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Galician nationalism

April 12, 2024

Galician nationalism is a form of nationalism found mostly in Galicia, which asserts that Galicians are a nation and that promotes the cultural unity of Galicians. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.

Socialist Nationalist Galician flag, also called Bandeira da Pátria or Estreleira
Galicia within the Iberian peninsula.
Map of Galician Comarcas (shires)
Roadsign at the Galician-Portuguese border where Espanha não é Galiza ("Spain is not Galicia") can be read

Ideology edit

Historians, geographers and ethnologists recognize the existence of a Galician ethnic group, forming a singular unit in a specific territory.[1][failed verification] However, this is a wide conceptualization that in political terms allows many possible variants. Inside Galician nationalism two main ideological currents can be found:

Both autonomists and "independentists" have points in common, such as the defence and promotion of Galician culture and language, with some defending reintegrationism with Northern Portugal and language. Both also argue for the official and unequivocal recognition of Galicia as a nation and the defense of Galician speakers outside administrative Galician territory, in Galician-speaking areas of the Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and León (Galicia irredenta).

It is often considered that the ideological framework of contemporary Galician nationalism was set in Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao's key work Sempre em Galiza (lit. "Always in Galicia"), published in 1944.

Political nationalism in society edit

Galician nationalist candidates received 19% of the vote in the elections of 2005 and 16% in 2009.

From 2005 to 2009 Galicia was ruled by a coalition government between the Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG-PSOE) and the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). Unlike in other Spanish autonomous communities the conservative and pro-Spanish People's Party of Galicia (PPdeG) includes Galicianism as one of its ideological principles.[2] Even the Spanish Socialist Party has a quite strong regional flavour in Galicia.[3][4] This issue somehow explains electoral behaviour in Galicia and why nationalist parties have a reduced representation when compared to Catalonia and the Basque Country, as voters in Galicia may choose to go for Spanish parties promoting Galicianism depending on the circumstances. Spanish parties in Catalonia and the Basque Country do not have such a strong regional identity, but the Socialist Party in Catalonia has recently incorporated nationalist elements in its political discourse.

A possible explanation for this political behaviour in pro-Spanish parties is that Galician identity is so embedded in Galicians that any political party willing to participate in elections must at least show some degree of interest in the promotion of Galicianism, but how it is done may vary greatly.

The Galician Nationalist Bloc is itself a coalition of parties, which endorse independence, but not all individual members and parallel organizations within it support that idea.[5] At present, BNG claims for sovereignty and independence, both political and economic. Other nationalist parties stand for outright independence, and until recently they only had representatives in local councils and not in the Galician Parliament. In the 2012 election the newly formed Galician Left Alternative, which includes pro-independence groups, overtook the BNG in Parliament, winning 9 seats.

The present Galician Statute of Autonomy (1981) defines Galicia as a nationality. The Galician Government is currently drafting a new Statute of Autonomy where Galicia will most probably be defined as a nation (with declaratory but not legal value).[6]

Nationalist political parties and nationalist organizations edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Beramendi, J. and Núñez Seixas, X.M. (1996): O nacionalismo galego, A Nosa Terra, Vigo.
  • Beswicj, J.E. (2007): Regional Nationalism in Spain: Language use and ethnic identity in Galicia, Multilingual Matters
  • García-Álvarez, J. (1998): "Substate nation-building and geographical representations of 'The Other' in Galicia, Spain (1860-1936)", in Finisterra, no. 33, issue 65, p. 117-128.
  • Fernández Baz, M.A., (2003): A formación do nacionalismo galego contemporáneo (1963-1984), Laiovento.
  • Núñez Seixas, X.M.(1993): Historiographical approaches to nationalism in Spain, Saarbrücken, Breitenbach.
  • Núñez Seixas, X.M.(1999): "Autonomist regionalism within the spanish state of the Autonomous Communities: an interpretation", in Nationalism & ethnic politics, vol. 5, no. 3-4, p. 121-141. Frank Cass, Ilford.
  • Rios Bergantinhos, N. (2002): A esquerda independentista galega (1977-1995), Abrente Editora, Compostela.
  • Rodríguez Polo, X.R. (2009): O triunfo do galeguismo. Opinión pública, partidos políticos e comportamento electoral na transición autonómica, Xerais, Vigo.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Map from Eurominority depicting European national minorities 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Facsimile discussing PP's galeguidade ("Galicianness"), by Frans Schrijver
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-02-05. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  4. ^ Galician President Pérez Touriño (PSdG) discussing Galicianism, from online newspaper Xornal.com
  5. ^
  6. ^ Discussion on the reform of the Statute. Official site hosted by the Parliament of Galicia September 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "¿Existe Resistencia Galega o es un bulo de Gobierno?".

External links edit

  • Causa Galiza, organization which seeks to co-ordinate all pro-independence political parties and organizations in a single front (in Galician)
  • Galiza Livre[permanent dead link], pro-independence news portal (in Galician)
  • (in Galician)
  • (in Spanish)
  • Eurominority (main site, in English and French)

April 12, 2024
galician, nationalism, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2012, learn, when, remove, this, template, me. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Galician nationalism is a form of nationalism found mostly in Galicia which asserts that Galicians are a nation and that promotes the cultural unity of Galicians The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism Socialist Nationalist Galician flag also called Bandeira da Patria or EstreleiraGalicia within the Iberian peninsula Map of Galician Comarcas shires Roadsign at the Galician Portuguese border where Espanha nao e Galiza Spain is not Galicia can be read Contents 1 Ideology 2 Political nationalism in society 3 Nationalist political parties and nationalist organizations 4 See also 5 References 6 Notes 7 External linksIdeology editHistorians geographers and ethnologists recognize the existence of a Galician ethnic group forming a singular unit in a specific territory 1 failed verification However this is a wide conceptualization that in political terms allows many possible variants Inside Galician nationalism two main ideological currents can be found Autonomist claims for an extended autonomy of Galicia further devolution and in occasions the transformation of Spain into a federal state where Galicia would eventually achieve self determination Pro independence campaigns for immediate and total independence from Spain and northern territories from Portugal Gallaecia Both autonomists and independentists have points in common such as the defence and promotion of Galician culture and language with some defending reintegrationism with Northern Portugal and language Both also argue for the official and unequivocal recognition of Galicia as a nation and the defense of Galician speakers outside administrative Galician territory in Galician speaking areas of the Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and Leon Galicia irredenta It is often considered that the ideological framework of contemporary Galician nationalism was set in Alfonso Daniel Rodriguez Castelao s key work Sempre em Galiza lit Always in Galicia published in 1944 Political nationalism in society editGalician nationalist candidates received 19 of the vote in the elections of 2005 and 16 in 2009 From 2005 to 2009 Galicia was ruled by a coalition government between the Socialists Party of Galicia PSdeG PSOE and the Galician Nationalist Bloc BNG Unlike in other Spanish autonomous communities the conservative and pro Spanish People s Party of Galicia PPdeG includes Galicianism as one of its ideological principles 2 Even the Spanish Socialist Party has a quite strong regional flavour in Galicia 3 4 This issue somehow explains electoral behaviour in Galicia and why nationalist parties have a reduced representation when compared to Catalonia and the Basque Country as voters in Galicia may choose to go for Spanish parties promoting Galicianism depending on the circumstances Spanish parties in Catalonia and the Basque Country do not have such a strong regional identity but the Socialist Party in Catalonia has recently incorporated nationalist elements in its political discourse A possible explanation for this political behaviour in pro Spanish parties is that Galician identity is so embedded in Galicians that any political party willing to participate in elections must at least show some degree of interest in the promotion of Galicianism but how it is done may vary greatly The Galician Nationalist Bloc is itself a coalition of parties which endorse independence but not all individual members and parallel organizations within it support that idea 5 At present BNG claims for sovereignty and independence both political and economic Other nationalist parties stand for outright independence and until recently they only had representatives in local councils and not in the Galician Parliament In the 2012 election the newly formed Galician Left Alternative which includes pro independence groups overtook the BNG in Parliament winning 9 seats The present Galician Statute of Autonomy 1981 defines Galicia as a nationality The Galician Government is currently drafting a new Statute of Autonomy where Galicia will most probably be defined as a nation with declaratory but not legal value 6 Nationalist political parties and nationalist organizations editGalician Nationalist Bloc BNG coalition of parties ranging from centrist to socialism and communism pro independence Galician People s Union UPG Communist pro independence Galician Movement for Socialism Socialist pro independence Abrente Galician Democratic Left Social democratic federalist Galiza Nova Young Galiza the main youth organization of the BNG Socialist Feminist pro independence Galician Youth Union Youth organization of the Galician People s Union Communist pro independence Isca Youth organization of the Galician Movement for Socialism Socialist Feminism pro independence Renewal Nationalist Brotherhood Socialism pro independence Galician People s Front FPG Leninism pro independence Encontro Irmandino EI Irmandino Gathering Direct democracy Alter globalization Anti capitalism pro independence Xeira Youth organization of the Galician People s Front Leninism pro independence Cerna direct democracy Anti capitalism pro independence Commitment to Galicia Social democratic federalist Mais Galiza More Galicia Social democratic federalist Accion Galega Galician Action Social liberalism federalist Galician Nationalist Party Galicianist Party PNG PG Centre to Centre left federalist Galician Nationalist Youth Youth organization of CxG Galician Left Alternative AGE Coalition of leftist parties created for the 2012 election including ANOVA Esquerda Unida Izquierda Unida and EQUO the former pro independence and the latter federalist Land Party Transversal Green politics Converxencia XXI CXXI Convergence XXI Liberal centre European federalist although not self proclaimed nationalists Terra Galega TeGa Galician Land Centre to Centre right federalist Galician Coalition CG Centre to Centre right federalist Partido Galeguista Democrata PGD Galicianist Democratic Party Centre right to Centre left federalist Galician Workers Front Socialism pro independence Nos Unidade Popular Nos UP Us People United Socialist Reintegrationist Primeira Linha Front Line Communist pro independence associated with Nos UP BRIGA Fight or Struggle Youth organization of Nos UP Communist pro independence feminist AGIR REACT Student organization of Nos Unidade Popular Communist pro independence Causa Galiza Cause Galiza Socialism pro independence Galician Convergence Centre to Centre right federalist Assembly of the Independentist Youth AMI Libertarian socialist pro independence feminist Espazo Ecosocialista Galego Galician Ecosocialist Space Ecosocialist federalism Confederacion Intersindical Galega Galician Union Confederacy main union in Galicia specially close to the BNG Anti capitalism pro independence Central Unitaria de Traballadores Workers Unitary Central union close to the Galician People s Front Anti capitalism pro independence Sindicato Labrego Galego Comisions Labregas Agrarian union Independent but close to Renewal Nationalist Brotherhood FRUGA Agrarian union close to the BNG Galician Student League Student union Independent but close to the Galician Movement for Socialism Anti capitalism feminism pro independence Comites Student union Close to Galiza Nova Resistencia Galega Armed organization Its actual existence is disputed 7 See also editGalicianism Galicia Spain Galician language Galician people Galicia irredenta Galicia North Portugal Euroregion Galicia independence Nationalities in Spain Pan CelticismReferences editBeramendi J and Nunez Seixas X M 1996 O nacionalismo galego A Nosa Terra Vigo Beswicj J E 2007 Regional Nationalism in Spain Language use and ethnic identity in Galicia Multilingual Matters Garcia Alvarez J 1998 Substate nation building and geographical representations of The Other in Galicia Spain 1860 1936 in Finisterra no 33 issue 65 p 117 128 Fernandez Baz M A 2003 A formacion do nacionalismo galego contemporaneo 1963 1984 Laiovento Nunez Seixas X M 1993 Historiographical approaches to nationalism in Spain Saarbrucken Breitenbach Nunez Seixas X M 1999 Autonomist regionalism within the spanish state of the Autonomous Communities an interpretation in Nationalism amp ethnic politics vol 5 no 3 4 p 121 141 Frank Cass Ilford Rios Bergantinhos N 2002 A esquerda independentista galega 1977 1995 Abrente Editora Compostela Rodriguez Polo X R 2009 O triunfo do galeguismo Opinion publica partidos politicos e comportamento electoral na transicion autonomica Xerais Vigo Notes edit Map from Eurominority depicting European national minorities Archived 2008 09 17 at the Wayback Machine Facsimile discussing PP s galeguidade Galicianness by Frans Schrijver Galician President Perez Tourino commenting Galicianism from newspaper A Nosa Terra Archived from the original on 2018 02 05 Retrieved 2008 09 04 Galician President Perez Tourino PSdG discussing Galicianism from online newspaper Xornal com Members of BNG s internal organization Movemento Pola Base displaying a banner where Independence and Socialism can be read Discussion on the reform of the Statute Official site hosted by the Parliament of Galicia Archived September 24 2008 at the Wayback Machine Existe Resistencia Galega o es un bulo de Gobierno External links editCausa Galiza organization which seeks to co ordinate all pro independence political parties and organizations in a single front in Galician Galiza Livre permanent dead link pro independence news portal in Galician History of Galician nationalism web Galicia espallada in Galician Galician nationalism in Spanish Eurominority main site in English and French Portals nbsp Politics nbsp Portugal nbsp Spain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Galician nationalism amp oldid 1214336141, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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