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Frieda Lawrence

March 17, 2024

Frieda Lawrence (August 11, 1879 – August 11, 1956) was a German author and wife of the British novelist D.H. Lawrence.

Frieda Lawrence
Lawrence in 1950, photographed by Carl Van Vechten
Born
Emma Maria Frieda Johanna Freiin von Richthofen

(1879-08-11)August 11, 1879
Metz, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire
(now in Grand Est, France)
DiedAugust 11, 1956(1956-08-11) (aged 77)
Taos, New Mexico, US

Life edit

Emma Maria Frieda Johanna Freiin (Baroness) von Richthofen[1] (also known under her married names as Frieda Weekley,[2] Frieda Lawrence, and Frieda Lawrence Ravagli) was born into the German nobility at Metz. Her father was Baron Friedrich Ernst Emil Ludwig von Richthofen (1844–1916), an engineer in the Imperial German Army, and her mother was Anna Elise Lydia Marquier (1852–1930).

In 1899, she married a British philologist and professor of modern languages, Ernest Weekley, with whom she had three children, Charles Montague (born 1900), Elsa Agnès (born 1902) and Barbara Joy (born 1904). They settled in Nottingham, where Ernest was an academic at the university. During her marriage to Weekley she began to translate German literature, mainly fairy tales, into English.

She met D.H. Lawrence, a former student of her husband, in 1912; soon she fell in love with him, and they eloped to Germany.[3] During their stay Lawrence was arrested for spying; after the intervention of Frieda's father, the couple walked south over the Alps to Italy. Following her divorce, Frieda and Lawrence married in 1914. She had to leave her children with Weekley: as the adulterous respondent to a divorce instigated by her husband she was not legally able to gain custody unless he consented.[4]

 
D.H. Lawrence and Frieda (1914)

They had intended to return to the continent but the outbreak of war kept them in England, where they endured official harassment and censorship.[5] They also struggled with limited resources and Lawrence's already frail health.[6]

Leaving postwar England at the earliest opportunity, they traveled widely, eventually settling at the Kiowa Ranch near Taos, New Mexico, and in Lawrence's last years at the Villa Mirenda, near Scandicci in Tuscany. After her husband's death in Vence, France, in 1930, she returned to Taos to live with her third husband, Angelo Ravagli.[7] The ranch is now owned by the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque.[8]

Georgia O'Keeffe, who knew her in Taos, said in 1974: "Frieda was very special. I can remember very clearly the first time I ever saw her, standing in a doorway, with her hair all frizzed out, wearing a cheap red calico dress that looked as though she'd just wiped out the frying pan with it. She was not thin, and not young, but there was something radiant and wonderful about her."[9]

Joseph Glasco became close friends with Frieda when he and William Goyen lived together in Taos in the 1950s. At one point, Frieda asked Glasco to arrange an exhibition of D.H. Lawrence’s paintings. They remained friends until her death in 1956.[10]

Mainly through her elder sister Else von Richthofen, Frieda became acquainted with many intellectuals and authors, including the socioeconomist Alfred Weber and sociologist Max Weber, the radical psychoanalyst Otto Gross (who became her lover), and the writer Fanny zu Reventlow.[11]

Lady Chatterley's Lover edit

Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover is thought to be based partly on her relationship as an aristocrat with the working-class Lawrence. John Harte's dramatisation led to it being Lawrence's only novel to be staged. She loved the play when she read it and supported its staging but the copyright to Lawrence's story had already been acquired by Baron Philippe de Rothschild, a close friend. He did not relinquish it until 1960, after the film version had been released. John Harte's play was first produced at The Arts Theatre, London in 1961, five years after her death.[12]

Death edit

Frieda Lawrence died on her seventy-seventh birthday in Taos.[13]

In popular culture edit

Frieda Lawrence's life inspired the biographical novel Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley (Two Roads, 2018), by Annabel Abbs. The novel was a Times Book of the Month,[14] then a Times Book of the Year 2018.[15] Abbs also wrote about Lawrence's love for walking and the great outdoors in Windswept: Walking in the Footsteps of Remarkable Women (Two Roads, 2021).

She is an important character in On the Rocks, a play by Amy Rosenthal which deals with her sometimes difficult relationship with D.H. Lawrence.[16]

Lawrence was the inspiration for the character Harriet Somers, played by Judy Davis[17] in the Australian film Kangaroo (1987). The film is based on D.H. Lawrence's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name.[18]

Bibliography edit

Autobiography edit

  • Lawrence, Frieda von Richthofen. Not I, but the Wind... With an afterword by Harry T. Moore. New York: Viking, 1934.
    • Reprint. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1974. LCCN 74-8660 ISBN 0809306905.

Biographies edit

  • Byrne, Janet. A Genius for Living: The Life of Frieda Lawrence. New York: HarperCollins, 1995. ISBN 0060190019.
  • Crotch, Martha Gordon. Memories of Frieda Lawrence. Edinburgh: Tragara Press, 1975. ISBN 0902616196.
  • Green, Martin. The von Richthofen Sisters: The Triumphant and the Tragic Modes of Love: Else and Frieda Von Richthofen, Otto Gross, Max Weber, and D.H. Lawrence, in the Years 1870–1970. New York: Basic Books, 1974. ISBN 0465090508.
  • Jackson, Rosie. Frieda Lawrence (Including Not I, But the Wind and other autobiographical writings). London and San Francisco: Pandora, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 1994.
  • Lawrence, Frieda von Richthofen, Harry T. Moore, and Dale B. Montague, eds. Frieda Lawrence and Her Circle: Letters from, to, and About Frieda Lawrence. London: Macmillan, 1981. ISBN 0333276000.
  • Lucas, Robert. Frieda Lawrence: The Story of Frieda Von Richthofen and D. H. Lawrence. New York: Viking Press, 1973.
  • Squires, Michael, and Talbot, Lynn K. Living at the Edge: A Biography of D.H. Lawrence and Frieda Von Richthofen. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
  • Squires, Michael. D. H. Lawrence and Frieda: A Portrait of Love and Loyalty. London: Welbeck Publishing Group Limited, 2008.
  • Squires, Michael. The Limits of Love: The Lives of D. H. Lawrence and Frieda Von Richthofen. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023 ("originated, in part, from D. H. Lawrence and Frieda: A Portrait of Love and Loyalty").
  • Tedlock, Jr., E. W., ed. Frieda Lawrence: The Memoirs and Correspondence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964.

References edit

  1. ^ "Frieda Lawrence: An Inventory of Her Collection". Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center. University of Texas at Austin. from the original on December 10, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  2. ^ Kendrick, Walter (November 27, 1994). "A Thing About Men, and a Thing About Women". The New York Times. from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  3. ^ Sword, Helen (1995). Engendering Inspiration: Visionary Strategies in Rilke, Lawrence, and H.D. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0472105946. LCCN 95040616. OCLC 33131763.
  4. ^ Anderson, Hephzibah (18 November 2018). "Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley by Annabel Abbs review – DH Lawrence's muse". The Observer. from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  5. ^ Alberge, Dalya (March 23, 2013). "D.H. Lawrence's Poetry Saved from the Censor's Pen". The Guardian. from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  6. ^ Kunkel, Benjamin (December 19, 2005). "The Deep End". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  7. ^ "DH Lawrence's Wife 'Was the Real Lady Chatterley'". The Telegraph. February 28, 2005. from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  8. ^ Bush, Mike; Stiny, Andy (January 9, 2015). "Brushing the Cobwebs Off the D.H. Lawrence Ranch". Albuquerque Journal. from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  9. ^ Tomkins, Calvin (March 4, 1974). "Georgia O'Keeffe's Vision". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  10. ^ Raeburn, Michael (2015). Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American. London: Cacklegoose Press. p. 127. ISBN 9781611688542.
  11. ^ Roth, Gunther (July 2010). "Edgar Jaffé and Else von Richthofen in the Mirror of Newly Found Letters". Max Weber Studies. 10 (2): 151–188. doi:10.1353/max.2010.a808805. ISSN 1470-8078. JSTOR 24579567. S2CID 178085610.
  12. ^ Moran, James, The Theatre of D.H. Lawrence: Dramatic Modernist and Theatrical Innovator, London and New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2015.
  13. ^ Bevington, Helen Smith (1983). The Journey is Everything: A Journal of the Seventies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 134. ISBN 978-0822305538. LCCN 83005582. OCLC 9412283. frieda lawrence death birthday taos.
  14. ^ Senior, Antonia. "Review: Historical fiction round-up — The real Lady Chatterley". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. from the original on 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  15. ^ Senior, Antonia. "Books of the year 2018: historical fiction". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. from the original on 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  16. ^ Billington, Michael (July 2, 2008). "Theatre Review: On the Rocks". The Guardian. from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  17. ^ Mills, Nancy (April 4, 1987). "Judy Davis is Back on the U.S. Scene in 'Kangaroo'". Los Angeles Times. from the original on February 24, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  18. ^ Ebert, Roger (March 27, 1987). "Kangaroo Movie Review & Film Summary (1987)". RogerEbert.com. from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2018.

External links edit

March 17, 2024
frieda, lawrence, august, 1879, august, 1956, german, author, wife, british, novelist, lawrence, lawrence, 1950, photographed, carl, vechtenbornemma, maria, frieda, johanna, freiin, richthofen, 1879, august, 1879metz, alsace, lorraine, german, empire, grand, f. Frieda Lawrence August 11 1879 August 11 1956 was a German author and wife of the British novelist D H Lawrence Frieda LawrenceLawrence in 1950 photographed by Carl Van VechtenBornEmma Maria Frieda Johanna Freiin von Richthofen 1879 08 11 August 11 1879Metz Alsace Lorraine German Empire now in Grand Est France DiedAugust 11 1956 1956 08 11 aged 77 Taos New Mexico US Contents 1 Life 1 1 Lady Chatterley s Lover 2 Death 3 In popular culture 4 Bibliography 4 1 Autobiography 4 2 Biographies 5 References 6 External linksLife editEmma Maria Frieda Johanna Freiin Baroness von Richthofen 1 also known under her married names as Frieda Weekley 2 Frieda Lawrence and Frieda Lawrence Ravagli was born into the German nobility at Metz Her father was Baron Friedrich Ernst Emil Ludwig von Richthofen 1844 1916 an engineer in the Imperial German Army and her mother was Anna Elise Lydia Marquier 1852 1930 In 1899 she married a British philologist and professor of modern languages Ernest Weekley with whom she had three children Charles Montague born 1900 Elsa Agnes born 1902 and Barbara Joy born 1904 They settled in Nottingham where Ernest was an academic at the university During her marriage to Weekley she began to translate German literature mainly fairy tales into English She met D H Lawrence a former student of her husband in 1912 soon she fell in love with him and they eloped to Germany 3 During their stay Lawrence was arrested for spying after the intervention of Frieda s father the couple walked south over the Alps to Italy Following her divorce Frieda and Lawrence married in 1914 She had to leave her children with Weekley as the adulterous respondent to a divorce instigated by her husband she was not legally able to gain custody unless he consented 4 nbsp D H Lawrence and Frieda 1914 They had intended to return to the continent but the outbreak of war kept them in England where they endured official harassment and censorship 5 They also struggled with limited resources and Lawrence s already frail health 6 Leaving postwar England at the earliest opportunity they traveled widely eventually settling at the Kiowa Ranch near Taos New Mexico and in Lawrence s last years at the Villa Mirenda near Scandicci in Tuscany After her husband s death in Vence France in 1930 she returned to Taos to live with her third husband Angelo Ravagli 7 The ranch is now owned by the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque 8 Georgia O Keeffe who knew her in Taos said in 1974 Frieda was very special I can remember very clearly the first time I ever saw her standing in a doorway with her hair all frizzed out wearing a cheap red calico dress that looked as though she d just wiped out the frying pan with it She was not thin and not young but there was something radiant and wonderful about her 9 Joseph Glasco became close friends with Frieda when he and William Goyen lived together in Taos in the 1950s At one point Frieda asked Glasco to arrange an exhibition of D H Lawrence s paintings They remained friends until her death in 1956 10 Mainly through her elder sister Else von Richthofen Frieda became acquainted with many intellectuals and authors including the socioeconomist Alfred Weber and sociologist Max Weber the radical psychoanalyst Otto Gross who became her lover and the writer Fanny zu Reventlow 11 Lady Chatterley s Lover edit Lawrence s Lady Chatterley s Lover is thought to be based partly on her relationship as an aristocrat with the working class Lawrence John Harte s dramatisation led to it being Lawrence s only novel to be staged She loved the play when she read it and supported its staging but the copyright to Lawrence s story had already been acquired by Baron Philippe de Rothschild a close friend He did not relinquish it until 1960 after the film version had been released John Harte s play was first produced at The Arts Theatre London in 1961 five years after her death 12 Death editFrieda Lawrence died on her seventy seventh birthday in Taos 13 In popular culture editFrieda Lawrence s life inspired the biographical novel Frieda The Original Lady Chatterley Two Roads 2018 by Annabel Abbs The novel was a Times Book of the Month 14 then a Times Book of the Year 2018 15 Abbs also wrote about Lawrence s love for walking and the great outdoors in Windswept Walking in the Footsteps of Remarkable Women Two Roads 2021 She is an important character in On the Rocks a play by Amy Rosenthal which deals with her sometimes difficult relationship with D H Lawrence 16 Lawrence was the inspiration for the character Harriet Somers played by Judy Davis 17 in the Australian film Kangaroo 1987 The film is based on D H Lawrence s semi autobiographical novel of the same name 18 Bibliography editAutobiography edit Lawrence Frieda von Richthofen Not I but the Wind With an afterword by Harry T Moore New York Viking 1934 Reprint Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press 1974 LCCN 74 8660 ISBN 0809306905 Biographies edit Byrne Janet A Genius for Living The Life of Frieda Lawrence New York HarperCollins 1995 ISBN 0060190019 Crotch Martha Gordon Memories of Frieda Lawrence Edinburgh Tragara Press 1975 ISBN 0902616196 Green Martin The von Richthofen Sisters The Triumphant and the Tragic Modes of Love Else and Frieda Von Richthofen Otto Gross Max Weber and D H Lawrence in the Years 1870 1970 New York Basic Books 1974 ISBN 0465090508 Jackson Rosie Frieda Lawrence Including Not I But the Wind and other autobiographical writings London and San Francisco Pandora an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers 1994 Lawrence Frieda von Richthofen Harry T Moore and Dale B Montague eds Frieda Lawrence and Her Circle Letters from to and About Frieda Lawrence London Macmillan 1981 ISBN 0333276000 Lucas Robert Frieda Lawrence The Story of Frieda Von Richthofen and D H Lawrence New York Viking Press 1973 Squires Michael and Talbot Lynn K Living at the Edge A Biography of D H Lawrence and Frieda Von Richthofen Madison Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin Press 2002 Squires Michael D H Lawrence and Frieda A Portrait of Love and Loyalty London Welbeck Publishing Group Limited 2008 Squires Michael The Limits of Love The Lives of D H Lawrence and Frieda Von Richthofen Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press 2023 originated in part from D H Lawrence and Frieda A Portrait of Love and Loyalty Tedlock Jr E W ed Frieda Lawrence The Memoirs and Correspondence New York Alfred A Knopf 1964 References edit Frieda Lawrence An Inventory of Her Collection Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center University of Texas at Austin Archived from the original on December 10 2019 Retrieved August 13 2018 Kendrick Walter November 27 1994 A Thing About Men and a Thing About Women The New York Times Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved May 13 2018 Sword Helen 1995 Engendering Inspiration Visionary Strategies in Rilke Lawrence and H D Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press p 82 ISBN 978 0472105946 LCCN 95040616 OCLC 33131763 Anderson Hephzibah 18 November 2018 Frieda The Original Lady Chatterley by Annabel Abbs review DH Lawrence s muse The Observer Archived from the original on 18 November 2018 Retrieved 18 November 2018 Alberge Dalya March 23 2013 D H Lawrence s Poetry Saved from the Censor s Pen The Guardian Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Kunkel Benjamin December 19 2005 The Deep End The New Yorker Retrieved August 13 2018 DH Lawrence s Wife Was the Real Lady Chatterley The Telegraph February 28 2005 Archived from the original on August 14 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Bush Mike Stiny Andy January 9 2015 Brushing the Cobwebs Off the D H Lawrence Ranch Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on June 25 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Tomkins Calvin March 4 1974 Georgia O Keeffe s Vision The New Yorker Retrieved May 25 2018 Raeburn Michael 2015 Joseph Glasco The Fifteenth American London Cacklegoose Press p 127 ISBN 9781611688542 Roth Gunther July 2010 Edgar Jaffe and Else von Richthofen in the Mirror of Newly Found Letters Max Weber Studies 10 2 151 188 doi 10 1353 max 2010 a808805 ISSN 1470 8078 JSTOR 24579567 S2CID 178085610 Moran James The Theatre of D H Lawrence Dramatic Modernist and Theatrical Innovator London and New York Bloomsbury Methuen Drama 2015 Bevington Helen Smith 1983 The Journey is Everything A Journal of the Seventies Durham NC Duke University Press pp 134 ISBN 978 0822305538 LCCN 83005582 OCLC 9412283 frieda lawrence death birthday taos Senior Antonia Review Historical fiction round up The real Lady Chatterley The Times ISSN 0140 0460 Archived from the original on 2023 05 04 Retrieved 2023 05 04 Senior Antonia Books of the year 2018 historical fiction The Times ISSN 0140 0460 Archived from the original on 2023 05 04 Retrieved 2023 05 04 Billington Michael July 2 2008 Theatre Review On the Rocks The Guardian Archived from the original on August 13 2018 Retrieved August 13 2018 Mills Nancy April 4 1987 Judy Davis is Back on the U S Scene in Kangaroo Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on February 24 2019 Retrieved August 13 2018 Ebert Roger March 27 1987 Kangaroo Movie Review amp Film Summary 1987 RogerEbert com Archived from the original on April 1 2017 Retrieved August 13 2018 External links editWorks by Frieda Lawrence at Faded Page Canada Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frieda Lawrence amp oldid 1186937086, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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