fbpx
Wikipedia

French colonial architecture

April 19, 2023

French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and has begun to advertise it.[1] French Colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere (Caribbean, Guiana, Canada, Louisiana) until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.[2]

The Presidential Palace of Vietnam, in Hanoi, was built between 1900 and 1906 to host the French Governor-General of Indochina.

In Canada

French settlements in Canada date back to the mid-16th century until the French defeat in Seven Years' War where New France was annexed by the British Crown in 1763 as a result of the Treaty of Paris. The settlements in the regions were extensive, hence the abundant architectural legacy from that period shows itself particularly in Quebec City but also in the city of Montreal, which has a significant Canadien population. Most buildings constructed during the French colonial period utilized a heavy timber frame of logs installed vertically on a sill, poteaux-sur-sol, or into the earth, poteaux-en-terre. An infill of lime mortar or clay mixed with small stones (pierrotage) or a mixture of mud, moss, and animal hair (bousillage) was used to pack between the logs. Many times the infill would later be replaced with brick. This method of construction was used in the Illinois Country as well as Louisiana. General characteristics of a French Colonial dwelling included a raised basement which would support the floor of the home's primary living quarters. Exterior stairs were another common element; the stairs would often climb up to a distinctive, full-length veranda or "gallery," on a home's façade. The roof over the veranda was normally part of the overall roof. French Colonial roofs were either a steep hipped roof, with a dormer or dormers, or a side-gabled roof. The veranda or gallery was often accessed via French doors. French Colonial homes in the American South commonly had stuccoed exterior walls.[3]

  •  

    Quebec City presents probably the finest example of urban colonial architecture in North America

  •  

    Old Quebec (City) was listed as a UNESCO Heritage Site in 1985

  •  

    The manoir Boucher-De Niverville, located in Trois-Rivières, in Quebec province was built in the mid-17th century

  •  

    The Château Ramezay, is one of the best preserved mansion in Montreal, built in 1705.

  •  

    The Maison François-Jacquet-Dit-Langevin, located in the heart of Old Quebec, was built in 1675.

  •  

    LeBer-LeMoyne House, was an important trading post when it was built in the late 17th century. It is today in historical museum of Montreal.

  •  

    Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec, started in 1647, is the oldest church in the Americas north of the Spanish colonies in Florida and New Mexico.

In the United States

French Colonial was one of four domestic architectural styles that developed during the colonial period in what would become the United States. The other styles were Colonial Georgian, Dutch Colonial, and Spanish Colonial. French Colonial developed in the settlements of the Illinois Country and French Louisiana. It is believed to have been primarily influenced by the building styles of French Canada and the Caribbean.[4] It had its beginnings in 1699 with the establishment of French Louisiana but continued to be built after Spain assumed control of the colonial territory in 1763. Styles of building that evolved during the French colonial period include the Creole cottage, Creole townhouse, and French Creole plantation house.[5]

In Southeast Asia

 
A bistro in central Hanoi with Art Nouveau and colonial designs

French colonisation of three countries in mainland Southeast Asia—Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, known as Indochina in the 19th and 20th centuries, left a lasting architectural legacy. Most French colonial buildings, now mostly transformed for public use, are located in large urban areas, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and Phnom Penh (Cambodia).

Vietnam

Various colonial buildings and constructions have become popular tourist destinations. Major landmarks that have become icons of cities including Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City include:

Cambodia

  •  

    Phnom Penh Post Office

  •  

    Phnom Penh Royal Railway Station

  •  

    Raffles Hotel Le Royal

  •  

    Phnom Penh UNESCO office

  •  

    Railway station in Battambang

  •  

    Building in Kampot

Laos

In Africa

North Africa

19th and early 20th-century French colonial architecture is typical of the European districts of most Algerian and Tunisian cities, as well as Casablanca, Morocco. In the mid-20th-century, Algiers became an important center for Modernist architecture.

  •  

    Notre-Dame d'Afrique basilica, Algiers, Algeria

  •  

    Apartment building in Casablanca, Morocco

  •  

    Apartment building in Algiers, Algeria

  •  

    Apartment building on Rue Didouche-Mourad, Algiers, Algeria (formerly Rue Michelet)

  •  

    Rue d'Isly in Algiers (early 20th century)

  •  

    Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers (early 20th century)

West Africa

French colonial architecture is found in many large and mid-sized West African cities, with a particularly significant concentration in the former capital city, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

  •  

    Rue Lebon in Saint Louis (circa 1900)

  •  

    Colonial houses in Saint Louis

Central Africa

Brazzaville, the capital of Congo, and Douala, the largest city of Cameroon have many French colonial buildings.

  •  

    The headquarters for the French Commissioner General in Brazzaville (circa 1896–1910)

  •  

    The Chambre of Commerce in Douala, Cameroon

  •  

    The Palace of Justice in Douala

  •  

    The former residence of the French regional governor in Douala

See also

References

  1. ^ About Ho Chi Minh City. eng.hochiminhcity.gov.vn.
  2. ^ "Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire | McGill-Queen's University Press". www.mqup.ca.
  3. ^ Bigolin, Steve. "The Landmarks of Barb City"[permanent dead link], Daily Chronicle, 28 February 2005. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  4. ^ Gamble, Robert Historic architecture in Alabama: a guide to styles and types, 1810-1930, page 180. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8173-1134-3.
  5. ^ "French Creole Architecture". Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation. National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  6. ^ "Top 10 Colonial Buildings in Phnom Penh". Going Colonial. 2018-09-12. Retrieved 2019-11-15.

April 19, 2023
french, colonial, architecture, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tool. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization Many former French colonies especially those in Southeast Asia have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism however in recent times the new generation of local authorities has somewhat embraced the architecture and has begun to advertise it 1 French Colonial architecture has a long history beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere Caribbean Guiana Canada Louisiana until the 19th century when the French turned their attention more to Africa Asia and the Pacific 2 The Presidential Palace of Vietnam in Hanoi was built between 1900 and 1906 to host the French Governor General of Indochina Contents 1 In Canada 2 In the United States 3 In Southeast Asia 3 1 Vietnam 3 2 Cambodia 3 3 Laos 4 In Africa 4 1 North Africa 4 2 West Africa 4 3 Central Africa 5 See also 6 ReferencesIn Canada EditFrench settlements in Canada date back to the mid 16th century until the French defeat in Seven Years War where New France was annexed by the British Crown in 1763 as a result of the Treaty of Paris The settlements in the regions were extensive hence the abundant architectural legacy from that period shows itself particularly in Quebec City but also in the city of Montreal which has a significant Canadien population Most buildings constructed during the French colonial period utilized a heavy timber frame of logs installed vertically on a sill poteaux sur sol or into the earth poteaux en terre An infill of lime mortar or clay mixed with small stones pierrotage or a mixture of mud moss and animal hair bousillage was used to pack between the logs Many times the infill would later be replaced with brick This method of construction was used in the Illinois Country as well as Louisiana General characteristics of a French Colonial dwelling included a raised basement which would support the floor of the home s primary living quarters Exterior stairs were another common element the stairs would often climb up to a distinctive full length veranda or gallery on a home s facade The roof over the veranda was normally part of the overall roof French Colonial roofs were either a steep hipped roof with a dormer or dormers or a side gabled roof The veranda or gallery was often accessed via French doors French Colonial homes in the American South commonly had stuccoed exterior walls 3 Quebec City presents probably the finest example of urban colonial architecture in North America Old Quebec City was listed as a UNESCO Heritage Site in 1985 The manoir Boucher De Niverville located in Trois Rivieres in Quebec province was built in the mid 17th century The Chateau Ramezay is one of the best preserved mansion in Montreal built in 1705 The Maison Francois Jacquet Dit Langevin located in the heart of Old Quebec was built in 1675 LeBer LeMoyne House was an important trading post when it was built in the late 17th century It is today in historical museum of Montreal Cathedral Basilica of Notre Dame de Quebec started in 1647 is the oldest church in the Americas north of the Spanish colonies in Florida and New Mexico In the United States EditFrench Colonial was one of four domestic architectural styles that developed during the colonial period in what would become the United States The other styles were Colonial Georgian Dutch Colonial and Spanish Colonial French Colonial developed in the settlements of the Illinois Country and French Louisiana It is believed to have been primarily influenced by the building styles of French Canada and the Caribbean 4 It had its beginnings in 1699 with the establishment of French Louisiana but continued to be built after Spain assumed control of the colonial territory in 1763 Styles of building that evolved during the French colonial period include the Creole cottage Creole townhouse and French Creole plantation house 5 Ursuline Convent in New Orleans built c 1752 It is the oldest surviving building from the French colonial period in New Orleans It is an example of stuccoed brick construction Gabriel Peyroux House in New Orleans built c 1780 is an example of briquette entre poteaux brick between post construction Lorreins Plantation aka Old Spanish Customs House in New Orleans built c 1784 Destrehan Plantation near Destrehan St Charles Parish Louisiana built c 1787 portions were altered in 1840 to reflect the Greek Revival style Bequette Ribault House in Ste Genevieve Missouri c 1789 is an example of poteaux en terre construction Louis Bolduc House Museum in Ste Genevieve Missouri c 1792 is an example of poteaux sur sol construction Parlange Plantation House in Mix Louisiana was built c 1754 and is an early example of French Colonial architecture in the United States In Southeast Asia Edit A bistro in central Hanoi with Art Nouveau and colonial designs French colonisation of three countries in mainland Southeast Asia Vietnam Laos and Cambodia known as Indochina in the 19th and 20th centuries left a lasting architectural legacy Most French colonial buildings now mostly transformed for public use are located in large urban areas namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam and Phnom Penh Cambodia Vietnam Edit Various colonial buildings and constructions have become popular tourist destinations Major landmarks that have become icons of cities including Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City include Hanoi Presidential Palace Hanoi Long Bien Bridge Hanoi Grand Palais built for the Hanoi Exhibition 1902 1903 destroyed during WWII Hanoi Tonkin Palace formerly housing the French governor of Tonkin Hanoi Opera House modeled on the Palais Garnier in Hanoi Hanoi State Bank of Vietnam headquarters in art deco style Hanoi National Museum of Vietnamese History formerly the first Ecole francaise d Extreme Orient Hanoi a corner of Hotel Metropole Hanoi St Joseph s Cathedral resembling Notre Dame de Paris Hanoi campus of Indochina Medical College and Universite Indochinoise Hanoi a local police station in a colonial building by Hoan Kiếm lake Hanoi a French villa in Ba Đinh District Hanoi a government office Fatherland Front HQ Ho Chi Minh City Municipal Theatre Ho Chi Minh City Hall Ho Chi Minh City Central Post Office Ho Chi Minh City Notre Dame Cathedral Basilica Dalat Palace Hotel in Đa Lạt Haiphong Opera HouseCambodia Edit In Phnom Penh Central Market Royal Railway Station Hotel Le Royal National Library of Cambodia Villa Picturesque 6 Unesco Sino Khmer Villa Phnom Penh Post Office Phnom Penh Royal Railway Station Raffles Hotel Le Royal Phnom Penh UNESCO office Railway station in Battambang Building in KampotLaos Edit A typical colonial house in Luang Prabang A French style Arts and Crafts house in VientianeIn Africa EditNorth Africa Edit 19th and early 20th century French colonial architecture is typical of the European districts of most Algerian and Tunisian cities as well as Casablanca Morocco In the mid 20th century Algiers became an important center for Modernist architecture Notre Dame d Afrique basilica Algiers Algeria Apartment building in Casablanca Morocco Apartment building in Algiers Algeria Apartment building on Rue Didouche Mourad Algiers Algeria formerly Rue Michelet Rue d Isly in Algiers early 20th century Lycee Bugeaud in Algiers early 20th century West Africa Edit French colonial architecture is found in many large and mid sized West African cities with a particularly significant concentration in the former capital city Saint Louis Senegal Rue Lebon in Saint Louis circa 1900 Colonial houses in Saint LouisCentral Africa Edit Brazzaville the capital of Congo and Douala the largest city of Cameroon have many French colonial buildings The headquarters for the French Commissioner General in Brazzaville circa 1896 1910 The Chambre of Commerce in Douala Cameroon The Palace of Justice in Douala The former residence of the French regional governor in DoualaSee also Edit France portal Architecture portalAmerican colonial architecture which states that by 1770 the briquette entre poteaux replaced earlier types of French Colonial construction Creole cottage Hotel St Pierre Lafitte s Blacksmith ShopReferences Edit About Ho Chi Minh City eng hochiminhcity gov vn Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire McGill Queen s University Press www mqup ca Bigolin Steve The Landmarks of Barb City permanent dead link Daily Chronicle 28 February 2005 Retrieved 15 February 2007 Gamble Robert Historic architecture in Alabama a guide to styles and types 1810 1930 page 180 Tuscaloosa Alabama The University of Alabama Press 1990 ISBN 0 8173 1134 3 French Creole Architecture Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation National Park Service s National Register of Historic Places Retrieved 2008 08 02 Top 10 Colonial Buildings in Phnom Penh Going Colonial 2018 09 12 Retrieved 2019 11 15 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title French colonial architecture amp oldid 1144914990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.