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Future of the Russian Navy

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the Russian Navy struggled to adjust Cold War force structures while suffering severely with insufficient maintenance and a lack of funding. However, improvements in the Russian economy over the first decade of the twenty-first century led to a significant rise in defence expenditure and an increase in the number of ships under construction (with a focus on blue-water vessels).[1]

An extensive rearmament program was implemented after 2011, with the Russian Defence Ministry expected to procure 100 warships by 2020.[2] In early 2013 it was reported that the navy was to receive 54 new warships of various classes plus 24 submarines by 2020.[citation needed] A report by the US Navy's Office of Naval Intelligence issued in December 2015 provided descriptions and timelines for the construction of a modern 21st century Russian Navy.[3]

Some of these plans were modified over the course of the decade with delays pushing back the procurement of major surface combatants. During the 2010s, the focus shifted to several new classes of lighter units (corvettes) as well as on the procurement of several classes of new nuclear and conventionally-powered submarines. In addition, the new Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates have begun to enter service and the large Priboy-class helicopter assault ships have also started construction. These programs are expected to continue through the 2020s and, depending on available funding, projects to acquire larger frigates (the Super-Gorshkov - Project 22350M) and destroyers/cruisers (Lider-class destroyer) may also be initiated. However, until the arrival of such heavier units, older classes of Soviet-era cruisers and destroyers are being modernized.

The economic and financial fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to have some impact on Russian Navy modernization plans. In September 2020 it was reported that the defence budget was to be cut by 5% as part of a shift to social spending and in response the financial impacts of the pandemic.[4] However, the specific impact of such a cut on Russian Navy modernization plans was not immediately known.

Likely even more significant is the impact of sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In 2021, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev reportedly acknowledged that the Russian defence industry “is still dependent on foreign technologies.”[5] In an interview with the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov on 15 August 2022, he stated that the effects of sanctions on the Russian shipbuilding industry are practically unnoticeable, with only 5% of components for military shipbuilding (mainly electronics) being dependent on foreign imports.[6]

On 31 July 2022 during Russian Navy Day, Vladimir Putin approved a new maritime doctrine for Russia. The new doctrine suggests an increased state focus on the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route, as well as an increased naval presence in the Mediterranean and Red Seas, both using already-established bases and establishing new bases on other territories in the area. Plans for the development of shipbuilding industries in Crimea were also mentioned, as well as the development of new LNG terminals and shipbuilding industries in the Far East. With the US and Allies identified as the major maritime threat, cooperation with India and Middle Eastern allies was also emphasised, as well as the necessity for increased foreign port visits by Russian Navy vessels.[7] In 2023, the Russian Navy received 3 submarines, 7 surface ships (including a modernized one), 33 multipurpose, raid and support vessels, 11 aircraft and helicopters, and also over 7,700 cruise, anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles.[8]

Surface combatants edit

Future aircraft carriers edit

Russian President Dmitriy Medvedev stated in 2008 that Russia intended to build nuclear aircraft carriers in the next decade. However Russia currently does not have a yard capable of building aircraft carriers. All previous Soviet aircraft carriers were built in what was then known as the Nikolayev South Shipyard (Shipyard 444) at Nikolayev in what is now Ukraine. On 2 August 2010 Vladimir Vysotskiy stressed their importance: "If, for example, we do not have an aircraft carrier in the North, the combat capability of the Northern Fleet's guided-missile submarines will be reduced to zero after Day One because the submarines' principal adversary is aviation."[9]

Speaking in Saint Petersburg on 30 June 2011, the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation, a Russian state holding company, said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023.[citation needed] Several months later, on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported the naval building plan now included (first) the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships, after which Moscow will build four nuclear-powered aircraft carriers by 2023. The spokesperson said one carrier would be assigned to the Russian Navy's Northern Fleet at Murmansk, and the second would be stationed with the Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok.[10]

In February 2015, Russian media said that the Krylov State Research Center in St. Petersburg was on its way towards developing another aircraft carrier. The design was under conceptual testing in Krylov's laboratory.[11] There was no announcement of what shipyard would be able to build the carrier. One super-carrier project has been code-named Project 23000E or "Shtorm".[12] As of 2020, the project had not yet been approved and, given the financial costs, it was unclear whether it would be made a priority over other elements of Russian naval modernization.[13]

In July 2021, the Director General of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexey Rakhmanov [ru] stated that best suited for the construction of new aircraft carrier in Russia is Sevmash.[14]

In December 2021, a First Vice-chairman of Military-Industrial Commission of Russia Andrey Yelchaninov[15] stated in an interview that the construction of a new aircraft carrier is being considered for the new State Armament Program for 2024–2033. Work is currently underway to assess the financial and technological risks in the construction of such a ship.[16]

In the new naval doctrine approved on 31 July 2022, the development of new modern shipbuilding facilities in the Far East was mentioned, particularly for the construction of large vessels such as aircraft carriers.[7]

In an interview on 15 August 2022, the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the company is ready to build any large warship, including aircraft carriers, after the modernisation of Severnaya Verf is completed. He also confirmed that if the construction of a new aircraft carrier is approved, the majority of the work will be done at Severnaya Verf.[6]

Destroyers edit

In 2014 it was reported that the specification had been signed off for a new anti-air destroyer. Twelve ships of the 19,000 tonne Lider class are planned to enter service, split between the Northern and Pacific Fleets. Undecided whether versions will use nuclear or conventional power but they will carry the ABM-capable S-500 SAM and Kalibr (SS-N-30) and (SS-N-27) cruise missiles.[17] The Lider-class destroyer concept is a project of JSC Severnoye. In May 2015, Jane's reported that the Krylov State Research Center has also developed the Project 23560 destroyer design concept.

Initial reporting said that these ships would enter service in 2023–2025. In January 2018 however it was reported that detailed design phase will start after 2020 and construction in 2025.[18] On 18 April 2020 Russian newspaper Interfax reported that the Severnoye Design Bureau had suspended development on the Lider.[19] However, in June Alexei Rakhmanov, head of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, reported that the Lider project was still moving forward.[20]

In an interview on 15 August 2022, the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the Lider-class destroyer project has not been abandoned, however, he also stated that the Russian Ministry of Defence will only approve one project for large ocean-going warships. The Russian MoD currently favours the Project 22350M Super-Gorshkov frigate, and therefore it is unlikely that the Lider-class destroyer project will be approved for construction.[6]

Frigates edit

Jane's Defence Weekly and NavyRecognition.com said in March and January 2015 respectively that the Project 20385 (Gremyashchiy), Project 21631 (Buyan-M), Project 22350 (Admiral Gorshkov), and Project 11356Р/М (Admiral Grigorovich-class) corvettes and frigates were dependent on German and Ukrainian engines.[21] Projects 20385 and 21631 used German diesel engines, while the 22350 and 11356M used Ukrainian-assembled turbines.[22] Given the sanctions and standoff over the Russo-Ukrainian War, these components were not available from 2015. As a result, two more Steregushchiy-class corvettes, the seventh and eighth of the class, were laid down in February 2015. The Steregushchiy class uses Russian-built Kolomna engines. Similarly, the power plant in units of the Admiral Gorshkov class (following on the first two) were adapted to use a CODAG diesel and gas turbine engine of Russian manufacture (UEC-Saturn).[23] In November 2020 it was announced that United Engine Corporation had initiated delivery of the DGTA M55R diesel-gas power plant which would be installed on frigates of the 22350-class beginning with Admiral Isakov.[24]

Corvettes edit

With respect to corvettes/large patrol ships, as of 2021 six separate classes were in production to replace Soviet-era vessels. They ranged in size from the small 800-860-ton Karakurt class (Project 22800) up to the 3,400-ton Project 20386 corvette/light frigate. The first of the 2,500-ton Gremyashchiy class (Project 20385) entered service in December 2020.[25] Corvette classes in production as of 2020 include:

 
Buyan-class corvette

Submarines edit

The State Armament Program 2011–2020 was expected to build and deliver up to 24 submarines (both nuclear and conventional) to the Russian Navy.[26]

Borei SSBN

 
Yury Dolgorukiy is a Borei-class submarine, one of the two nuclear submarine classes (the other being the Yasen-class attack submarine) the Russian Navy has ordered.

Before 2012 there were only about ten nuclear submarine patrols a year, each lasting three months at most and usually a lot less.[27]

However, in that same year the first unit of the Borei-class ballistic missile submarine entered service. Three Borei-class boats were initially built. The lead boat, Yuriy Dolgorukiy, was launched in April 2007, began sea trials in June 2009 and was commissioned as a part of the Northern Fleet in 2012.[28][29] The second boat, Aleksandr Nevskiy was scheduled to be delivered to the Pacific Fleet in 2012.[30] The third was named Vladimir Monomakh. The Yuriy Dolgorukiy is operational with the Northern Fleet, while the Aleksandr Nevskiy and Vladimir Monomakh serve in the Pacific Fleet. A fourth unit, Knyaz Vladimir, to a modified Borei-A design, was laid down in 2012. Six more units to this modified design were subsequently ordered, the Kynaz Oleg and Generalissimus Suvorov being laid down in 2014, two more in 2015 and 2016, and another two in 2021. The mainstay of the SSBN force, the Delta IVs, joined the fleet during 1985–91. While the service life of an SSBN normally is twenty to twenty-five years, without maintenance, it may be as short as ten to fifteen years.[31] As of the end of 2022, there are six units in active service and an additional four units under construction. Two further boats were planned to start construction in 2023 and be in service by the early 2030s.[32]

Yasen SSN

12 Yasen-class nuclear attack submarines are to be delivered to the Russian Navy. Severodvinsk, keel laid down on 21 December 1993, was the first boat of the class slated for launch in 1998 delayed due to problems in financing. In 1996 work on the submarine appeared to have stopped completely. Some reports suggested that as of 1999 the submarine was less than 10 percent completed.[33] In 2003, the project received additional funding and the work of finishing the submarine continued. In 2004 it was reported that the work on the submarine was moving forward, but due to the priority given to the new Borei-class submarine, Severodvinsk, the lead unit of the Yasen class would not be ready before 2010. In July 2006 the deputy chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission, Vladislav Putilin, stated that two Yasen-class submarines were to join the Russian Navy before 2015.[34] On 24 July 2009 the work on a second Yasen submarine, named Kazan, was started. On 26 July the Russian navy command announced that one multipurpose submarine would be laid down every year, not necessarily of this class, starting in 2011.[citation needed] The launch of the first boat of this class and the beginning of sea trials was reported in September 2011.[citation needed]

As of August 2022 the Severodvinsk, Kazan and Novosibirsk are operational, Krasnoyarsk began sea trials in June 2022, and five more units are under construction.

Kilo

Following on from the success of the Kilo-class submarines, improved design Project 636.3 units are being built for the Russian Navy. Six Improved Kilo-class submarines have been built for the Black Sea Fleet, four for the Pacific Fleet (as of 2022) with further units on order.

In an interview on 15 August 2022, the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the company is currently producing one Project 636.3 submarine per year, however this can be increased to two per year with more funding. He also stated that a few modernisation proposals are being considered, including the ability to carry more Kalibr cruise missiles.[6]

Lada and Amur

The Lada-class submarine (Project 677) began construction in the latter 1990s. The class experienced significant problems and delays, resulting in a halt to series production and a redesign of the vessels. Series production resumed in the mid-2010s and as of 2022 the first unit is in service, the second on sea trials and four more vessels are under construction or ordered. In 2023, the lead (prototype) unit was decommissioned owing to several years of developmental problems which appear never to have been successfully rectified.[35]

On 18 May 2013 Russian Navy Commander-in-Chief Admiral Viktor Chirkov announced that the Lada-class would receive an air-independent propulsion system by 2016–2017. However, in 2019, Alexander Buzakov, the head of the Admiralty Shipyard, indicated that there were no plans to equip the Lada class with an air-independent propulsion system.[36] The Amur class is advertised as an export version of the Lada class.

Haski (Husky)

The Laika class, Russian designation Project 545 Laika (Russian: Лайка),[37] also referred to as Husky class (Russian: Хаски, lit.'husky'),[38] are series of nuclear-powered fifth-generation multi-purpose submarines currently under development by Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau for the Russian Navy.[39][40]

In an interview on 15 August 2022, the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov confirmed that the development of fifth-generation submarines is continuing according to schedule. It is unknown if he was referring to the Laika-class submarine, or an as-of-yet (August 2022) unannounced project.[6]

Khabarovsk (Project 09851)

The Khabarovsk class is a new submarine class based on the Borei class but with missile tubes removed. To be armed with Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System.[41]

Belgorod Special Operations Submarine

Belgorod was delivered to the Russian Navy in July 2022 but is expected to remain in an "experimental role" with the Northern Fleet for an indefinite period before transferring to the Pacific Fleet.[42] She is a derivative of the Oscar-class submarine reportedly designed as a combination special operations and strategic weapons submarine. She is planned to act as a mothership for smaller special operations submarines as well as being armed with six Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System weapons.[43][44]

Amphibious vessels edit

Amphibious assault ships edit

In June 2017, the construction of two future amphibious assault ships for the Russian Navy was included in the Russia's new state armament programme for 2018–2025.[45] The cost for one ship is to be about 40 billion RUB ($675 million).[46]

In January 2018, it was reported the construction of the ships would take place at the Severnaya Verf in Saint Petersburg.[47] However, in July 2020 two units of the class were laid down at the Zalyv Shipbuilding yard in Crimea. The design called for a ship of more than 30,000 tons with the delivery of both units anticipated in the latter 2020s.[48]

Mine-countermeasure vessels edit

Up to thirty Alexandrit-class minesweepers are planned by 2035. As of 2020, four are active and additional units are under construction or ordered. In January 2018 Deputy Chief of the Naval Shipbuilding Directorate Captain Mikhail Krasnopeyev said that the Russian Navy is planning to acquire 10 new Alexandrit-class (Project 12700) minesweepers by 2027 and 30 by 2035.[49] In 2019, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolyov, significantly enhanced that objective stating that the aim was to have 40 Alexandrit-class mine warfare vessels in service by 2030.[50]

Minor surface combatants edit

Auxiliary ships edit

A new ship class to replace the Ob-class hospital ships can be constructed at Severnaya Verf or Baltic Shipyard.[14]

In the new naval doctrine approved on 31 July 2022, the necessity to construction new modern fully-armed hospital ships was mentioned.[7]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Project 22350 Admiral Sergei Gorshkov. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-09.
  2. ^ "Russian Navy to procure 100 ships by 2020". rusnavy.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  3. ^ "The Russian Navy – A Historic Transition" (PDF). www.oni.navy.mil.
  4. ^ "Russian Defence Spending to Be Cut Due to Economic Woes and Upcoming Election". September 22, 2020.
  5. ^ Parachini, John V.; Bauer, Ryan (May 20, 2021). "Sanctions Targeting Russia's Defense Sector: Will They Influence Its Behavior?". www.rand.org.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Глава ОСК: после ремонта авианосец "Адмирал Кузнецов" прослужит не менее 25 лет". militarynews.ru (in Russian). 15 August 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Деятельность в Арктике и создание СПГ-мощностей. Основные положения Морской доктрины РФ". TASS (in Russian). 31 July 2022.
  8. ^ Новости, РИА (2024-01-26). "ВМФ в 2023 году получил более 7,7 тысячи единиц средств поражения". РИА Новости (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  9. ^ "Russian aircraft carrier blueprint to be ready by yearend - Navy chief". www.globalsecurity.org.
  10. ^ BarentsObserver.com, . Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2015-11-15. 3 November 2011.
  11. ^ Bender, Jeremy (11 February 2015). "Russia claims it's in the early stages of developing an aircraft carrier that can hold 100 planes". Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  12. ^ Nikolai Novichkov (14 May 2015). "Russia developing Shtorm supercarrier". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  13. ^ "Military Watch Magazine". militarywatchmagazine.com.
  14. ^ a b "Глава ОСК: ближайшее будущее кораблестроения — беспилотные системы и биодизайн" (in Russian). tass.ru. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Отсутствие полноценной нормативной базы – главный сдерживающий фактор развития беспилотной авиации в России". Aviation Explorer. 5 March 2021.
  16. ^ interfax.ru, "Первый зампред коллегии ВПК: новая программа вооружения изменит облик российской армии" (in Russian). [interfax.ru. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  17. ^ "New-generation missile destroyer under development in Russia". TASS. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  18. ^ "Work on Project 23560 destroyer detailed design to begin in Russia after 2020". www.navyrecognition.com.
  19. ^ "Северное ПКБ приостановило работу над перспективным атомным эсминцем" (in Russian). Interfax. 18 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  20. ^ "Military Watch Magazine". militarywatchmagazine.com.
  21. ^ "Russia To Lay Down Two New Project 20380 Corvettes Instead Of Improved Version Project 20385". Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  22. ^ Nicholas de Larrinaga, 'Russia lays down two more Project 20380 corvettes, JDW, 4 March 2015, 15.
  23. ^ "Russia Lays Keels of Next Gen LHD, Submarines and Frigates in Presence of Russian President Putin". July 21, 2020.
  24. ^ "Rostec begins serial deliveries of units for frigates of the "Admiral" series – SeaWaves Magazine".
  25. ^ "Russian Navy to receive two Project 20380 and four Project 20385 corvettes between 2024 and 2028". www.navyrecognition.com.
  26. ^ "Russian Navy to Receive 24 Subs, 54 Warships by 2020". en.rian.ru. 11 March 2013.
  27. ^ "Matthew M. Aid". kafila.org. November 7, 2019.
  28. ^ "SSBN Yury Dolgoruky Joins Russian Navy Till July 29". 26 June 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  29. ^ Rossiyskaya Gazeta Online Retrieved on June 21, 2009
  30. ^ "Construction of SSBN Alexander Nevsky will cost RUR 23 bln shipbuilder". rusnavy.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  31. ^ Mikhail Tsypkin, Rudderless in a Storm: The Russian Navy 1992–2002, B58, Conflict Studies Research Centre, RMA Sandhurst, December 2002, p.13
  32. ^ "Two Project 955A Borei-A class ballistic missile submarines will be laid down in 2023".
  33. ^ Pike, John. "Graney Class – Project 885 Yasen". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  34. ^ "Russia Chooses Its Future Armament | Авиатранспортное обозрение". Ato.ru. 14 March 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  35. ^ "In Russia, the Saint Petersburg Submarine was Decommissioned, While Being in the Fleet Only for Two Years, Although it Was Built for Decades". 19 April 2023.
  36. ^ Archus, Dorian (17 December 2019). "No Plans To Equip Russian Lada-Class Submarines With AIP-Constructor - Naval Post- Naval News and Information".
  37. ^ "Russia launches R&D work on fifth-generation submarine". TASS. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  38. ^ "Russia's Malakhit Design Bureau Completes Husky Submarine Preliminary Design". navyrecognition.com. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  39. ^ "ОСК: АПЛ "Хаски" совместит в себе качества многоцелевой и стратегической подлодки" (in Russian). TASS. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  40. ^ "Что представляет собой российская подлодка пятого поколения "Хаски"?" (in Russian). Argumenty i Fakty. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  41. ^ "20 years after Kursk, Russia moves from tragedy to redefined underwater warfare capability". The Independent Barents Observer.
  42. ^ "World's longest nuclear submarine handed over to the Russian Navy".
  43. ^ Sutton, H. I. "Russia's Newest Submarine, Khabarovsk, Could Redefine Underwater Warfare". Forbes.
  44. ^ "Here comes a nuclear submarine longer than the world has ever seen". The Independent Barents Observer.
  45. ^ "Russia starts design work on Priboy LHD Amphibious Assault Ship". 30 June 2017.
  46. ^ "Russia's First Priboy LHD Amphibious Assault Ship to Cost $675 Millions". navyrecognition.com. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  47. ^ "Russia Forging Ahead with Universal Landing Ship / Amphibious Vessels Plans". navyrecognition.com. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  48. ^ "Источник: вертолетоносцы России получат палубные ударные беспилотники". ТАСС.
  49. ^ . Jane's 360. 2018-01-04. Archived from the original on 2018-04-15. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  50. ^ "Russian Navy To Get 40 Fiberglass Minesweepers By 2030". www.defenseworld.net.
  51. ^ "Russian Navy commissions two Raptor-class patrol boats". July 23, 2020.

External links edit

  • Russia Will Not Have a New Aircraft Carrier for at Least 15 Years—and Maybe Never (June 2019)
  • Russian Strategic Submarine Patrols Rebound

future, russian, navy, following, dissolution, soviet, union, 1991, russian, navy, struggled, adjust, cold, force, structures, while, suffering, severely, with, insufficient, maintenance, lack, funding, however, improvements, russian, economy, over, first, dec. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 the Russian Navy struggled to adjust Cold War force structures while suffering severely with insufficient maintenance and a lack of funding However improvements in the Russian economy over the first decade of the twenty first century led to a significant rise in defence expenditure and an increase in the number of ships under construction with a focus on blue water vessels 1 An extensive rearmament program was implemented after 2011 with the Russian Defence Ministry expected to procure 100 warships by 2020 2 In early 2013 it was reported that the navy was to receive 54 new warships of various classes plus 24 submarines by 2020 citation needed A report by the US Navy s Office of Naval Intelligence issued in December 2015 provided descriptions and timelines for the construction of a modern 21st century Russian Navy 3 Some of these plans were modified over the course of the decade with delays pushing back the procurement of major surface combatants During the 2010s the focus shifted to several new classes of lighter units corvettes as well as on the procurement of several classes of new nuclear and conventionally powered submarines In addition the new Admiral Gorshkov class frigates have begun to enter service and the large Priboy class helicopter assault ships have also started construction These programs are expected to continue through the 2020s and depending on available funding projects to acquire larger frigates the Super Gorshkov Project 22350M and destroyers cruisers Lider class destroyer may also be initiated However until the arrival of such heavier units older classes of Soviet era cruisers and destroyers are being modernized The economic and financial fallout from the Covid 19 pandemic is likely to have some impact on Russian Navy modernization plans In September 2020 it was reported that the defence budget was to be cut by 5 as part of a shift to social spending and in response the financial impacts of the pandemic 4 However the specific impact of such a cut on Russian Navy modernization plans was not immediately known Likely even more significant is the impact of sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine In 2021 Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev reportedly acknowledged that the Russian defence industry is still dependent on foreign technologies 5 In an interview with the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov on 15 August 2022 he stated that the effects of sanctions on the Russian shipbuilding industry are practically unnoticeable with only 5 of components for military shipbuilding mainly electronics being dependent on foreign imports 6 On 31 July 2022 during Russian Navy Day Vladimir Putin approved a new maritime doctrine for Russia The new doctrine suggests an increased state focus on the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route as well as an increased naval presence in the Mediterranean and Red Seas both using already established bases and establishing new bases on other territories in the area Plans for the development of shipbuilding industries in Crimea were also mentioned as well as the development of new LNG terminals and shipbuilding industries in the Far East With the US and Allies identified as the major maritime threat cooperation with India and Middle Eastern allies was also emphasised as well as the necessity for increased foreign port visits by Russian Navy vessels 7 In 2023 the Russian Navy received 3 submarines 7 surface ships including a modernized one 33 multipurpose raid and support vessels 11 aircraft and helicopters and also over 7 700 cruise anti ship and anti submarine missiles 8 Contents 1 Surface combatants 1 1 Future aircraft carriers 1 2 Destroyers 1 3 Frigates 1 4 Corvettes 2 Submarines 3 Amphibious vessels 3 1 Amphibious assault ships 4 Mine countermeasure vessels 5 Minor surface combatants 6 Auxiliary ships 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksSurface combatants editFuture aircraft carriers edit Russian President Dmitriy Medvedev stated in 2008 that Russia intended to build nuclear aircraft carriers in the next decade However Russia currently does not have a yard capable of building aircraft carriers All previous Soviet aircraft carriers were built in what was then known as the Nikolayev South Shipyard Shipyard 444 at Nikolayev in what is now Ukraine On 2 August 2010 Vladimir Vysotskiy stressed their importance If for example we do not have an aircraft carrier in the North the combat capability of the Northern Fleet s guided missile submarines will be reduced to zero after Day One because the submarines principal adversary is aviation 9 Speaking in Saint Petersburg on 30 June 2011 the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation a Russian state holding company said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016 with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023 citation needed Several months later on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported the naval building plan now included first the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships after which Moscow will build four nuclear powered aircraft carriers by 2023 The spokesperson said one carrier would be assigned to the Russian Navy s Northern Fleet at Murmansk and the second would be stationed with the Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok 10 In February 2015 Russian media said that the Krylov State Research Center in St Petersburg was on its way towards developing another aircraft carrier The design was under conceptual testing in Krylov s laboratory 11 There was no announcement of what shipyard would be able to build the carrier One super carrier project has been code named Project 23000E or Shtorm 12 As of 2020 the project had not yet been approved and given the financial costs it was unclear whether it would be made a priority over other elements of Russian naval modernization 13 In July 2021 the Director General of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexey Rakhmanov ru stated that best suited for the construction of new aircraft carrier in Russia is Sevmash 14 In December 2021 a First Vice chairman of Military Industrial Commission of Russia Andrey Yelchaninov 15 stated in an interview that the construction of a new aircraft carrier is being considered for the new State Armament Program for 2024 2033 Work is currently underway to assess the financial and technological risks in the construction of such a ship 16 In the new naval doctrine approved on 31 July 2022 the development of new modern shipbuilding facilities in the Far East was mentioned particularly for the construction of large vessels such as aircraft carriers 7 In an interview on 15 August 2022 the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the company is ready to build any large warship including aircraft carriers after the modernisation of Severnaya Verf is completed He also confirmed that if the construction of a new aircraft carrier is approved the majority of the work will be done at Severnaya Verf 6 Destroyers edit Main article Lider class destroyer In 2014 it was reported that the specification had been signed off for a new anti air destroyer Twelve ships of the 19 000 tonne Lider class are planned to enter service split between the Northern and Pacific Fleets Undecided whether versions will use nuclear or conventional power but they will carry the ABM capable S 500 SAM and Kalibr SS N 30 and SS N 27 cruise missiles 17 The Lider class destroyer concept is a project of JSC Severnoye In May 2015 Jane s reported that the Krylov State Research Center has also developed the Project 23560 destroyer design concept Initial reporting said that these ships would enter service in 2023 2025 In January 2018 however it was reported that detailed design phase will start after 2020 and construction in 2025 18 On 18 April 2020 Russian newspaper Interfax reported that the Severnoye Design Bureau had suspended development on the Lider 19 However in June Alexei Rakhmanov head of the United Shipbuilding Corporation reported that the Lider project was still moving forward 20 In an interview on 15 August 2022 the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the Lider class destroyer project has not been abandoned however he also stated that the Russian Ministry of Defence will only approve one project for large ocean going warships The Russian MoD currently favours the Project 22350M Super Gorshkov frigate and therefore it is unlikely that the Lider class destroyer project will be approved for construction 6 Frigates edit Jane s Defence Weekly and NavyRecognition com said in March and January 2015 respectively that the Project 20385 Gremyashchiy Project 21631 Buyan M Project 22350 Admiral Gorshkov and Project 11356R M Admiral Grigorovich class corvettes and frigates were dependent on German and Ukrainian engines 21 Projects 20385 and 21631 used German diesel engines while the 22350 and 11356M used Ukrainian assembled turbines 22 Given the sanctions and standoff over the Russo Ukrainian War these components were not available from 2015 As a result two more Steregushchiy class corvettes the seventh and eighth of the class were laid down in February 2015 The Steregushchiy class uses Russian built Kolomna engines Similarly the power plant in units of the Admiral Gorshkov class following on the first two were adapted to use a CODAG diesel and gas turbine engine of Russian manufacture UEC Saturn 23 In November 2020 it was announced that United Engine Corporation had initiated delivery of the DGTA M55R diesel gas power plant which would be installed on frigates of the 22350 class beginning with Admiral Isakov 24 Corvettes edit With respect to corvettes large patrol ships as of 2021 six separate classes were in production to replace Soviet era vessels They ranged in size from the small 800 860 ton Karakurt class Project 22800 up to the 3 400 ton Project 20386 corvette light frigate The first of the 2 500 ton Gremyashchiy class Project 20385 entered service in December 2020 25 Corvette classes in production as of 2020 include nbsp Buyan class corvette Project 22800 Karakurt class corvette 800 860 tons Project 21630 31 Buyan class corvette Buyan M Project 21631 variant 950 tons Project 22160 Vasily Bykov class corvette offshore patrol ship 1 700 tons Project 20380 Steregushchiy class corvette light frigate 2 200 tons Project 20385 Gremyashchiy class corvette light frigate 2 500 tons Project 20386 Derzky class corvette light frigate 3 400 tons Submarines editThe State Armament Program 2011 2020 was expected to build and deliver up to 24 submarines both nuclear and conventional to the Russian Navy 26 Borei SSBN nbsp Yury Dolgorukiy is a Borei class submarine one of the two nuclear submarine classes the other being the Yasen class attack submarine the Russian Navy has ordered Before 2012 there were only about ten nuclear submarine patrols a year each lasting three months at most and usually a lot less 27 However in that same year the first unit of the Borei class ballistic missile submarine entered service Three Borei class boats were initially built The lead boat Yuriy Dolgorukiy was launched in April 2007 began sea trials in June 2009 and was commissioned as a part of the Northern Fleet in 2012 28 29 The second boat Aleksandr Nevskiy was scheduled to be delivered to the Pacific Fleet in 2012 30 The third was named Vladimir Monomakh The Yuriy Dolgorukiy is operational with the Northern Fleet while the Aleksandr Nevskiy and Vladimir Monomakh serve in the Pacific Fleet A fourth unit Knyaz Vladimir to a modified Borei A design was laid down in 2012 Six more units to this modified design were subsequently ordered the Kynaz Oleg and Generalissimus Suvorov being laid down in 2014 two more in 2015 and 2016 and another two in 2021 The mainstay of the SSBN force the Delta IVs joined the fleet during 1985 91 While the service life of an SSBN normally is twenty to twenty five years without maintenance it may be as short as ten to fifteen years 31 As of the end of 2022 there are six units in active service and an additional four units under construction Two further boats were planned to start construction in 2023 and be in service by the early 2030s 32 Yasen SSN12 Yasen class nuclear attack submarines are to be delivered to the Russian Navy Severodvinsk keel laid down on 21 December 1993 was the first boat of the class slated for launch in 1998 delayed due to problems in financing In 1996 work on the submarine appeared to have stopped completely Some reports suggested that as of 1999 the submarine was less than 10 percent completed 33 In 2003 the project received additional funding and the work of finishing the submarine continued In 2004 it was reported that the work on the submarine was moving forward but due to the priority given to the new Borei class submarine Severodvinsk the lead unit of the Yasen class would not be ready before 2010 In July 2006 the deputy chairman of the Military Industrial Commission Vladislav Putilin stated that two Yasen class submarines were to join the Russian Navy before 2015 34 On 24 July 2009 the work on a second Yasen submarine named Kazan was started On 26 July the Russian navy command announced that one multipurpose submarine would be laid down every year not necessarily of this class starting in 2011 citation needed The launch of the first boat of this class and the beginning of sea trials was reported in September 2011 citation needed As of August 2022 the Severodvinsk Kazan and Novosibirsk are operational Krasnoyarsk began sea trials in June 2022 and five more units are under construction KiloFollowing on from the success of the Kilo class submarines improved design Project 636 3 units are being built for the Russian Navy Six Improved Kilo class submarines have been built for the Black Sea Fleet four for the Pacific Fleet as of 2022 with further units on order In an interview on 15 August 2022 the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov stated that the company is currently producing one Project 636 3 submarine per year however this can be increased to two per year with more funding He also stated that a few modernisation proposals are being considered including the ability to carry more Kalibr cruise missiles 6 Lada and AmurThe Lada class submarine Project 677 began construction in the latter 1990s The class experienced significant problems and delays resulting in a halt to series production and a redesign of the vessels Series production resumed in the mid 2010s and as of 2022 the first unit is in service the second on sea trials and four more vessels are under construction or ordered In 2023 the lead prototype unit was decommissioned owing to several years of developmental problems which appear never to have been successfully rectified 35 On 18 May 2013 Russian Navy Commander in Chief Admiral Viktor Chirkov announced that the Lada class would receive an air independent propulsion system by 2016 2017 However in 2019 Alexander Buzakov the head of the Admiralty Shipyard indicated that there were no plans to equip the Lada class with an air independent propulsion system 36 The Amur class is advertised as an export version of the Lada class Haski Husky The Laika class Russian designation Project 545 Laika Russian Lajka 37 also referred to as Husky class Russian Haski lit husky 38 are series of nuclear powered fifth generation multi purpose submarines currently under development by Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau for the Russian Navy 39 40 In an interview on 15 August 2022 the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov confirmed that the development of fifth generation submarines is continuing according to schedule It is unknown if he was referring to the Laika class submarine or an as of yet August 2022 unannounced project 6 Khabarovsk Project 09851 The Khabarovsk class is a new submarine class based on the Borei class but with missile tubes removed To be armed with Status 6 Oceanic Multipurpose System 41 Belgorod Special Operations SubmarineBelgorod was delivered to the Russian Navy in July 2022 but is expected to remain in an experimental role with the Northern Fleet for an indefinite period before transferring to the Pacific Fleet 42 She is a derivative of the Oscar class submarine reportedly designed as a combination special operations and strategic weapons submarine She is planned to act as a mothership for smaller special operations submarines as well as being armed with six Status 6 Oceanic Multipurpose System weapons 43 44 Amphibious vessels editAmphibious assault ships edit In June 2017 the construction of two future amphibious assault ships for the Russian Navy was included in the Russia s new state armament programme for 2018 2025 45 The cost for one ship is to be about 40 billion RUB 675 million 46 In January 2018 it was reported the construction of the ships would take place at the Severnaya Verf in Saint Petersburg 47 However in July 2020 two units of the class were laid down at the Zalyv Shipbuilding yard in Crimea The design called for a ship of more than 30 000 tons with the delivery of both units anticipated in the latter 2020s 48 Mine countermeasure vessels editUp to thirty Alexandrit class minesweepers are planned by 2035 As of 2020 four are active and additional units are under construction or ordered In January 2018 Deputy Chief of the Naval Shipbuilding Directorate Captain Mikhail Krasnopeyev said that the Russian Navy is planning to acquire 10 new Alexandrit class Project 12700 minesweepers by 2027 and 30 by 2035 49 In 2019 the Commander in Chief of the Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolyov significantly enhanced that objective stating that the aim was to have 40 Alexandrit class mine warfare vessels in service by 2030 50 Minor surface combatants editRaptor class patrol boat 51 Auxiliary ships editA new ship class to replace the Ob class hospital ships can be constructed at Severnaya Verf or Baltic Shipyard 14 In the new naval doctrine approved on 31 July 2022 the necessity to construction new modern fully armed hospital ships was mentioned 7 See also editList of active Russian Navy ships Russian Armed Forces Future of the United States Navy Future of the Royal Navy Future of the French Navy Future of the Spanish Navy Future of the Royal Australian Navy Future of the Brazilian Navy Future of the Indian Navy Future of the Royal Netherlands NavyReferences edit Project 22350 Admiral Sergei Gorshkov Globalsecurity org Retrieved on 2010 09 09 Russian Navy to procure 100 ships by 2020 rusnavy com Retrieved 10 October 2017 The Russian Navy A Historic Transition PDF www oni navy mil Russian Defence Spending to Be Cut Due to Economic Woes and Upcoming Election September 22 2020 Parachini John V Bauer Ryan May 20 2021 Sanctions Targeting Russia s Defense Sector Will They Influence Its Behavior www rand org a b c d e Glava OSK posle remonta avianosec Admiral Kuznecov prosluzhit ne menee 25 let militarynews ru in Russian 15 August 2022 a b c Deyatelnost v Arktike i sozdanie SPG moshnostej Osnovnye polozheniya Morskoj doktriny RF TASS in Russian 31 July 2022 Novosti RIA 2024 01 26 VMF v 2023 godu poluchil bolee 7 7 tysyachi edinic sredstv porazheniya RIA Novosti in Russian Retrieved 2024 03 14 Russian aircraft carrier blueprint to be ready by yearend Navy chief www globalsecurity org BarentsObserver com Russia to build two aircraft carriers BarentsObserver Archived from the original on 2012 04 06 Retrieved 2015 11 15 3 November 2011 Bender Jeremy 11 February 2015 Russia claims it s in the early stages of developing an aircraft carrier that can hold 100 planes Retrieved 10 October 2017 Nikolai Novichkov 14 May 2015 Russia developing Shtorm supercarrier IHS Jane s Defence Weekly Retrieved 16 May 2015 Military Watch Magazine militarywatchmagazine com a b Glava OSK blizhajshee budushee korablestroeniya bespilotnye sistemy i biodizajn in Russian tass ru 2 July 2021 Retrieved 2 July 2021 Otsutstvie polnocennoj normativnoj bazy glavnyj sderzhivayushij faktor razvitiya bespilotnoj aviacii v Rossii Aviation Explorer 5 March 2021 interfax ru Pervyj zampred kollegii VPK novaya programma vooruzheniya izmenit oblik rossijskoj armii in Russian interfax ru 9 December 2021 Retrieved 13 December 2021 New generation missile destroyer under development in Russia TASS 21 October 2014 Retrieved 28 October 2014 Work on Project 23560 destroyer detailed design to begin in Russia after 2020 www navyrecognition com Severnoe PKB priostanovilo rabotu nad perspektivnym atomnym esmincem in Russian Interfax 18 April 2020 Retrieved 21 April 2020 Military Watch Magazine militarywatchmagazine com Russia To Lay Down Two New Project 20380 Corvettes Instead Of Improved Version Project 20385 Retrieved 10 October 2017 Nicholas de Larrinaga Russia lays down two more Project 20380 corvettes JDW 4 March 2015 15 Russia Lays Keels of Next Gen LHD Submarines and Frigates in Presence of Russian President Putin July 21 2020 Rostec begins serial deliveries of units for frigates of the Admiral series SeaWaves Magazine Russian Navy to receive two Project 20380 and four Project 20385 corvettes between 2024 and 2028 www navyrecognition com Russian Navy to Receive 24 Subs 54 Warships by 2020 en rian ru 11 March 2013 Matthew M Aid kafila org November 7 2019 SSBN Yury Dolgoruky Joins Russian Navy Till July 29 26 June 2012 Retrieved 10 October 2017 Rossiyskaya Gazeta Online Retrieved on June 21 2009 Construction of SSBN Alexander Nevsky will cost RUR 23 bln shipbuilder rusnavy com Retrieved 10 October 2017 Mikhail Tsypkin Rudderless in a Storm The Russian Navy 1992 2002 B58 Conflict Studies Research Centre RMA Sandhurst December 2002 p 13 Two Project 955A Borei A class ballistic missile submarines will be laid down in 2023 Pike John Graney Class Project 885 Yasen Globalsecurity org Retrieved 18 October 2011 Russia Chooses Its Future Armament Aviatransportnoe obozrenie Ato ru 14 March 2006 Retrieved 18 October 2011 In Russia the Saint Petersburg Submarine was Decommissioned While Being in the Fleet Only for Two Years Although it Was Built for Decades 19 April 2023 Archus Dorian 17 December 2019 No Plans To Equip Russian Lada Class Submarines With AIP Constructor Naval Post Naval News and Information Russia launches R amp D work on fifth generation submarine TASS 17 April 2019 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Russia s Malakhit Design Bureau Completes Husky Submarine Preliminary Design navyrecognition com 23 April 2018 Retrieved 28 December 2019 OSK APL Haski sovmestit v sebe kachestva mnogocelevoj i strategicheskoj podlodki in Russian TASS 4 April 2016 Retrieved 27 December 2019 Chto predstavlyaet soboj rossijskaya podlodka pyatogo pokoleniya Haski in Russian Argumenty i Fakty 14 July 2016 Retrieved 27 December 2019 20 years after Kursk Russia moves from tragedy to redefined underwater warfare capability The Independent Barents Observer World s longest nuclear submarine handed over to the Russian Navy Sutton H I Russia s Newest Submarine Khabarovsk Could Redefine Underwater Warfare Forbes Here comes a nuclear submarine longer than the world has ever seen The Independent Barents Observer Russia starts design work on Priboy LHD Amphibious Assault Ship 30 June 2017 Russia s First Priboy LHD Amphibious Assault Ship to Cost 675 Millions navyrecognition com 10 July 2017 Retrieved 17 March 2019 Russia Forging Ahead with Universal Landing Ship Amphibious Vessels Plans navyrecognition com 19 January 2018 Retrieved 17 March 2019 Istochnik vertoletonoscy Rossii poluchat palubnye udarnye bespilotniki TASS Russia to acquire 10 minesweepers in new arms programme Jane s 360 2018 01 04 Archived from the original on 2018 04 15 Retrieved 2018 01 04 Russian Navy To Get 40 Fiberglass Minesweepers By 2030 www defenseworld net Russian Navy commissions two Raptor class patrol boats July 23 2020 External links editRussia Will Not Have a New Aircraft Carrier for at Least 15 Years and Maybe Never June 2019 Russian Strategic Submarine Patrols Rebound Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Future of the Russian Navy amp oldid 1219385371, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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