As of 2000[update] there were about 256 species in this genus. They are herbs that occur in alpine and arctic habitat types. They are distributed in the Americas, Eurasia, northern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.[2]
Gentianella-species grow as one- to two-year-old or more rarely perennial herbaceous plants. The stem leaves are arranged cross-wise or more rarely whorled in ground leaf rosettes or distributed on the stem. The leaf blades are simple. Plants range from 3–100 cm in height.
The four or five sepals have grown together. There is no connective skin in the calyx (unlike many in the Gentian family). The four or five sepals are fused in a tubular or funnel shape, but unlike with many Gentiana-types, no fold-flaps (plicae) are present between the corolla-tips. Appendages may be absent or present as fringed scales at the corolla-leaf-base. There are nectaries at the base of the corolla tube, the length of which varies considerably, and which is variously colored. Some have a ring of vascularized or non-vascularized fimbriae in the corolla throat. There is only one circle with four or five stamens, which are inserted at the corolla tube and do not protrude from it. The stylus is short to absent.
The two-lobed capsule (fruit) contains many seeds with a smooth to warty surface.
DistributionEdit
Most Gentianella'-species are native to South America. In addition, species occur in the Temperate Zones of New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe, North America and northwestern Africa.
TaxonomyEdit
The genus Gentianella was introduced in 1794 by Conrad Moench in Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis : a staminum situ describendi. The genus name Gentianella is a diminutive and means directly translated "Little Gentian". synonym for Gentianella (Moench) are: Aliopsis (Omer & Qaiser), Aloitis (Raf.), Arctogentia (Á. Löve), Chionogentias (L.G.Adams), Parajaeschkea (Burkill), Pitygentias (Gilg), Selatium (G. Don).
The genus Gentianella belongs to the subtribe Swertiinae from the tribe Gentianeae within the family of Gentians (Gentianaceae).
In the past, Gentianella were added to the genus gentians (Gentiana), but these two genera belong to different subtribe today. The clearest distinguishing feature is that in all Gentianella species native to Central Europe, a fringed scale supplied with guide bundles per each petal tip is present in the throat of the corolla. This resembles a wreath (which is why it is called "wreath gentian" in German).
Also, Gentianopsis with their fringed corolla-ends and hair-ends ('Comastoma') which are likewise fringed, but have anatomically differently constructed pharyngeal scales, were later separated of the Gentinellas.
ReferencesEdit
^Gentianella. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
^von Hagen, K. B., & Kadereit, J. W. (2001). The phylogeny of Gentianella (Gentianaceae) and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 1(1), 61-79.
^Flora of China @ efloras.org (n.d.). "Gentianella in". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
External linksEdit
Media related to Gentianella at Wikimedia Commons
This Gentianales-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
gentianella, plant, genus, gentian, family, gentianaceae, plants, this, genus, known, commonly, dwarf, gentians, asperascientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesclade, angiospermsclade, eudicotsclade, asteridsorder, gentianalesfamily, genti. Gentianella is a plant genus in the gentian family Gentianaceae Plants of this genus are known commonly as dwarf gentians 1 GentianellaGentianella asperaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder GentianalesFamily GentianaceaeTribe GentianeaeSubtribe SwertiinaeGenus GentianellaMoenchSpeciesSee textAs of 2000 update there were about 256 species in this genus They are herbs that occur in alpine and arctic habitat types They are distributed in the Americas Eurasia northern Africa Australia and New Zealand 2 Contents 1 Selected species 2 Description 2 1 Vegetative characteristics 2 2 Generative characteristics 3 Distribution 4 Taxonomy 5 References 6 External linksSelected species EditGentianella alborosea Hercampuri Peru Gentianella amarella Autumn gentian felwort Northern Europe United States Canada Gentianella anglica Early gentian Great Britain Gentianella androsacea Ecuador Gentianella anisodonta Europe Austria Switzerland Italy Slovenia Croatia and Turkey Gentianella antarctica Gentianella arenaria Peru Gentianella arenarioides Peru Gentianella armerioides Peru Gentianella auriculata Gentianella austriaca Eastern Switzerland Austria Gentianella aspera Austria Gentianella barringtonensis Barrington snow gentian New South Wales Gentianella bellidifolia New Zealand Gentianella bicolor Peru Gentianella brunneotincta Peru Gentianella bulgarica Gentianella bussmannii Peru Gentianella calanchoides Peru Gentianella calcarea Peru Gentianella campanuliformis Peru Gentianella campestris Field gentian northern central and southern Europe Gentianella canoi Peru Gentianella carneorubra Peru Gentianella centamalensis Peru Gentianella cerastioides Ecuador Gentianella cerina Giant gentian New Zealand Gentianella cernua Ecuador Gentianella cerrateae Peru Gentianella chamuchui Peru Gentianella chlorantha Peru Gentianella ciliata Fringed gentian Gentianella concinna New Zealand Gentianella crassulifolia Ecuador Gentianella chrysosphaera Peru Gentianella fastigiata Ecuador Gentianella flaviflora Ecuador Gentianella foliosa Ecuador Gentianella fuscicaulis Ecuador Gentianella germanica Chiltern gentian German gentian UK and Europe Gentianella gilioides Ecuador Gentianella gracilis Ecuador Gentianella heterosepala Autumn gentian Gentianella hirculus Ecuador Gentianella hypericoides Ecuador Gentianella hyssopifolia Ecuador Gentianella jamesonii Ecuador Gentianella limoselloides Ecuador Gentianella longibarbata Ecuador Gentianella lutescens Europe Carpathians Gentianella microcalyx Gentianella montesinosii Peru Gentianella nitida Peru Gentianella oellgaardii Ecuador Gentianella patula Gentianella polyantha Ecuador Gentianella praecox Germany Austria Czech Republic and Poland Gentianella profusa Ecuador Gentianella propinqua Gentianella quechuana Bolivia Gentianella quipuscoana Peru Gentianella quinquefolia Agueweed eastern North America Gentianella rupicola Ecuador Gentianella saxifragoides Ecuador Gentianella scopulorum Charleston gentian Gentianella spenceri Gentianella splendens Ecuador Gentianella sulphurea Ecuador Gentianella tenella Slender gentian Gentianella tortuosa Gentianella uliginosa Dune gentian Europe Gentianella wayqecha Ecuador Gentianella weberbaueri Peru Gentianella weigendii Peru Gentianella wislizeni Mexico Gentianella wrightii MexicoDescription EditVegetative characteristics Edit Gentianella species grow as one to two year old or more rarely perennial herbaceous plants The stem leaves are arranged cross wise or more rarely whorled in ground leaf rosettes or distributed on the stem The leaf blades are simple Plants range from 3 100 cm in height Generative characteristics Edit Flowers end up individually or in a cymose inflorescence with double flower envelope The hermaphrodite flowers are 0 5 5 cm long have four or five petals with entire petal margins displaying radial symmetry They have one or two naked nectaries per petal lobe on the upper petal surface 3 The four or five sepals have grown together There is no connective skin in the calyx unlike many in the Gentian family The four or five sepals are fused in a tubular or funnel shape but unlike with many Gentiana types no fold flaps plicae are present between the corolla tips Appendages may be absent or present as fringed scales at the corolla leaf base There are nectaries at the base of the corolla tube the length of which varies considerably and which is variously colored Some have a ring of vascularized or non vascularized fimbriae in the corolla throat There is only one circle with four or five stamens which are inserted at the corolla tube and do not protrude from it The stylus is short to absent The two lobed capsule fruit contains many seeds with a smooth to warty surface Distribution EditMost Gentianella species are native to South America In addition species occur in the Temperate Zones of New Zealand Australia Asia Europe North America and northwestern Africa Taxonomy EditThe genus Gentianella was introduced in 1794 by Conrad Moench in Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis a staminum situ describendi The genus name Gentianella is a diminutive and means directly translated Little Gentian synonym for Gentianella Moench are Aliopsis Omer amp Qaiser Aloitis Raf Arctogentia A Love Chionogentias L G Adams Parajaeschkea Burkill Pitygentias Gilg Selatium G Don The genus Gentianella belongs to the subtribe Swertiinae from the tribe Gentianeae within the family of Gentians Gentianaceae In the past Gentianella were added to the genus gentians Gentiana but these two genera belong to different subtribe today The clearest distinguishing feature is that in all Gentianella species native to Central Europe a fringed scale supplied with guide bundles per each petal tip is present in the throat of the corolla This resembles a wreath which is why it is called wreath gentian in German Also Gentianopsis with their fringed corolla ends and hair ends Comastoma which are likewise fringed but have anatomically differently constructed pharyngeal scales were later separated of the Gentinellas References Edit Gentianella Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS von Hagen K B amp Kadereit J W 2001 The phylogeny of Gentianella Gentianaceae and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation Organisms Diversity amp Evolution 1 1 61 79 Flora of China efloras org n d Gentianella in www efloras org Retrieved 2021 11 03 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Gentianella at Wikimedia Commons nbsp This Gentianales related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gentianella amp oldid 1180288778, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
