be held by the association, and at least 30 acres (120,000 m2) must be used as a cemetery.[6] The congressional charter also provided that no streets could be built through the cemetery.[7] Congress specifically exempted all cemetery land (but not unimproved land) from taxes.[6]

Ownership disputes edit

 
Glenwood Cemetery NE Washington DC Looking S
 
Looking north across Section D.

Glenwood Cemetery was dedicated on August 2, 1854.[6] In 1859, Humphreys defaulted on his payments to Close, forfeiting his right to receive any property. Close became the sole owner of Glenwood Cemetery, with Clendenin continuing to act as superintendent.[6] Between 1854 and 1874, 2,000 burial plots were sold. When the District of Columbia assessed property taxes on the 60 acres (240,000 m2) of unimproved land, Close argued that the entire site was dedicated to cemetery use. The tax assessments were withdrawn.[6]

On February 28, 1877, Congress passed legislation changing the name of the association to "The Glenwood Cemetery". The board of trustees was reduced to five. Three of the trustees were to be elected by individuals who had purchased burial plots, and two by agreement among the 12 investors in the cemetery.[8] The new congressional charter required that 25 percent of the proceeds from the sale of lots should be paid to the original 12 investors, with the remainder being used to maintain the cemetery.[9]

Close refused to recognize the legality of the new congressional charter. Close now argued that the 60 acres (240,000 m2) of unimproved land was private, not cemetery, property. Further complicating matters, Close was engaged in a lengthy and bitter divorce proceeding. He had turned over to his wife all his stock and profits in Glenwood Cemetery.[10] A D.C. district court ordered Close to turn over his interest in Glenwood Cemetery to the other investors, to be compensated for this investment, and to continue to receive 25 percent of the profits from the cemetery. Close appealed the ruling, asking to keep all 90 acres (360,000 m2) of the property. Close's wife appealed as well, demanding that the property be turned over to her.[11]

The dispute went to the Supreme Court of the United States. In Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), the Supreme Court held that Close's wife had not filed her claim in a timely fashion and was not entitled to appeal. The Supreme Court also affirmed the judgment of the district court. The Glenwood Cemetery now passed solely into the hands of the remaining 11 investors.[12]

Improvements and burials edit

 
Former receiving vault at Glenwood Cemetery.

As Glenwood Cemetery began to fill, the unimproved grounds were developed. The layout for Glenwood Cemetery was designed by George F. de la Roche, a civil engineer. De la Roche drew primary inspiration for Glenwood from Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. But Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts, and Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were also important to the design. The cemetery hired de la Roche because he proposed a "rural cemetery" landscape design. De la Roche designed a series of winding roadways that followed the topography.[1] A portion of the grounds remained undeveloped by the time the American Civil War broke out. In November 1861, Abraham Lincoln visited Glenwood Cemetery to visit Colonel John Cochrane's First United States Chasseurs (65th New York Regiment).[13] The Lincoln connection to Glenwood Cemetery continued after Lincoln's death, when assassination co-conspirator George Atzerodt was buried in Glenwood.[14]

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glenwood Cemetery was known as one of the "big five" cemeteries in Washington, D.C.[15]

In August 1892, Glenwood Cemetery commissioned a mortuary chapel from noted local architect Glenn Brown. Brown's Romanesque Revival structure was his only religious structure, and was completed at the height of his professional career. The Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.[1] A large number of nationally and locally important individuals were buried in Glenwood Cemetery during its history. Among these were Benjamin Greenup (also spelled Grenup), a D.C. firefighter who was killed on May 6, 1856. For 150 years, Greenup was believed to be the first D.C. firefighter to die in the line of duty. A major memorial was erected over Greenup's burial site, and every year rookie firefighters drove a fire engine onto the grounds of Glenwood Cemetery to honor his memory. But in 2011, researchers discovered that D.C. firefighter John G. Anderson died in the line of duty on March 11, 1856—two months before Greenup. It remained unclear if the Greenup pilgrimage would continue.[16] Another important figure buried at the cemetery was Constantino Brumidi, who painted the frescos in the United States Capitol. When Brumidi was buried, his grave was unmarked. The location of Brumidi's grave was lost for 72 years. It was rediscovered, and on February 19, 1952, a marker was finally placed above it.[17]

As of 1988, neither the cemetery nor its mortuary chapel had been significantly altered since the construction of the mortuary chapel in 1892.[1]

After high winds in 2008 toppled several trees, the cemetery managers at Glenwood invited chainsaw artist, Dayton Scoggins, to carve four of their fallen oak tree stumps into unusual wooden statues. One features a large dragon capturing a smaller dragon. Another is a saber tooth tiger with smaller animals at its feet. The final two are angels, one ascending to heaven and one with a chain. The images were inspired by Revelations chapter 20, verses 1–3:

And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key to the Abyss and holding in his hand a great chain. He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil, or Satan, and bound him for a thousand years. He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the thousand years were ended.

Notable interments edit

Notable monuments and buildings edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel." Registration Form. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. November 28, 1988. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  2. ^ Richardson, p. 309.
  3. ^ Bryan, p. 573.
  4. ^ Bradley, p. 134.
  5. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 468. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  6. ^ a b c d e Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 469. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  7. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 469–470. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  8. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 471. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  9. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 471–472. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  10. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 472. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  11. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 473. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  12. ^ Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), 478. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  13. ^ Clark, p. 76.
  14. ^ Clark, p. 163.
  15. ^ The others were Congressional Cemetery, Mount Olivet Cemetery, Oak Hill Cemetery, and Rock Creek Cemetery. See: Richardson, p. 321.
  16. ^ Kelly, John. "'First' D.C. Firefighter to Die on the Job Wasn't." Washington Post. January 15, 2011. Accessed 2012-10-27.
  17. ^ Clark, "Report of the Chronicler for 1952," p. 186.
  18. ^ "Big Inventor Dies at His Home in Capital". The Evening Star. 1917-06-04. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-02-18 – via Newspapers.com. 
  19. ^ Sheads, Nancy (June 2, 2018). "Tobias Watkins". Medicine in Maryland, 1752–1920. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  20. ^ "Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 1874–1967". 20 July 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2022.

Bibliography edit

  • Bradley, Charles S. "The Bradley Family and the Times in Which They Lived." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 1903, pp. 123–142.
  • Bryan, Wilhelmus B. A History of the National Capital: From Its Foundation Through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act. New York: Macmillan, 1916.
  • Clark, Allen C. "Abraham Lincoln in the National Capital." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 27 (1925), pp. 1–174.
  • Clark, Elizabeth G. "Report of the Chronicler for 1952." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 51/52 (1951–1952), pp. 181–209.
  • Richardson, Steven J. "The Burial Grounds of Black Washington: 1880–1919." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 52 (1989), pp. 304–326.

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For other cemeteries with the same name see Glenwood Cemetery disambiguation Glenwood Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 2219 Lincoln Road NE in Washington D C It is a private secular cemetery owned and operated by The Glenwood Cemetery Inc Many famous people are buried in Glenwood Cemetery and the cemetery is noted for its numerous elaborate Victorian and Art Nouveau funerary monuments 1 The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017 its mortuary chapel was separately listed in 1989 Glenwood CemeteryEntrance to Glenwood CemeteryDetailsEstablished1854LocationEdgewood Washington D C CountryUnited StatesCoordinates38 55 22 N 77 00 22 W 38 9229 N 77 0060 W 38 9229 77 0060Typeprivate secularOwned byThe Glenwood Cemetery Inc Size90 acres 360 000 m2 WebsiteOfficial websiteFind a GraveGlenwood CemeteryThe Political GraveyardGlenwood Cemetery Contents 1 About the cemetery 1 1 Establishment of the cemetery 1 2 Ownership disputes 1 3 Improvements and burials 2 Notable interments 3 Notable monuments and buildings 4 References 5 BibliographyAbout the cemetery editEstablishment of the cemetery edit On June 5 1852 the Council of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia passed a local ordinance that barred the creation of new cemeteries anywhere within Georgetown or the area bounded by Boundary Street northwest and northeast 15th Street east East Capitol Street the Anacostia River the Potomac River and Rock Creek A number of new cemeteries were therefore established in the rural areas in and around Washington Columbian Harmony Cemetery in D C Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring Maryland Mount Olivet Cemetery in D C and Woodlawn Cemetery in D C 2 The property which became Glenwood Cemetery was first owned by John Dixon and original patentee of the District of Columbia In 1809 Dixon sold the land to Dr Phineas Bradley Bradley renamed it Clover Hill 3 and built a large home in the northeast corner of the land Bradley entertained some of the city s most notable residents including Senator Henry Clay Bradley sold the property in 1845 and it changed hands many times over the next nine years 4 By 1854 it was owned by Junius J Boyle In June 1852 Joseph B Close William S Humphreys Randolph S Evans and George Clendenin purchased the 90 acre 360 000 m2 Clover Hill from Junius J Boyle for 9 000 for the purpose of creating a secular cemetery Humphreys put a high fence around 30 acres 120 000 m2 of the site and laid out walks and roads Clendenin was appointed superintendent of the cemetery in March 1853 Close had loaned Humphreys 27 000 to make his improvements and in April 1853 Humphreys gave Close a 50 percent interest in the premises The remaining half interest was given to Close in June 1854 Close agreed that if Humphreys repaid the debt Close would give him half the land back 5 On July 27 1854 Congress passed legislation granting a congressional charter to and establishing The Proprietors of Glenwood Cemetery The cemetery association was governed by a board of 12 people who had invested a total of 100 000 in creating the cemetery Four from the District of Columbia plus Close Humphreys Evans and William Phelps a resident of New Jersey The board was empowered to appoint a president and three managers The charter specified that no more than 100 acres 400 000 m2 could be held by the association and at least 30 acres 120 000 m2 must be used as a cemetery 6 The congressional charter also provided that no streets could be built through the cemetery 7 Congress specifically exempted all cemetery land but not unimproved land from taxes 6 Ownership disputes edit nbsp Glenwood Cemetery NE Washington DC Looking S nbsp Looking north across Section D Glenwood Cemetery was dedicated on August 2 1854 6 In 1859 Humphreys defaulted on his payments to Close forfeiting his right to receive any property Close became the sole owner of Glenwood Cemetery with Clendenin continuing to act as superintendent 6 Between 1854 and 1874 2 000 burial plots were sold When the District of Columbia assessed property taxes on the 60 acres 240 000 m2 of unimproved land Close argued that the entire site was dedicated to cemetery use The tax assessments were withdrawn 6 On February 28 1877 Congress passed legislation changing the name of the association to The Glenwood Cemetery The board of trustees was reduced to five Three of the trustees were to be elected by individuals who had purchased burial plots and two by agreement among the 12 investors in the cemetery 8 The new congressional charter required that 25 percent of the proceeds from the sale of lots should be paid to the original 12 investors with the remainder being used to maintain the cemetery 9 Close refused to recognize the legality of the new congressional charter Close now argued that the 60 acres 240 000 m2 of unimproved land was private not cemetery property Further complicating matters Close was engaged in a lengthy and bitter divorce proceeding He had turned over to his wife all his stock and profits in Glenwood Cemetery 10 A D C district court ordered Close to turn over his interest in Glenwood Cemetery to the other investors to be compensated for this investment and to continue to receive 25 percent of the profits from the cemetery Close appealed the ruling asking to keep all 90 acres 360 000 m2 of the property Close s wife appealed as well demanding that the property be turned over to her 11 The dispute went to the Supreme Court of the United States In Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 the Supreme Court held that Close s wife had not filed her claim in a timely fashion and was not entitled to appeal The Supreme Court also affirmed the judgment of the district court The Glenwood Cemetery now passed solely into the hands of the remaining 11 investors 12 Improvements and burials edit nbsp Former receiving vault at Glenwood Cemetery As Glenwood Cemetery began to fill the unimproved grounds were developed The layout for Glenwood Cemetery was designed by George F de la Roche a civil engineer De la Roche drew primary inspiration for Glenwood from Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn New York But Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston Massachusetts and Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia Pennsylvania were also important to the design The cemetery hired de la Roche because he proposed a rural cemetery landscape design De la Roche designed a series of winding roadways that followed the topography 1 A portion of the grounds remained undeveloped by the time the American Civil War broke out In November 1861 Abraham Lincoln visited Glenwood Cemetery to visit Colonel John Cochrane s First United States Chasseurs 65th New York Regiment 13 The Lincoln connection to Glenwood Cemetery continued after Lincoln s death when assassination co conspirator George Atzerodt was buried in Glenwood 14 During the late 19th and early 20th centuries Glenwood Cemetery was known as one of the big five cemeteries in Washington D C 15 In August 1892 Glenwood Cemetery commissioned a mortuary chapel from noted local architect Glenn Brown Brown s Romanesque Revival structure was his only religious structure and was completed at the height of his professional career The Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 1 A large number of nationally and locally important individuals were buried in Glenwood Cemetery during its history Among these were Benjamin Greenup also spelled Grenup a D C firefighter who was killed on May 6 1856 For 150 years Greenup was believed to be the first D C firefighter to die in the line of duty A major memorial was erected over Greenup s burial site and every year rookie firefighters drove a fire engine onto the grounds of Glenwood Cemetery to honor his memory But in 2011 researchers discovered that D C firefighter John G Anderson died in the line of duty on March 11 1856 two months before Greenup It remained unclear if the Greenup pilgrimage would continue 16 Another important figure buried at the cemetery was Constantino Brumidi who painted the frescos in the United States Capitol When Brumidi was buried his grave was unmarked The location of Brumidi s grave was lost for 72 years It was rediscovered and on February 19 1952 a marker was finally placed above it 17 As of 1988 neither the cemetery nor its mortuary chapel had been significantly altered since the construction of the mortuary chapel in 1892 1 After high winds in 2008 toppled several trees the cemetery managers at Glenwood invited chainsaw artist Dayton Scoggins to carve four of their fallen oak tree stumps into unusual wooden statues One features a large dragon capturing a smaller dragon Another is a saber tooth tiger with smaller animals at its feet The final two are angels one ascending to heaven and one with a chain The images were inspired by Revelations chapter 20 verses 1 3 And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven having the key to the Abyss and holding in his hand a great chain He seized the dragon that ancient serpent who is the devil or Satan and bound him for a thousand years He threw him into the Abyss and locked and sealed it over him to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the thousand years were ended Notable interments editMargaret Amidon 1827 1869 school principal in Washington D C Thomas W Bartley 1812 1885 Governor of Ohio and Justice on the Ohio State Supreme Court Clifford K Berryman 1869 1949 editorial cartoonist who first drew the Teddy Bear Rebecca Wright Bonsal 1838 1914 Civil War heroine and early female civil servant William Henry Boyd 1825 1887 Colonel in the Union Army publisher of Boyd s City Directories William A Bradley 1794 1867 Mayor of Washington D C Constantino Brumidi 1805 1880 painter of frescos in the United States Capitol John Simpson Crocker 1820 1890 Brigadier General in the Union Army Chester Bidwell Darrall 1842 1908 U S Representative from Louisiana Frederic De Frouville c 1850 1883 notorious murderer A Lawrence Foster 1802 1877 a U S Representative from New York State William E Gaines 1844 1912 a U S Representative from Virginia Alexander Gardner 1821 1882 Scottish American Civil War photographer Selucius Garfielde 1822 1883 a Territorial Delegate to Congress from Washington Territory Louis Gathmann 1843 1917 inventor and engineer 18 Ransom H Gillet 1800 1876 U S Representative from New York Howard Helmick 1844 1907 American painter etcher designer and illustrator Gretchen Hood 1886 1978 American opera singer Irwin Ike H Hoover 1871 1933 Chief White House Usher for many years Elizabeth Orpha Sampson Hoyt 1828 1912 philosopher author lecturer Amos Kendall 1789 1869 U S Postmaster General and founder of school for the deaf which became Gallaudet University Edwin F Ladd 1859 1925 president of North Dakota Agricultural College and a U S Senator from North Dakota Emanuel Leutze 1816 1868 painter of Washington Crossing the Delaware Ralph P Lowe 1805 1883 Governor of Iowa and Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court Albert Gallatin Mackey 1807 1881 physician and primary founder of Scottish Rite Freemasonry Edmund William McGregor Mackey 1846 1884 U S Representative from South Carolina Van H Manning 1839 1892 Colonel in the Confederate States Army and U S Representative from Mississippi John Luckey McCreery 1835 1906 poet best known for the work There Is No Death which first appeared in July 1863 Clark Mills 1810 1883 American sculptor John Frederick Parker 1830 1890 D C police officer assigned to guard Abraham Lincoln the night the president was killed Alexander G Penn 1799 1866 a U S Representative from Louisiana Bertha E Perrie 1868 1921 painter Daniel Reintzel 1755 1828 three term mayor of the town of Georgetown D C Marcus Reno 1834 1889 survivor of the Battle of Little Big Horn removed and reburied at Custer National Cemetery John J Roane 1794 1869 U S Representative from Virginia John Ambler Smith 1847 1892 U S Representative from Virginia Len Spencer 1867 1914 singer and composer popular recording artist from the 1890s to the 1910s Strong John Thomson 1819 1897 Washington D C educator and founder of the Thomson School Hiram Walbridge 1821 1870 U S Representative from New York Dr Tobias Watkins 1780 1855 fourth auditor of the United States Treasury writer editor and physician 19 Jesse Johnson Yeates 1829 1892 U S Representative from North Carolina James R Young 1847 1924 U S Representative from Pennsylvania John Russell Young 1882 1966 Longest serving President of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia 20 Notable monuments and buildings editBlundon Monument Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel Grenup Monument Vasco MonumentReferences edit a b c d Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel Registration Form National Register of Historic Places National Park Service U S Department of the Interior November 28 1988 Accessed 2012 10 27 Richardson p 309 Bryan p 573 Bradley p 134 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 468 Accessed 2012 10 27 a b c d e Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 469 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 469 470 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 471 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 471 472 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 472 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 473 Accessed 2012 10 27 Close v Glenwood Cemetery 107 U S 466 1883 478 Accessed 2012 10 27 Clark p 76 Clark p 163 The others were Congressional Cemetery Mount Olivet Cemetery Oak Hill Cemetery and Rock Creek Cemetery See Richardson p 321 Kelly John First D C Firefighter to Die on the Job Wasn t Washington Post January 15 2011 Accessed 2012 10 27 Clark Report of the Chronicler for 1952 p 186 Big Inventor Dies at His Home in Capital The Evening Star 1917 06 04 p 16 Retrieved 2023 02 18 via Newspapers com nbsp Sheads Nancy June 2 2018 Tobias Watkins Medicine in Maryland 1752 1920 Retrieved September 6 2020 Commissioners of the District of Columbia 1874 1967 20 July 2014 Retrieved 16 June 2022 Bibliography edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glenwood Cemetery Bradley Charles S The Bradley Family and the Times in Which They Lived Records of the Columbia Historical Society 1903 pp 123 142 Bryan Wilhelmus B A History of the National Capital From Its Foundation Through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act New York Macmillan 1916 Clark Allen C Abraham Lincoln in the National Capital Records of the Columbia Historical Society 27 1925 pp 1 174 Clark Elizabeth G Report of the Chronicler for 1952 Records of the Columbia Historical Society 51 52 1951 1952 pp 181 209 Richardson Steven J The Burial Grounds of Black Washington 1880 1919 Records of the Columbia Historical Society 52 1989 pp 304 326 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glenwood Cemetery Washington D C amp oldid 1215604565, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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