fbpx
Wikipedia

Columbian Harmony Cemetery

January 01, 1970

Columbian Harmony Cemetery was an African-American cemetery that formerly existed at 9th Street NE and Rhode Island Avenue NE in Washington, D.C., in the United States. Constructed in 1859, it was the successor to the smaller Harmoneon Cemetery in downtown Washington. All graves in the cemetery were moved to National Harmony Memorial Park in Landover, Maryland, in 1959. The cemetery site was sold to developers, and a portion used for the Rhode Island Avenue – Brentwood Washington Metro station.

Columbian Harmony Cemetery
Details
Established1859
Closed1960
Location
Brentwood, Washington, D.C.
CountryUnited States
Coordinates38°55′12″N 76°59′36″W / 38.91997°N 76.99333°W / 38.91997; -76.99333
TypeClosed
Owned byColumbian Harmony Society, Inc.
Size29 acres (120,000 m2)
No. of graves37,000
Find a GraveColumbian Harmony Cemetery

History edit

Formation and early years edit

The Columbian Harmony Society was a mutual aid society formed on November 25, 1825, by free African Americans to aid other black people.[1][2] On April 7, 1828, it established the "Harmoneon," a cemetery exclusively for members of the society. This was a 1.3 acres (5,300 m2) cemetery bounded by 5th Street NW, 6th Street NW, S Street NW, and Boundary Street NW.[2] Burials began in 1829.[3]

On June 5, 1852, the Council of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia passed a local ordinance that barred the creation of new cemeteries anywhere within Georgetown or within the area bounded by Boundary Street (northwest and northeast), 15th Street (east), East Capitol Street, the Anacostia River, the Potomac River, and Rock Creek. A number of new cemeteries were therefore established in the "rural" areas in and around Washington: Columbian Harmony Cemetery in D.C.; Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring, Maryland; Glenwood Cemetery in D.C.; Mount Olivet Cemetery in D.C.; and Woodlawn Cemetery in D.C.[4]

As Harmoneon quickly filled, the society was forced to find new burial grounds. It acquired on July 1, 1857, a 17 acres (69,000 m2) tract bounded by Rhode Island Avenue NE, Brentwood Road NE, T Street NE, and the railroad tracks of the Capital Subdivision of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Transferral of graves was completed in 1859.[5] It sold the old Harmoneon site for $4,000.[6] An 18 acres (73,000 m2) tract adjacent to the Columbian Harmony Cemetery was purchased in the summer of 1886.[7] From the early 1880s to the 1920s, Columbian Harmony Cemetery was the most active black cemetery in Washington, with 21.8 percent of all African-American burials occurring there. It never ranked lower than fourth in total African-American burials, and between 1892 and 1919 it was number one in every year but one. In 1895 alone, one-third of Washington's blacks were buried there.[8] Columbian Harmony was one of the "big five" of black cemeteries in the District of Columbia.[9] By 1900 landscaping and roads were added throughout the cemetery. A chapel was built in 1899, and a caretaker's lodge in 1912.[10]

Management troubles edit

Columbian Harmony Cemetery was filling so rapidly that its owners considered purchasing a new cemetery outside the District of Columbia. By 1901, it held 10,000 graves.[11] In 1929, the society purchased 44.75 acres (181,100 m2) near Landover, Maryland, for $18,000.[12] Some of the owners of existing burial plots sued in 1949 to prevent relocation of graves.[13] Although some burials took place at the new cemetery, no grave relocations took place. In 1950, the society stopped new burials at Columbian Harmony Cemetery.[14] By this time, at least 400 African American veterans, nearly all of them former United States Colored Troops, were buried there.[15] In 1953, the society relocated the few graves at Huntsville to a nearby cemetery and sold its property for $178,000 to a real estate development company.[16]

The lack of new burials left the cemetery in a difficult financial situation. The cemetery was experiencing an annual loss of $3,000 a year.[16]

Closure and relocation of graves edit

In 1957, real-estate investor Louis N. Bell offered to buy Columbian Harmony Cemetery. Bell informed the society that he would expand his 107.5 acres (435,000 m2) Forest Lawn Cemetery (which was near the society's former property in Landover) by 65 acres (260,000 m2). He offered the society a 25 percent stake in the new cemetery and to pay all relocation costs in exchange for the property in D.C. Although the society rejected this offer, negotiations continued. Bell eventually agreed to also establish a perpetual care fund, designate a 30-acre (120,000 m2) section of the cemetery as the "Harmony Section", and allowed the society to appoint half the board of the new cemetery association.[17]

Beginning in May 1960, approximately 37,000 graves were moved to National Harmony Memorial Park. The District of Columbia Department of Health had to draft and win approval of a whole new set of regulations to govern the mass relocation. A D.C. district court agreed to issue a single exhumation order, rather than review thousands of cases. All the heirs of those buried at Columbia Harmony Cemetery were contacted and their permission to move the graves secured. More than 100 workers exhumed, recrated in new coffins, moved, and reburied the dead.[18] The re-interments were completed on November 17, 1960.[19] It was the largest cemetery move in the nation's capital, and cost $1 million.[20]

However, to move 37,000 graves between May and November 1960 means that hundreds were moved every day, and there was no time to "recrate them in new coffins", even had 37,000 coffins been available. Many were reburied in a mass grave. Unfortunately, the relocation agreement did not cover the existing memorials and monuments, which would have required identifying remains, moving the markers, and burying each body with its corresponding marker, if any (making a mass grave impossible). This would have taken much more time. According to the Maryland Historical Trust, none of the original grave markers were retained.[21] Furthermore, most of the remains at Columbian Harmony Cemetery were transferred and reburied without identifying which person was being reburied.[21] The headstones were sold as scrap and used to secure the riverbank of the Stuart Plantation, a 1400 acre conservation easement site on the banks of the Potomac in King George County, Virginia. In 2016 the property was bought by Virginia State Senator Richard Stuart, a descendant of the original owners, who discovered the grave markers and sought the help of Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam in recovering them. A nonprofit organization will reclaim as many of the headstones as possible and send them to National Harmony, and related memorial markers will be placed in both Maryland and Virginia.[15] It brought to light a historic injustice in D.C.[15]

When the Rhode Island Avenue – Brentwood Metro station was constructed in 1976, workers discovered that not all the bodies had been exhumed. At least five coffins were unearthed, and numerous bones.[15] A plaque was affixed to a column near one of the station's entrances to commemorate the former cemetery.[22] When a parking lot at the site was renovated in 1979, more bones and bits of cloth and coffins were unearthed.[15]

Headstone controversy edit

 
Retrieved headstones from Columbian Harmony Cemetery, seen in August 2021

The relocation agreement did not cover the existing memorials and monuments. According to the Maryland Historical Trust, none of the original grave markers were retained.[23] Furthermore, most of the remains at Columbian Harmony Cemetery were transferred and reburied without identifying which person was being reburied.[15][23] Grave markers were sold as scrap.[15]

The fate of many of the original markers remained a mystery for almost a half-century. In 2009, hikers found a large number of headstones in the riprap lining the banks of the Potomac River, on privately owned land near Caledon State Park in King George County, Virginia.[24] Virginia State Senator Richard Stuart, who bought the land in 2016, enlisted Virginia historians to trace the origin of the headstones; they were determined to have come from Columbian Harmony.

Because the headstones were adjacent to the state park, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation could only turn them over to a nonprofit. With the assistance of Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, an agreement was signed by the state of Virginia, state of Maryland, the District of Columbia, and the History, Arts, and Science Action Network (HASAN, a nonprofit based in Lynchburg, Virginia). The grave markers are planned to be turned over to the nonprofit, and National Harmony has agreed to allow the nonprofit to place them on the appropriate graves at the cemetery. The two organizations are also working to create a memorial garden inside the main gate of the cemetery. Stuart said he will work to create a parklike memorial along the Potomac to recognize any headstones that cannot be reclaimed. The government of the District of Columbia said it will assist in researching the history of those buried at Columbian Harmony.[15]

As of February 2021, only 55 headstones of the estimated thousands had been recovered.[25]

Notable interments edit

A number of nationally and locally important African Americans were buried at Columbian Harmony Cemetery. Among them was the first African-American D.C. firefighter (whose name was not known) to die in the line of duty.[26] Other notable interments included:

References edit

  1. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 1.
  2. ^ a b Richardson, p. 307.
  3. ^ Sluby and Wormley, pp. 10–11.
  4. ^ Richardson, p. 309.
  5. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 13.
  6. ^ Proctor, John Clagett. "Many Burial Places in Old Washington." Washington Star. December 1, 1929, p. 13.
  7. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 21.
  8. ^ Richardson, pp. 311–12.
  9. ^ The others were Payne's Cemetery, Mount Olivet Cemetery, Mount Zion Cemetery, and Mount Pleasant Plains Cemetery. See: Richardson, p. 321.
  10. ^ Sluby and Wormley, pp. 25–27.
  11. ^ "Honored Confederate Dead." The Washington Post. May 31, 1901.
  12. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 30.
  13. ^ "Cemetery Row Referred to D.C. Counsel." The Washington Post. August 26, 1949.
  14. ^ Sluby and Wormley, pp. 37–39.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Schneider, Gregory S. (October 25, 2020). "A Virginia state senator found headstones on his property. It brought to light a historic injustice in D.C." The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Sluby and Wormley, p. 39.
  17. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 45.
  18. ^ "Workers Start to Clear 100-Year-Old Cemetery." The Washington Post. May 24, 1960.
  19. ^ Sluby and Wormley, p. 49.
  20. ^ "Old District Graveyard's Moving Set", The Washington Post. September 1, 1959.
  21. ^ a b "Harmony Memorial Park." Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form. Maryland Historical Trust. Maryland Department of Planning. March 9, 2009. Capsule Summary, p. 72-045. Accessed October 28, 2012.
  22. ^ Meyer, Eugene L. "History Chiseled in Stone", The Washington Post October 30, 1998.
  23. ^ a b "Harmony Memorial Park." Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form. Maryland Historical Trust. Maryland Department of Planning. March 9, 2009. Item 8, p. 4. Accessed October 28, 2012.
  24. ^ "Gravestones Found on Potomac's Edge." Fox 5 News. March 11, 2009.
  25. ^ "Inside the search for tombstones from the Columbian Harmony Cemetery, where 37,000 Black D.C. residents were once buried". CBS News. February 21, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  26. ^ "Roses On Firemen's Graves", The Washington Post. May 16, 1912.
  27. ^ Kneebone, John T. "Lucy Addison (1861–1937)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  28. ^ "Began Life as Slave." The Washington Post. March 30, 1902.
  29. ^ Meyer, Eugene L. (November 16, 2000). "At Cemetery, a John Brown Raider Is Remembered". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  30. ^ "Harmony Memorial Park." Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form. Maryland Historical Trust. Maryland Department of Planning. March 9, 2009. Item 8, page 2. Accessed September 6, 2016.
  31. ^ "Washington's Colored Sousa Dead", The Washington Post. January 18, 1897.
  32. ^ "Washington: By Telegraph to the Tribune". New York Tribune. October 29, 1866. p. 10. Retrieved June 26, 2023 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
  33. ^ "Hillsdale News". The Evening Star. June 29, 1906. p. 7.
  34. ^ Major, Gerri; Saunders, Doris (1976). Gerri's Major's Black Society. Johnson Publishing Company Inc. p. 230.
  35. ^ Smith, Jessie Carney (1996). Notable Black American women book II book II Helen Cook. Gale Research. p. 137. ISBN 978-0810391772. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  36. ^ "Deaths". The Evening Star. November 25, 1941. p. 13.
  37. ^ "Deaths". The Evening Star. March 4, 1940. p. A12; Monsho, Kharen (2021). "Dudley, Sherman H. (ca. 1870–1940)". Handbook of Texas. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  38. ^ "Army Veteran Paves the Way for African Americans in the Military." Armed Forces Retirement Home. January 31, 2008, p. 7. October 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Accessed October 28, 2012.
  39. ^ "Negro Benefactor's Rites Here Today." The Washington Post. January 10, 1934.
  40. ^ "[no headline]". Evening Star (Washington, DC) (via LOC Chronicling America). September 22, 1929.
  41. ^ Washington Post, by L French,"The School on Meridian Hill"
  42. ^ Taylor 2012, p. 224.
  43. ^ "Henry L. Johnson, Dead Negro Leader, Was Son of Slaves." The Washington Post. September 13, 1925.
  44. ^ "Funeral of Negro Minister." The Washington Post. December 23, 1903.
  45. ^ Skalski, Liz. "A Hole in the Historical Fabric, Stitched Back Together", The Washington Post. June 3, 2010.
  46. ^ "Mourn Passing of Robert A. Pelham". The New York Age. June 26, 1943. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  47. ^ Morello, Carol (April 16, 2014). "Slave who helped build Capitol's Statue of Freedom honored with historical marker". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  48. ^ Savage and Shull, p. 136.
  49. ^ "Funeral of William Syphax". The Evening Star. June 19, 1891. p. 8.
  50. ^ "Funeral Rites Held for Robert Terrell." The Washington Post. December 25, 1925.
  51. ^ "Deaths". The Evening Star. December 12, 1940. p. A14.
  52. ^ "Funeral of the Late James Wormley." The Washington Post. October 21, 1884.

Bibliography edit

  • Richardson, Steven J. "The Burial Grounds of Black Washington: 1880–1919." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 52 (1989), pp. 304–326.
  • Savage, Beth L. and Shull, Carol D. African American Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press, 1994.[ISBN missing]
  • Sluby Sr. Paul E. and Wormley, Stanton Lawrence. History of the Columbian Harmony Society and of Harmony Cemetery, Washington, D.C. Rev ed. Washington, D.C.: The Society, 2001.[ISBN missing]
  • Taylor, Elizabeth Dowling (2012). A Slave in the White House: Paul Jennings and the Madisons. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230108936.

For further reading edit

  • "Sluby, Paul E., Sr." (2018). "The Columbian Harmony Society: A Brief History" Manuscripts, Publications and Other Written Work.

January 01, 1970
columbian, harmony, cemetery, african, american, cemetery, that, formerly, existed, street, rhode, island, avenue, washington, united, states, constructed, 1859, successor, smaller, harmoneon, cemetery, downtown, washington, graves, cemetery, were, moved, nati. Columbian Harmony Cemetery was an African American cemetery that formerly existed at 9th Street NE and Rhode Island Avenue NE in Washington D C in the United States Constructed in 1859 it was the successor to the smaller Harmoneon Cemetery in downtown Washington All graves in the cemetery were moved to National Harmony Memorial Park in Landover Maryland in 1959 The cemetery site was sold to developers and a portion used for the Rhode Island Avenue Brentwood Washington Metro station Columbian Harmony CemeteryDetailsEstablished1859Closed1960LocationBrentwood Washington D C CountryUnited StatesCoordinates38 55 12 N 76 59 36 W 38 91997 N 76 99333 W 38 91997 76 99333TypeClosedOwned byColumbian Harmony Society Inc Size29 acres 120 000 m2 No of graves37 000Find a GraveColumbian Harmony Cemetery Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation and early years 1 2 Management troubles 1 3 Closure and relocation of graves 2 Headstone controversy 3 Notable interments 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 For further readingHistory editFormation and early years edit The Columbian Harmony Society was a mutual aid society formed on November 25 1825 by free African Americans to aid other black people 1 2 On April 7 1828 it established the Harmoneon a cemetery exclusively for members of the society This was a 1 3 acres 5 300 m2 cemetery bounded by 5th Street NW 6th Street NW S Street NW and Boundary Street NW 2 Burials began in 1829 3 On June 5 1852 the Council of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia passed a local ordinance that barred the creation of new cemeteries anywhere within Georgetown or within the area bounded by Boundary Street northwest and northeast 15th Street east East Capitol Street the Anacostia River the Potomac River and Rock Creek A number of new cemeteries were therefore established in the rural areas in and around Washington Columbian Harmony Cemetery in D C Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring Maryland Glenwood Cemetery in D C Mount Olivet Cemetery in D C and Woodlawn Cemetery in D C 4 As Harmoneon quickly filled the society was forced to find new burial grounds It acquired on July 1 1857 a 17 acres 69 000 m2 tract bounded by Rhode Island Avenue NE Brentwood Road NE T Street NE and the railroad tracks of the Capital Subdivision of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Transferral of graves was completed in 1859 5 It sold the old Harmoneon site for 4 000 6 An 18 acres 73 000 m2 tract adjacent to the Columbian Harmony Cemetery was purchased in the summer of 1886 7 From the early 1880s to the 1920s Columbian Harmony Cemetery was the most active black cemetery in Washington with 21 8 percent of all African American burials occurring there It never ranked lower than fourth in total African American burials and between 1892 and 1919 it was number one in every year but one In 1895 alone one third of Washington s blacks were buried there 8 Columbian Harmony was one of the big five of black cemeteries in the District of Columbia 9 By 1900 landscaping and roads were added throughout the cemetery A chapel was built in 1899 and a caretaker s lodge in 1912 10 Management troubles edit Columbian Harmony Cemetery was filling so rapidly that its owners considered purchasing a new cemetery outside the District of Columbia By 1901 it held 10 000 graves 11 In 1929 the society purchased 44 75 acres 181 100 m2 near Landover Maryland for 18 000 12 Some of the owners of existing burial plots sued in 1949 to prevent relocation of graves 13 Although some burials took place at the new cemetery no grave relocations took place In 1950 the society stopped new burials at Columbian Harmony Cemetery 14 By this time at least 400 African American veterans nearly all of them former United States Colored Troops were buried there 15 In 1953 the society relocated the few graves at Huntsville to a nearby cemetery and sold its property for 178 000 to a real estate development company 16 The lack of new burials left the cemetery in a difficult financial situation The cemetery was experiencing an annual loss of 3 000 a year 16 Closure and relocation of graves edit In 1957 real estate investor Louis N Bell offered to buy Columbian Harmony Cemetery Bell informed the society that he would expand his 107 5 acres 435 000 m2 Forest Lawn Cemetery which was near the society s former property in Landover by 65 acres 260 000 m2 He offered the society a 25 percent stake in the new cemetery and to pay all relocation costs in exchange for the property in D C Although the society rejected this offer negotiations continued Bell eventually agreed to also establish a perpetual care fund designate a 30 acre 120 000 m2 section of the cemetery as the Harmony Section and allowed the society to appoint half the board of the new cemetery association 17 Beginning in May 1960 approximately 37 000 graves were moved to National Harmony Memorial Park The District of Columbia Department of Health had to draft and win approval of a whole new set of regulations to govern the mass relocation A D C district court agreed to issue a single exhumation order rather than review thousands of cases All the heirs of those buried at Columbia Harmony Cemetery were contacted and their permission to move the graves secured More than 100 workers exhumed recrated in new coffins moved and reburied the dead 18 The re interments were completed on November 17 1960 19 It was the largest cemetery move in the nation s capital and cost 1 million 20 However to move 37 000 graves between May and November 1960 means that hundreds were moved every day and there was no time to recrate them in new coffins even had 37 000 coffins been available Many were reburied in a mass grave Unfortunately the relocation agreement did not cover the existing memorials and monuments which would have required identifying remains moving the markers and burying each body with its corresponding marker if any making a mass grave impossible This would have taken much more time According to the Maryland Historical Trust none of the original grave markers were retained 21 Furthermore most of the remains at Columbian Harmony Cemetery were transferred and reburied without identifying which person was being reburied 21 The headstones were sold as scrap and used to secure the riverbank of the Stuart Plantation a 1400 acre conservation easement site on the banks of the Potomac in King George County Virginia In 2016 the property was bought by Virginia State Senator Richard Stuart a descendant of the original owners who discovered the grave markers and sought the help of Virginia Gov Ralph Northam in recovering them A nonprofit organization will reclaim as many of the headstones as possible and send them to National Harmony and related memorial markers will be placed in both Maryland and Virginia 15 It brought to light a historic injustice in D C 15 When the Rhode Island Avenue Brentwood Metro station was constructed in 1976 workers discovered that not all the bodies had been exhumed At least five coffins were unearthed and numerous bones 15 A plaque was affixed to a column near one of the station s entrances to commemorate the former cemetery 22 When a parking lot at the site was renovated in 1979 more bones and bits of cloth and coffins were unearthed 15 Headstone controversy edit nbsp Retrieved headstones from Columbian Harmony Cemetery seen in August 2021 The relocation agreement did not cover the existing memorials and monuments According to the Maryland Historical Trust none of the original grave markers were retained 23 Furthermore most of the remains at Columbian Harmony Cemetery were transferred and reburied without identifying which person was being reburied 15 23 Grave markers were sold as scrap 15 The fate of many of the original markers remained a mystery for almost a half century In 2009 hikers found a large number of headstones in the riprap lining the banks of the Potomac River on privately owned land near Caledon State Park in King George County Virginia 24 Virginia State Senator Richard Stuart who bought the land in 2016 enlisted Virginia historians to trace the origin of the headstones they were determined to have come from Columbian Harmony Because the headstones were adjacent to the state park the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation could only turn them over to a nonprofit With the assistance of Virginia Governor Ralph Northam an agreement was signed by the state of Virginia state of Maryland the District of Columbia and the History Arts and Science Action Network HASAN a nonprofit based in Lynchburg Virginia The grave markers are planned to be turned over to the nonprofit and National Harmony has agreed to allow the nonprofit to place them on the appropriate graves at the cemetery The two organizations are also working to create a memorial garden inside the main gate of the cemetery Stuart said he will work to create a parklike memorial along the Potomac to recognize any headstones that cannot be reclaimed The government of the District of Columbia said it will assist in researching the history of those buried at Columbian Harmony 15 As of February 2021 only 55 headstones of the estimated thousands had been recovered 25 Notable interments editA number of nationally and locally important African Americans were buried at Columbian Harmony Cemetery Among them was the first African American D C firefighter whose name was not known to die in the line of duty 26 Other notable interments included Lucy Addison 1861 1937 educator 27 Sandy Alexander 1818 1902 co founder First Baptist Church of Washington 28 Osborne Perry Anderson 1830 1871 only surviving African American member of John Brown s raid on Harpers Ferry Grave site unknown 29 George Bell 1761 1843 co founder of the first African American school in Washington D C 30 George Brown 1897 the Black Sousa who led the Capital City Band 31 Henry Brown 1866 White House assistant steward formerly enslaved by U S President Andrew Johnson 32 Solomon G Brown 1829 1906 first African American employee at the Smithsonian Institution 33 John F Cook Jr 1833 1910 a prominent businessman and Howard University trustee from one of Washington D C s most wealthy nineteenth century African American families 34 Helen Appo Cook 1837 1913 founder of the Colored Women s League of Washington D C and noted women s club leaders 35 Henrietta Vinton Davis 1860 1941 actress elocutionist dramatist impersonator and high ranking member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League 36 Sherman H Dudley 1872 1940 African American vaudeville performer and theatre entrepreneur 37 Christian Fleetwood 1840 1914 Medal of Honor recipient 38 William Henry Harrison Hart 1857 1934 co founder of the Niagara Movement predecessor of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 39 Thomas R Hawkins 1840 1870 Medal of Honor recipient citation needed Emanuel D Molyneaux Hewlett 1850 1929 civil rights activist and Washington DC s first African American justice of the peace 40 William James Howard 1854 1925 former slave pastor Zion Baptist Church 41 Paul Jennings 1799 1874 former slave personal servant to James Madison antislavery activist author 42 Henry Lincoln Johnson 1871 1925 Republican National Committeeman from Georgia 43 Robert Johnson 1870 1903 pastor Metropolitan Baptist Church 44 Elizabeth Keckley 1818 1907 former slave seamstress to Abraham Lincoln civic activist and author 45 Robert Pelham Jr 1859 1943 journalist and federal government employee 46 Philip Reid c 1820 1892 foundryman who oversaw the casting of the Statue of Freedom 47 Mary Ann Shadd 1823 1893 anti slavery activist first black woman publisher in North America first woman publisher in Canada 48 William Syphax 1825 1891 first President of the Board of Trustees of Colored Schools of Washington and Georgetown 49 Robert Heberton Terrell 1857 1925 second African American judge in Washington D C 50 William W Whipps 1940 Black pharmacist and co founder of the Washington Association of Colored Druggists 15 51 James Wormley 1819 1884 owner of the Wormley Hotel and only African American present when Abraham Lincoln died 52 References edit Sluby and Wormley p 1 a b Richardson p 307 Sluby and Wormley pp 10 11 Richardson p 309 Sluby and Wormley p 13 Proctor John Clagett Many Burial Places in Old Washington Washington Star December 1 1929 p 13 Sluby and Wormley p 21 Richardson pp 311 12 The others were Payne s Cemetery Mount Olivet Cemetery Mount Zion Cemetery and Mount Pleasant Plains Cemetery See Richardson p 321 Sluby and Wormley pp 25 27 Honored Confederate Dead The Washington Post May 31 1901 Sluby and Wormley p 30 Cemetery Row Referred to D C Counsel The Washington Post August 26 1949 Sluby and Wormley pp 37 39 a b c d e f g h i Schneider Gregory S October 25 2020 A Virginia state senator found headstones on his property It brought to light a historic injustice in D C The Washington Post Retrieved October 26 2020 a b Sluby and Wormley p 39 Sluby and Wormley p 45 Workers Start to Clear 100 Year Old Cemetery The Washington Post May 24 1960 Sluby and Wormley p 49 Old District Graveyard s Moving Set The Washington Post September 1 1959 a b Harmony Memorial Park Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form Maryland Historical Trust Maryland Department of Planning March 9 2009 Capsule Summary p 72 045 Accessed October 28 2012 Meyer Eugene L History Chiseled in Stone The Washington Post October 30 1998 a b Harmony Memorial Park Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form Maryland Historical Trust Maryland Department of Planning March 9 2009 Item 8 p 4 Accessed October 28 2012 Gravestones Found on Potomac s Edge Fox 5 News March 11 2009 Inside the search for tombstones from the Columbian Harmony Cemetery where 37 000 Black D C residents were once buried CBS News February 21 2021 Retrieved December 31 2023 Roses On Firemen s Graves The Washington Post May 16 1912 Kneebone John T Lucy Addison 1861 1937 Encyclopedia Virginia Dictionary of Virginia Biography Retrieved March 10 2015 Began Life as Slave The Washington Post March 30 1902 Meyer Eugene L November 16 2000 At Cemetery a John Brown Raider Is Remembered The Washington Post Retrieved November 1 2020 Harmony Memorial Park Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form Maryland Historical Trust Maryland Department of Planning March 9 2009 Item 8 page 2 Accessed September 6 2016 Washington s Colored Sousa Dead The Washington Post January 18 1897 Washington By Telegraph to the Tribune New York Tribune October 29 1866 p 10 Retrieved June 26 2023 via NewspaperArchive com Hillsdale News The Evening Star June 29 1906 p 7 Major Gerri Saunders Doris 1976 Gerri s Major s Black Society Johnson Publishing Company Inc p 230 Smith Jessie Carney 1996 Notable Black American women book II book II Helen Cook Gale Research p 137 ISBN 978 0810391772 Retrieved July 20 2019 Deaths The Evening Star November 25 1941 p 13 Deaths The Evening Star March 4 1940 p A12 Monsho Kharen 2021 Dudley Sherman H ca 1870 1940 Handbook of Texas Retrieved January 11 2021 Army Veteran Paves the Way for African Americans in the Military Armed Forces Retirement Home January 31 2008 p 7 Archived October 7 2012 at the Wayback Machine Accessed October 28 2012 Negro Benefactor s Rites Here Today The Washington Post January 10 1934 no headline Evening Star Washington DC via LOC Chronicling America September 22 1929 Washington Post by L French The School on Meridian Hill Taylor 2012 p 224 Henry L Johnson Dead Negro Leader Was Son of Slaves The Washington Post September 13 1925 Funeral of Negro Minister The Washington Post December 23 1903 Skalski Liz A Hole in the Historical Fabric Stitched Back Together The Washington Post June 3 2010 Mourn Passing of Robert A Pelham The New York Age June 26 1943 p 3 Retrieved January 31 2017 Morello Carol April 16 2014 Slave who helped build Capitol s Statue of Freedom honored with historical marker The Washington Post Retrieved September 6 2016 Savage and Shull p 136 Funeral of William Syphax The Evening Star June 19 1891 p 8 Funeral Rites Held for Robert Terrell The Washington Post December 25 1925 Deaths The Evening Star December 12 1940 p A14 Funeral of the Late James Wormley The Washington Post October 21 1884 Bibliography editRichardson Steven J The Burial Grounds of Black Washington 1880 1919 Records of the Columbia Historical Society 52 1989 pp 304 326 Savage Beth L and Shull Carol D African American Historic Places Washington D C Preservation Press 1994 ISBN missing Sluby Sr Paul E and Wormley Stanton Lawrence History of the Columbian Harmony Society and of Harmony Cemetery Washington D C Rev ed Washington D C The Society 2001 ISBN missing Taylor Elizabeth Dowling 2012 A Slave in the White House Paul Jennings and the Madisons New York Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0230108936 For further reading edit Sluby Paul E Sr 2018 The Columbian Harmony Society A Brief History Manuscripts Publications and Other Written Work Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Columbian Harmony Cemetery amp oldid 1193413780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.