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Georges Charpak

January 01, 1970

Georges Charpak (French: [ʃaʁpak]; born Jerzy Charpak, (1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.[1][2][3]

Georges Charpak
Born(1924-08-01)1 August 1924
Dąbrowica, Poland
(present day Ukraine)
Died29 September 2010(2010-09-29) (aged 86)
Paris, France
NationalityPolish-Jewish
French
CitizenshipFrench
Alma materÉcole des Mines
Collège de France
Known forMegawatts and Megatons
MicroMegas detector
Multiwire proportional chamber
SpouseDominique Vidal (m. 1953; 3 children)
AwardsNobel Prize in Physics (1992)
High Energy and Particle Physics Prize (1989)
Prix Jean Ricard (1973)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics

Life edit

Georges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924[4] as Jerzy Charpak to Jewish parents, Anna (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (now Dubrovytsia in Ukraine). Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old, beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the Lycée Saint Louis.[5] The actor and film director André Charpak was his younger brother.

During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945.

After classes préparatoires studies at Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and later at Lycée Joffre in Montpellier,[6] he joined in 1945 the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of Civil Engineer of Mines (Ingénieur Civil des Mines equivalent to a Master's degree) becoming a pupil in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie at the Collège de France during 1949,[5][7] the year after Curie had directed construction of the first atomic pile within France.[8] While at the Collège, Charpak secured a research position[5] for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954[9] in nuclear physics at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very-low-energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei (Charpak & Suzor).[5][10]

In 1959, he joined the staff of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, where he invented and developed[11] the multiwire proportional chamber. The chamber was patented and that quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing.[12][13] This new creation had been made public during 1968.[14] Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s.[15] He eventually retired from CERN in 1991. In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris (ESPCI) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984. This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics. He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biolab arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with Mathias Fink. He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences on 20 May 1985.

Georges Charpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles (ESPCI) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize, as of 2020. In 1999, Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[16]

In France, Charpak was a very strong advocate for nuclear power. Charpak was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[17]

Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953. They had three children.[18] The pediatrician Nathalie Charpak (born 1955) is his daughter.

Charpak died on 29 September 2010, in Paris, at the age of 86.

Publications edit

Books edit

  • La vie à fil tendu, co-authored with Dominique Saudinos (1993 Odile Jacob, ISBN 2-7381-0214-X)
  • Devenez sorciers, devenez savants, co-authored with Henri Broch (Odile Jacob, ISBN 90-5814-005-9). Published in English as "Debunked!" by the Johns Hopkins University Press.

Technical reports edit

  • Charpak, G. & M. Gourdin. "The K0K0 System", European Organization for Nuclear Research, Paris University, (July 11, 1967).
  • Charpak, G. "Evolution of Some Particle Detectors Based On the Discharge in Gases", European Organization for Nuclear Research, (November 19, 1969).
  • Charpak, G.; Sauli, F. (1973). "High-accuracy, two-dimensional read-out in multiwire proportional chambers". Nuclear Instruments and Methods. 113 (3): 381–385. Bibcode:1973NucIM.113..381C. doi:10.1016/0029-554X(73)90503-X. OSTI 4364786.
  • Charpak, G.; Jeavons, A.; Sauli, F. & R. Stubbs, "High-Accuracy Measurements of the Centre of Gravity of Avalanches in Proportional Chambers", European Organization for Nuclear Research, (September 24, 1973).
  • Crittenden, J.A.; Hsiung, Y.B.; Kaplan, a.D.M.; Hubbard, J.R.; Mangeot, P.; Peisert, A.; Charpak, G.; Sauli, F.; Brown, C.N.; Childress, S.; et al. (1986). "Inclusive hadronic production cross sections measured in proton-nucleus collisions at √s = 27. 4 GeV". Physical Review D. 34 (9): 2584–2600. Bibcode:1986PhRvD..34.2584C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.34.2584. OSTI 7244218. PMID 9957451.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Earth Times | News and Information about Environmental Issues". earthtimes.org. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  2. ^ Giomataris, I. (2010). "Georges Charpak (1924–2010)". Nature. 467 (7319): 1048. Bibcode:2010Natur.467.1048G. doi:10.1038/4671048a. PMID 20981084.
  3. ^ "Georges Charpak: Nobel Physics Prize 1992". CERN Courier. 32 (10): 1–6. December 1992. Archived from the original on 2015-03-10.
  4. ^ "Georges Charpak: Facts"
  5. ^ a b c d CERN . CERN. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  6. ^ "Tribulations d'un immigré d'Europe centrale, Georges Charpak" 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine on Lycée Joffre website (in French)
  7. ^ Charpak, Georges (1995). Research on Particle Imaging Detectors. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-1902-4.
  8. ^ "Frédéric Joliot - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 29 Jan 2012 + [ atomic pile = fi 2012-01-26 at the Wayback Machine + anl 2012-02-18 at the Wayback Machine + us[dead link] ]
  9. ^ Charpak, G.; Suzor, F. (1954-05-01). "Étude expérimentale des électrons de l'atome résiduel éjectés de leurs orbites lors de la désintégration de 32P". Journal de Physique et le Radium (in French). 15 (5): 378–380. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:01954001505037802. OSTI 4395224.
  10. ^ Suzor, F.; Charpak, G. (1959). "Étude des électrons et des raies X d'autoionisation émis simultanément avec le rayonnement β du prometheum 147" (PDF). Journal de Physique et le Radium (in French). 20 (6): 647–648. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:01959002006064700.
  11. ^ Bouclier, R.; Charpak, G.; Dimčovski, Z.; Fischer, G.; Sauli, F.; Coignet, G.; Flügge, G. (1970). "Investigation of some properties of multiwire proportional chambers". Nuclear Instruments and Methods. 88 (1): 149–161. Bibcode:1970NucIM..88..149B. doi:10.1016/0029-554X(70)90872-4.
  12. ^ Giomataris, Ioannis (December 2010). "Georges Charpak-a true man of science". CERN Courier. 50 (10): 33–36.
  13. ^ Catapano, Paola (March 2009). "Georges Charpak: hardwired for science". CERN Courier. 42 (2): 24–28.
  14. ^ "Milestones:CERN Experimental Instrumentation, 1968". ETHW. 2015-12-31. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  15. ^ Aprile, Elena; Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Bolozdynya, Alexander I.; Doke, Tadayoshi (2007-02-27). Noble Gas Detectors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-3-527-60963-5.
  16. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  17. ^ "Board of Sponsors". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  18. ^ Maugh II, Thomas H. (October 8, 2010). "Georges Charpak dies at 86; French physicist won Nobel Prize". Los Angeles Times.

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Georges Charpak.
  • Georges Charpak on Nobelprize.org   including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1992 Electronic Imaging of Ionizing Radiation with Limited Avalanches in Gases
  • Georges Charpak on nobel-winners.com
  • Georges Charpak on INSPIRE-HEP  
  • Georges Charpak, Nobel Luminaries Project, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot

January 01, 1970
georges, charpak, french, ʃaʁpak, born, jerzy, charpak, august, 1924, september, 2010, polish, born, french, physicist, awarded, nobel, prize, physics, 1992, born, 1924, august, 1924dąbrowica, poland, present, ukraine, died29, september, 2010, 2010, aged, pari. Georges Charpak French ʃaʁpak born Jerzy Charpak 1 August 1924 29 September 2010 was a Polish born French physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 1 2 3 Georges CharpakBorn 1924 08 01 1 August 1924Dabrowica Poland present day Ukraine Died29 September 2010 2010 09 29 aged 86 Paris FranceNationalityPolish JewishFrenchCitizenshipFrenchAlma materEcole des MinesCollege de FranceKnown forMegawatts and MegatonsMicroMegas detectorMultiwire proportional chamberSpouseDominique Vidal m 1953 3 children AwardsNobel Prize in Physics 1992 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize 1989 Prix Jean Ricard 1973 Scientific careerFieldsPhysics Contents 1 Life 2 Publications 2 1 Books 2 2 Technical reports 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksLife editGeorges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924 4 as Jerzy Charpak to Jewish parents Anna Szapiro and Maurice Charpak in the village of Dabrowica in Poland now Dubrovytsia in Ukraine Charpak s family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the Lycee Saint Louis 5 The actor and film director Andre Charpak was his younger brother During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943 In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945 After classes preparatoires studies at Lycee Saint Louis in Paris and later at Lycee Joffre in Montpellier 6 he joined in 1945 the Paris based Ecole des Mines one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France The following year he became a naturalized French citizen He graduated in 1948 earning the French degree of Civil Engineer of Mines Ingenieur Civil des Mines equivalent to a Master s degree becoming a pupil in the laboratory of Frederic Joliot Curie at the College de France during 1949 5 7 the year after Curie had directed construction of the first atomic pile within France 8 While at the College Charpak secured a research position 5 for the National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS He received his PhD in 1954 9 in nuclear physics at the College de France receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very low energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei Charpak amp Suzor 5 10 In 1959 he joined the staff of CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva where he invented and developed 11 the multiwire proportional chamber The chamber was patented and that quickly superseded the old bubble chambers allowing for better data processing 12 13 This new creation had been made public during 1968 14 Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s 15 He eventually retired from CERN in 1991 In 1980 Georges Charpak became professor in residence at Ecole superieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris ESPCI and held the Joliot Curie Chair there in 1984 This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented most notably for enabling better health diagnostics He was the co founder of a number of start up in the biolab arena including Molecular Engines Laboratories Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine together with Mathias Fink He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences on 20 May 1985 Georges Charpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber with affiliations to both Ecole superieure de physique et de chimie industrielles ESPCI and CERN This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize as of 2020 In 1999 Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement 16 In France Charpak was a very strong advocate for nuclear power Charpak was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 17 Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953 They had three children 18 The pediatrician Nathalie Charpak born 1955 is his daughter Charpak died on 29 September 2010 in Paris at the age of 86 Publications editBooks edit La vie a fil tendu co authored with Dominique Saudinos 1993 Odile Jacob ISBN 2 7381 0214 X Devenez sorciers devenez savants co authored with Henri Broch Odile Jacob ISBN 90 5814 005 9 Published in English as Debunked by the Johns Hopkins University Press Technical reports edit Charpak G amp M Gourdin The K0K 0 System European Organization for Nuclear Research Paris University July 11 1967 Charpak G Evolution of Some Particle Detectors Based On the Discharge in Gases European Organization for Nuclear Research November 19 1969 Charpak G Sauli F 1973 High accuracy two dimensional read out in multiwire proportional chambers Nuclear Instruments and Methods 113 3 381 385 Bibcode 1973NucIM 113 381C doi 10 1016 0029 554X 73 90503 X OSTI 4364786 Charpak G Jeavons A Sauli F amp R Stubbs High Accuracy Measurements of the Centre of Gravity of Avalanches in Proportional Chambers European Organization for Nuclear Research September 24 1973 Crittenden J A Hsiung Y B Kaplan a D M Hubbard J R Mangeot P Peisert A Charpak G Sauli F Brown C N Childress S et al 1986 Inclusive hadronic production cross sections measured in proton nucleus collisions at s 27 4 GeV Physical Review D 34 9 2584 2600 Bibcode 1986PhRvD 34 2584C doi 10 1103 PhysRevD 34 2584 OSTI 7244218 PMID 9957451 See also editList of Jewish Nobel laureatesReferences edit Earth Times News and Information about Environmental Issues earthtimes org Retrieved 2023 04 09 Giomataris I 2010 Georges Charpak 1924 2010 Nature 467 7319 1048 Bibcode 2010Natur 467 1048G doi 10 1038 4671048a PMID 20981084 Georges Charpak Nobel Physics Prize 1992 CERN Courier 32 10 1 6 December 1992 Archived from the original on 2015 03 10 Georges Charpak Facts a b c d CERN Scientific Information Service Archive CERN Archived from the original on 2012 02 14 Retrieved 2012 01 29 Tribulations d un immigre d Europe centrale Georges Charpak Archived 2012 03 24 at the Wayback Machine on Lycee Joffre website in French Charpak Georges 1995 Research on Particle Imaging Detectors World Scientific ISBN 978 981 02 1902 4 Frederic Joliot Biography Nobelprize org 29 Jan 2012 atomic pile fi Archived 2012 01 26 at the Wayback Machine anl Archived 2012 02 18 at the Wayback Machine us dead link Charpak G Suzor F 1954 05 01 Etude experimentale des electrons de l atome residuel ejectes de leurs orbites lors de la desintegration de 32P Journal de Physique et le Radium in French 15 5 378 380 doi 10 1051 jphysrad 01954001505037802 OSTI 4395224 Suzor F Charpak G 1959 Etude des electrons et des raies X d autoionisation emis simultanement avec le rayonnement b du prometheum 147 PDF Journal de Physique et le Radium in French 20 6 647 648 doi 10 1051 jphysrad 01959002006064700 Bouclier R Charpak G Dimcovski Z Fischer G Sauli F Coignet G Flugge G 1970 Investigation of some properties of multiwire proportional chambers Nuclear Instruments and Methods 88 1 149 161 Bibcode 1970NucIM 88 149B doi 10 1016 0029 554X 70 90872 4 Giomataris Ioannis December 2010 Georges Charpak a true man of science CERN Courier 50 10 33 36 Catapano Paola March 2009 Georges Charpak hardwired for science CERN Courier 42 2 24 28 Milestones CERN Experimental Instrumentation 1968 ETHW 2015 12 31 Retrieved 2023 04 09 Aprile Elena Bolotnikov Aleksey E Bolozdynya Alexander I Doke Tadayoshi 2007 02 27 Noble Gas Detectors John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 3 527 60963 5 Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement www achievement org American Academy of Achievement Board of Sponsors Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Retrieved 2023 04 09 Maugh II Thomas H October 8 2010 Georges Charpak dies at 86 French physicist won Nobel Prize Los Angeles Times External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Georges Charpak Georges Charpak on Nobelprize org nbsp including the Nobel Lecture December 8 1992 Electronic Imaging of Ionizing Radiation with Limited Avalanches in Gases Georges Charpak on nobel winners com Georges Charpak U S Patents Georges Charpak on INSPIRE HEP nbsp Georges Charpak Nobel Luminaries Project The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Georges Charpak amp oldid 1213608581, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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