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Hieronymus Fabricius

September 02, 2023

Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente, also known as Girolamo Fabrizio or Hieronymus Fabricius (20 May 1533 – 21 May 1619), was a pioneering anatomist and surgeon known in medical science as "The Father of Embryology."

Hieronymus Fabricius
Girolamo Fabrizi d' Acquapendente
Born20 May 1533
Acquapendente
Died21 May 1619 (1619-05-22) (aged 86)
Padua
NationalityItalian
EducationUniversity of Padua (M.D., 1559)
Scientific career
FieldsAnatomy
InstitutionsUniversity of Padua
Doctoral advisorGabriele Falloppio
Doctoral studentsWilliam Harvey
Adriaan van den Spiegel
Johannes Heurnius
Jan Jesenius
The 1600 depiction of the Sylvian fissure (in top right side) in Fabricius's Tabulae Pictae 112.10

Life and accomplishments Edit

Born in Acquapendente, Latium, Fabricius studied at the University of Padua, receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1559 under the guidance of Gabriele Falloppio. He was a private teacher of anatomy in Padua, 1562–1565,[1][2] and in 1565, became professor of surgery and anatomy at the university, succeeding Falloppio.[3][4]

In 1594 he revolutionized the teaching of anatomy when he designed the first permanent theater for public anatomical dissections.[3] Julius Casserius (1552–1616) of Piacenza was among Fabricius' students,[5] Anselmus Boetius de Boodt (1550-1632) also received his lessons there in 1586.[6] William Harvey (1578–1657) and Adriaan van den Spiegel (1578–1625) also studied under Fabricius, beginning around 1598. Julius Casserius would later succeed Fabricius as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua in 1604, and Adriaan van den Spiegel succeeded Casserius in that position in 1615.[5]

By dissecting animals, Fabricius investigated the formation of the fetus, the structure of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the peculiarities of the eye, the ear, and the larynx. He rediscovered the membranous folds that he called "valves" in the interior of veins, though they were first described by Charles Estienne in 1545. Fabricius rediscovered them in 1574, and was the first to fully describe them including their function in 1603.[7] These valves are now understood to prevent retrograde flow of blood within the veins, thus facilitating antegrade flow of blood towards the heart, though Fabricius did not understand their role at that time. His pupil William Harvey deduced the circulation of blood.

In his Tabulae Pictae, now kept in the Marciana Library in Venice, Fabricius described the cerebral fissure separating the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.[8] However, Fabricius' discovery was not recognized until recently. Instead, Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin credits Franciscus Sylvius with the discovery, and Bartholin's son Thomas named it the Sylvian fissure in the 1641 edition of the textbook Institutiones anatomicae.[9]

The Bursa Fabricii (the site of hematopoiesis in birds) is named after Fabricius. A manuscript entitled De Formatione Ovi et Pulli, found among his lecture notes after his death, was published in 1621. It contains the first description of the bursa.[10]

Fabricius contributed much to the field of surgery. Though he never actually performed a tracheotomy, his writings include descriptions of the surgical technique. He favored using a vertical incision and was the first to introduce the idea of a tracheostomy tube. This was a straight, short cannula that incorporated wings to prevent the tube from disappearing into the trachea. He recommended the operation only as a last resort, to be used in cases of airway obstruction by foreign bodies or secretions. Fabricius' description of the tracheotomy procedure is similar to that used today.

Julius Casserius published his own writings regarding technique and equipment for tracheotomy.[5] Casserius recommended using a curved silver tube with several holes in it. Marco Aurelio Severino (1580–1656), a skilful surgeon and anatomist, performed at least one tracheotomy during a diphtheria epidemic in Naples in 1610, using the vertical incision technique recommended by Fabricius.[11]

Books Edit

  • Pentateuchos chirurgicum (1592).
  • De Visione, Voce, Auditu. Venedig, Belzetta. 1600.
  • De formato foetu. 1600.
  • De Venarum Ostiolis. 1603
  • De brutorum loquela (1603)
  • De locutione et ejus instrumentis tractatus. 1603.
  • Tractatus anatomicus triplex quorum primus de oculo, visus organo. Secundus de aure, auditus organo. Tertius de laringe, vociis organo admirandam tradit historiam, actiones, utilitates magno labore ac studio (1613).
  • De musculi artificio: de ossium articulationibus (1614).
  • De respiratione et eius instrumentis, libri duo (1615).
  • De tumoribus (1615)
  • De gula, ventriculo, intestinis tractatus (1618).
  • De motu locali animalium secundum totum, nempe de gressu in genere (1618).
  • De totius animalis integumentis (1618)
  • De formatione Ovi et Pulli (posthum. publication 1621, but written before De formato foetu)[12]
  • Opera chirurgica. Quorum pars prior pentatheucum chirurgicum, posterior operationes chirurgicas continet ... Accesserunt Instrumentorum, quae partim autori, partim alii recens invenere, accurata delineatio. Item, De abusu cucurbitularum in febribus putridis dissertatio, e Musaeo ejusdem (posthum 1623).
  • Tractatus De respiratione & eius instrumentis. Ventriculo intestinis, & gula. Motu locali animalium, secundum totum. Musculi artificio, & ossium dearticulationibus (posthum 1625).

See also Edit

 
The Oplomochlion, an orthopedic exoskeleton designed by Fabricius. In: Operationes chirurgicae, 1672

References Edit

  1. ^ Westfall, Richard S. "Fabrici [Fabricius, Fabrizi], Girolamo". The Galileo Project. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
  2. ^ Hieronymus (Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente) Fabricius at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  3. ^ a b Sean B. Smith; Veronica Macchi; Anna Parenti; Raffaele De Caro (2004). "Hieronymous Fabricius Ab Acquapendente (1533–1619)". Clinical Anatomy. 17 (7): 540–543. doi:10.1002/ca.20022. PMID 15376290. S2CID 74432738.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  5. ^ a b c Julius Casserius (Giulio Casserio) and Daniel Bucretius (1632). Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX … Daniel Bucretius … XX. que deerant supplevit & omnium explicationes addidit (in Latin). Francofurti: Impensis & coelo Matthaei Meriani. Retrieved 3 September 2010.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ Zylberman, Nicolas (2022). "Anselme Boece de Boodt, 1550 – 1632, gemmologue praticien. De Bruges à Prague, itinéraire européen d'un humaniste - 1ère partie". Ikuska. 53: 53 – via Academia.
  7. ^ AH, Scultetus; JL, Villavicencio; NM, Rich (February 2001). "Facts and fiction surrounding the discovery of the venous valves". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 33 (2): 435–441. doi:10.1067/mva.2001.109772. ISSN 0741-5214. PMID 11174802. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  8. ^ Collice, M; Collice, R; Riva, A (2008). "Who discovered the sylvian fissure?". Neurosurgery. 63 (4): 623–628. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000327693.86093.3F. PMID 18981875. S2CID 207140931.
  9. ^ Bartholini, Caspar (1641). Bartholin, Thomas (ed.). Institutiones anatomicae, novis recentiorum opinionibus and observationibus quarum innumerae hactenus editae non sunt, figurisque auctae ab auctoris filio Thoma Bartholino (in Latin). Lugdunum Batavorum: Apud Franciscum Hackium.
  10. ^ Adelman, HB (1967). The Embryological Treatises of Hieronymus Fabricius of Aquapendente: The Formation of the Egg and of the Chick (De Formatione Ovi et Pulli), The Formed Fetus (De Formato Foetu). Vol. 1. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 147–191. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  11. ^ Armytage, WHG (1960). "Giambattista Della Porta and the segreti". British Medical Journal. 1 (5179): 1129–1130. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5179.1129. PMC 1966956.
  12. ^ Gilson, Hilary (30 September 2008). "De Formatione Ovi et Pulli (1621), by Girolamo Fabrici". The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2018-04-14.

Further reading Edit

  • Smith, Sean B. (2006). "From Ars to Scientia: the revolution of anatomic illustration". Clinical Anatomy. 19 (4): 382–8. doi:10.1002/ca.20307. PMID 16570293. S2CID 24706560.
  • Antonello, A.; Bonfante, L.; Bordin, V.; Calò, L.; Favaro, S.; Rippa-Bonati, M.; D'Angelo, A. (1997). "The Bursa of Hieronymus Fabrici d'Acquapendente: Past and Present of an Anatomical Structure". American Journal of Nephrology. 17 (3–4): 248–51. doi:10.1159/000169109. PMID 9189242.
  • Glick, Bruce (1991). "Historical perspective: the bursa of Fabricius and its influence on B-cell development, past and present". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 30 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1016/0165-2427(91)90003-U. PMID 1781155.
  • Brandt, L; Goerig, M (1986). "Die Geschichte der Tracheotomie. I" [The history of tracheotomy. I]. Der Anaesthesist. 35 (5): 279–83. PMID 3526969.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Girolamo Fabrici.

September 02, 2023
hieronymus, fabricius, girolamo, fabrici, acquapendente, also, known, girolamo, fabrizio, 1533, 1619, pioneering, anatomist, surgeon, known, medical, science, father, embryology, girolamo, fabrizi, acquapendenteborn20, 1533acquapendentedied21, 1619, 1619, aged. Girolamo Fabrici d Acquapendente also known as Girolamo Fabrizio or Hieronymus Fabricius 20 May 1533 21 May 1619 was a pioneering anatomist and surgeon known in medical science as The Father of Embryology Hieronymus FabriciusGirolamo Fabrizi d AcquapendenteBorn20 May 1533AcquapendenteDied21 May 1619 1619 05 22 aged 86 PaduaNationalityItalianEducationUniversity of Padua M D 1559 Scientific careerFieldsAnatomyInstitutionsUniversity of PaduaDoctoral advisorGabriele FalloppioDoctoral studentsWilliam HarveyAdriaan van den SpiegelJohannes HeurniusJan JeseniusThe 1600 depiction of the Sylvian fissure in top right side in Fabricius s Tabulae Pictae 112 10 Contents 1 Life and accomplishments 2 Books 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksLife and accomplishments EditBorn in Acquapendente Latium Fabricius studied at the University of Padua receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1559 under the guidance of Gabriele Falloppio He was a private teacher of anatomy in Padua 1562 1565 1 2 and in 1565 became professor of surgery and anatomy at the university succeeding Falloppio 3 4 In 1594 he revolutionized the teaching of anatomy when he designed the first permanent theater for public anatomical dissections 3 Julius Casserius 1552 1616 of Piacenza was among Fabricius students 5 Anselmus Boetius de Boodt 1550 1632 also received his lessons there in 1586 6 William Harvey 1578 1657 and Adriaan van den Spiegel 1578 1625 also studied under Fabricius beginning around 1598 Julius Casserius would later succeed Fabricius as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua in 1604 and Adriaan van den Spiegel succeeded Casserius in that position in 1615 5 By dissecting animals Fabricius investigated the formation of the fetus the structure of the esophagus stomach and intestines and the peculiarities of the eye the ear and the larynx He rediscovered the membranous folds that he called valves in the interior of veins though they were first described by Charles Estienne in 1545 Fabricius rediscovered them in 1574 and was the first to fully describe them including their function in 1603 7 These valves are now understood to prevent retrograde flow of blood within the veins thus facilitating antegrade flow of blood towards the heart though Fabricius did not understand their role at that time His pupil William Harvey deduced the circulation of blood In his Tabulae Pictae now kept in the Marciana Library in Venice Fabricius described the cerebral fissure separating the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe 8 However Fabricius discovery was not recognized until recently Instead Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin credits Franciscus Sylvius with the discovery and Bartholin s son Thomas named it the Sylvian fissure in the 1641 edition of the textbook Institutiones anatomicae 9 The Bursa Fabricii the site of hematopoiesis in birds is named after Fabricius A manuscript entitled De Formatione Ovi et Pulli found among his lecture notes after his death was published in 1621 It contains the first description of the bursa 10 Fabricius contributed much to the field of surgery Though he never actually performed a tracheotomy his writings include descriptions of the surgical technique He favored using a vertical incision and was the first to introduce the idea of a tracheostomy tube This was a straight short cannula that incorporated wings to prevent the tube from disappearing into the trachea He recommended the operation only as a last resort to be used in cases of airway obstruction by foreign bodies or secretions Fabricius description of the tracheotomy procedure is similar to that used today Julius Casserius published his own writings regarding technique and equipment for tracheotomy 5 Casserius recommended using a curved silver tube with several holes in it Marco Aurelio Severino 1580 1656 a skilful surgeon and anatomist performed at least one tracheotomy during a diphtheria epidemic in Naples in 1610 using the vertical incision technique recommended by Fabricius 11 Books EditPentateuchos chirurgicum 1592 De Visione Voce Auditu Venedig Belzetta 1600 De formato foetu 1600 De Venarum Ostiolis 1603 De brutorum loquela 1603 De locutione et ejus instrumentis tractatus 1603 Tractatus anatomicus triplex quorum primus de oculo visus organo Secundus de aure auditus organo Tertius de laringe vociis organo admirandam tradit historiam actiones utilitates magno labore ac studio 1613 De musculi artificio de ossium articulationibus 1614 De respiratione et eius instrumentis libri duo 1615 De tumoribus 1615 De gula ventriculo intestinis tractatus 1618 De motu locali animalium secundum totum nempe de gressu in genere 1618 De totius animalis integumentis 1618 De formatione Ovi et Pulli posthum publication 1621 but written before De formato foetu 12 Opera chirurgica Quorum pars prior pentatheucum chirurgicum posterior operationes chirurgicas continet Accesserunt Instrumentorum quae partim autori partim alii recens invenere accurata delineatio Item De abusu cucurbitularum in febribus putridis dissertatio e Musaeo ejusdem posthum 1623 Tractatus De respiratione amp eius instrumentis Ventriculo intestinis amp gula Motu locali animalium secundum totum Musculi artificio amp ossium dearticulationibus posthum 1625 See also Edit nbsp The Oplomochlion an orthopedic exoskeleton designed by Fabricius In Operationes chirurgicae 1672Anatomical Theatre of Padua Andreas Vesalius GalenReferences Edit Westfall Richard S Fabrici Fabricius Fabrizi Girolamo The Galileo Project Retrieved 2018 04 14 Hieronymus Girolamo Fabrici d Acquapendente Fabricius at the Mathematics Genealogy Project a b Sean B Smith Veronica Macchi Anna Parenti Raffaele De Caro 2004 Hieronymous Fabricius Ab Acquapendente 1533 1619 Clinical Anatomy 17 7 540 543 doi 10 1002 ca 20022 PMID 15376290 S2CID 74432738 Fabricius Geronimo Latinized name of Girolamo Fabrizio Archived from the original on 2011 06 06 Retrieved 2010 05 25 a b c Julius Casserius Giulio Casserio and Daniel Bucretius 1632 Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX Daniel Bucretius XX que deerant supplevit amp omnium explicationes addidit in Latin Francofurti Impensis amp coelo Matthaei Meriani Retrieved 3 September 2010 permanent dead link Zylberman Nicolas 2022 Anselme Boece de Boodt 1550 1632 gemmologue praticien De Bruges a Prague itineraire europeen d un humaniste 1ere partie Ikuska 53 53 via Academia AH Scultetus JL Villavicencio NM Rich February 2001 Facts and fiction surrounding the discovery of the venous valves Journal of Vascular Surgery 33 2 435 441 doi 10 1067 mva 2001 109772 ISSN 0741 5214 PMID 11174802 Retrieved 2 March 2023 Collice M Collice R Riva A 2008 Who discovered the sylvian fissure Neurosurgery 63 4 623 628 doi 10 1227 01 NEU 0000327693 86093 3F PMID 18981875 S2CID 207140931 Bartholini Caspar 1641 Bartholin Thomas ed Institutiones anatomicae novis recentiorum opinionibus and observationibus quarum innumerae hactenus editae non sunt figurisque auctae ab auctoris filio Thoma Bartholino in Latin Lugdunum Batavorum Apud Franciscum Hackium Adelman HB 1967 The Embryological Treatises of Hieronymus Fabricius of Aquapendente The Formation of the Egg and of the Chick De Formatione Ovi et Pulli The Formed Fetus De Formato Foetu Vol 1 Ithaca New York Cornell University Press pp 147 191 Retrieved 2 September 2010 Armytage WHG 1960 Giambattista Della Porta and the segreti British Medical Journal 1 5179 1129 1130 doi 10 1136 bmj 1 5179 1129 PMC 1966956 Gilson Hilary 30 September 2008 De Formatione Ovi et Pulli 1621 by Girolamo Fabrici The Embryo Project Encyclopedia Retrieved 2018 04 14 Further reading EditSmith Sean B 2006 From Ars to Scientia the revolution of anatomic illustration Clinical Anatomy 19 4 382 8 doi 10 1002 ca 20307 PMID 16570293 S2CID 24706560 Antonello A Bonfante L Bordin V Calo L Favaro S Rippa Bonati M D Angelo A 1997 The Bursa of Hieronymus Fabrici d Acquapendente Past and Present of an Anatomical Structure American Journal of Nephrology 17 3 4 248 51 doi 10 1159 000169109 PMID 9189242 Glick Bruce 1991 Historical perspective the bursa of Fabricius and its influence on B cell development past and present Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 30 1 3 12 doi 10 1016 0165 2427 91 90003 U PMID 1781155 Brandt L Goerig M 1986 Die Geschichte der Tracheotomie I The history of tracheotomy I Der Anaesthesist 35 5 279 83 PMID 3526969 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Girolamo Fabrici Muccillo Maria 1993 FABRICI d Acquapendente Girolamo Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 43 Enzo Fabrizi in Italian Rome Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana ISBN 978 8 81200032 6 Some places and memories of Hieronymus Fabricius The History of Medicine Topographical Database HIMETOP n d Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hieronymus Fabricius amp oldid 1170047627, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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