Fractal art (especially in the western world) is rarely drawn or painted by hand. It is usually created indirectly with the assistance of fractal-generating software, iterating through three phases: setting parameters of appropriate fractal software; executing the possibly lengthy calculation; and evaluating the product. In some cases, other graphics programs are used to further modify the images produced. This is called post-processing. Non-fractal imagery may also be integrated into the artwork.[3] The Julia set and Mandelbrot sets can be considered as icons of fractal art.[4]
It was assumed that fractal art could not have developed without computers because of the calculative capabilities they provide.[5] Fractals are generated by applying iterative methods to solving non-linear equations or polynomial equations. Fractals are any of various extremely irregular curves or shapes for which any suitably chosen part is similar in shape to a given larger or smaller part when magnified or reduced to the same size.[6]
There are many different kinds of fractal images. They can be subdivided into several groups.
Fractals derived from standard geometry by using iterative transformations on an initial common figure like a straight line (the Cantor dust or the von Koch curve), a triangle (the Sierpinski triangle), or a cube (the Menger sponge). The first fractal figures invented near the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries belong to this group.
Mandelbulbs are a kind of three dimensional fractal.
Fractal Expressionism is a term used to differentiate traditional visual art that incorporates fractal elements such as self-similarity for example. Perhaps the best example of fractal expressionism is found in Jackson Pollock's dripped patterns. They have been analysed and found to contain a fractal dimension which has been attributed to his technique.[9]
Fractals of all kinds have been used as the basis for digital art and animation. High resolution color graphics became increasingly available at scientific research labs in the mid-1980s. Scientific forms of art, including fractal art, have developed separately from mainstream culture.[10] Starting with 2-dimensional details of fractals, such as the Mandelbrot Set, fractals have found artistic application in fields as varied as texture generation, plant growth simulation, and landscape generation.
Fractals are sometimes combined with evolutionary algorithms, either by iteratively choosing good-looking specimens in a set of random variations of a fractal artwork and producing new variations, to avoid dealing with cumbersome or unpredictable parameters, or collectively, as in the Electric Sheep project, where people use fractal flames rendered with distributed computing as their screensaver and "rate" the flame they are viewing, influencing the server, which reduces the traits of the undesirables, and increases those of the desirables to produce a computer-generated, community-created piece of art.
A 3D landscape generated with Terragen, using the Mandelbrot set
The first fractal image that was intended to be a work of art was probably the famous one on the cover of Scientific American, August 1985. This image showed a landscape formed from the potential function on the domain outside the (usual) Mandelbrot set. However, as the potential function grows fast near the boundary of the Mandelbrot set, it was necessary for the creator to let the landscape grow downwards, so that it looked as if the Mandelbrot set was a plateau atop a mountain with steep sides. The same technique was used a year after in some images in The Beauty of Fractals by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Michael M. Richter. They provide a formula to estimate the distance from a point outside the Mandelbrot set to the boundary of the Mandelbrot set (and a similar formula for the Julia sets). Landscapes can, for example, be formed from the distance function for a family of iterations of the form .
Artists
Notable fractal artists include Desmond Paul Henry, Hamid Naderi Yeganeh, and musician Bruno Degazio. British artists include William Latham, who has used fractal geometry and other computer graphics techniques in his works.[12] and Vienna Forrester who creates flame fractal art using data extracted from her photographs. Greg Sams has used fractal designs in postcards, T-shirts, and textiles. American Vicky Brago-Mitchell has created fractal art which has appeared in exhibitions and on magazine covers. Scott Draves is credited with inventing flame fractals. Carlos Ginzburg has explored fractal art and developed a concept called "homo fractalus" which is based around the idea that the human is the ultimate fractal.[13] Merrin Parkers from New Zealand specialises in fractal art.[14]Kerry Mitchell wrote a "Fractal Art Manifesto", claiming that.[15] In Italy, the artist Giorgio Orefice wrote the "Fractalism" manifesto, founding a Fractalism cultural mouvement in 1999.[16]
Fractal Art is a subclass of two-dimensional visual art, and is in many respects similar to photography—another art form that was greeted by skepticism upon its arrival. Fractal images typically are manifested as prints, bringing fractal artists into the company of painters, photographers, and printmakers. Fractals exist natively as electronic images. This is a format that traditional visual artists are quickly embracing, bringing them into Fractal Art's digital realm. Generating fractals can be an artistic endeavor, a mathematical pursuit, or just a soothing diversion. However, Fractal Art is clearly distinguished from other digital activities by what it is, and by what it is not.[15]
According to Mitchell, fractal art is not computerized art, lacking in rules, unpredictable, nor something that any person with access to a computer can do well. Instead, fractal art is expressive, creative, and requires input, effort, and intelligence. Most importantly, "fractal art is simply that which is created by Fractal Artists: ART."[15]
American artist Hal Tenny was hired to design environment in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[17] There has also been a surge in fractal art distributed via Non-fungible tokens - such as work listed by Fractal_Dimensions, spectral.haus, and NetMetropolis.[18]
Exhibits
Fractal art exhibition, 2013
Fractal art has been exhibited at major international art galleries.[19] One of the first exhibitions of fractal art was "Map Art", a travelling exhibition of works from researchers at the University of Bremen.[20] Mathematicians Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Michael M. Richter discovered that the public not only found the images aesthetically pleasing but that they also wanted to understand the scientific background to the images.[21]
In 1989, fractals were part of the subject matter for an art show called Strange Attractors: Signs of Chaos at the New Museum of Contemporary Art.[10] The show consisted of photographs, installations and sculptures designed to provide greater scientific discourse to the field which had already captured the public's attention through colourful and intricate computer imagery.
In 2014, emerging British fractal artist Vienna Forrester[22] created an exhibition held at the I-node of the Planetary Collegium[23][circular reference], Kefalonia, entitled "IO. Fragmented Myths and Memories: A Fractal Exploration of Kefalonia",[24] part of the 2013–14 international arts festival "Stone Kingdom Kefalonia" commemorating the devastating 1953 Ionian earthquake.[25][circular reference] Her works were created by using geographical coordinates and photographs from parts of the island which still bear the scars.
^Trivedi, K. (1989). "Hindu Temples: Models of a Fractal Universe". The Visual Computer. 5 (4): 243–258. doi:10.1007/BF02153753. S2CID 29185088.
^Bovill, Carl (1996). Fractal geometry in architecture and design. Boston: Birkhauser. p. 153. ISBN0-8176-3795-8. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^Elysia Conner (February 25, 2009). . CasperJournal.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^Burger, Edward B.; Michael P. Starbird (2005). The heart of mathematics: an invitation to effective thinking. Springer. p. 475. ISBN1-931914-41-9. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^Steven R., Holtzman (1995). Digital Mantras: The languages of abstract and virtual worlds. MIT Press. p. 241. ISBN0-262-58143-4. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^ abPenny, Simon (1995). Critical issues in electronic media. State University of New York Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN0-7914-2317-4. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^Wang, Hongyu (2005). "Chinese aesthetics, Fractals and the Tao of Curriculum". In Doll, Jr, William E.; Fleener, Jayne; Trueit, Donna; et al. (eds.). Chaos, complexity, curriculum and culture. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. p. 301. ISBN978-0-8204-6780-1. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^"Carlos Ginzburg". Leonardo. Leonardo/ISAST, the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology. 2001. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^Jackson, William Joseph (2004). Heaven's fractal net: retrieving lost visions in the humanities, Volume 1. Indiana University Press. p. 116. ISBN0-253-21620-6. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^ abcMitchell, Kerry. "The Fractal Art Manifesto". Retrieved December 28, 2015.
^"Inaugurata la biennale d'arte contemporanea". Digitale terrestre free: canale 652 (in Italian). April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
^"Find A Designer | Professional Designers". designbro.com.
^"Mandelbrot Set Collection | OpenSea". Retrieved April 24, 2022.
^Barrow, John D. (1995). The artful universe expanded. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN0-19-280569-X. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^Robertson, George (1996). FutureNatural. London: Routledge. pp. 220–221. ISBN0-415-07013-9. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^Richard Wright. . ISEA'94 Proceedings – The Next Generation. University of Iowa. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^"Vienna Forrester - Fractal Artist". viennaforrester.art. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
Duarte, German A. (2014). Fractal Narrative. About the Relationship Between Geometries and Technology and Its Impact on Narrative Spaces. Transcript-Verlag. ISBN9783837628296.
Schroeder, Manfred (1991). Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws. Freeman. ISBN0-7167-2357-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fractal art.
Art and the Mandelbrot set (in commons.Wikimedia)
Fractals in Wikimedia
January 18, 2023
fractal, form, algorithmic, created, calculating, fractal, objects, representing, calculation, results, still, digital, images, animations, media, developed, from, 1980s, onwards, genre, computer, digital, which, part, media, mathematical, beauty, fractals, li. Fractal art is a form of algorithmic art created by calculating fractal objects and representing the calculation results as still digital images animations and media Fractal art developed from the mid 1980s onwards 2 It is a genre of computer art and digital art which are part of new media art The mathematical beauty of fractals lies at the intersection of generative art and computer art They combine to produce a type of abstract art Hindu temples feature self similar fractal like structures where parts resemble the whole 1 Islamic geometric patterns are reminiscent of fractal art as on the main dome of Selimiye Mosque in Edirne Turkey with self similar patterns Fractal art especially in the western world is rarely drawn or painted by hand It is usually created indirectly with the assistance of fractal generating software iterating through three phases setting parameters of appropriate fractal software executing the possibly lengthy calculation and evaluating the product In some cases other graphics programs are used to further modify the images produced This is called post processing Non fractal imagery may also be integrated into the artwork 3 The Julia set and Mandelbrot sets can be considered as icons of fractal art 4 It was assumed that fractal art could not have developed without computers because of the calculative capabilities they provide 5 Fractals are generated by applying iterative methods to solving non linear equations or polynomial equations Fractals are any of various extremely irregular curves or shapes for which any suitably chosen part is similar in shape to a given larger or smaller part when magnified or reduced to the same size 6 Contents 1 Types 2 Techniques 3 Landscapes 4 Artists 5 Exhibits 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksTypes Edit A detail from a non integer Multibrot set There are many different kinds of fractal images They can be subdivided into several groups Fractals derived from standard geometry by using iterative transformations on an initial common figure like a straight line the Cantor dust or the von Koch curve a triangle the Sierpinski triangle or a cube the Menger sponge The first fractal figures invented near the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries belong to this group IFS iterated function systems Strange attractors Fractal flame L system fractals Fractals created by the iteration of complex polynomials perhaps the most famous fractals Newton fractals including Nova fractals Quaternionic and recently hypernionic clarification needed fractals 7 Fractal terrains generated by random fractal processes 8 Mandelbulbs are a kind of three dimensional fractal Fractal Expressionism is a term used to differentiate traditional visual art that incorporates fractal elements such as self similarity for example Perhaps the best example of fractal expressionism is found in Jackson Pollock s dripped patterns They have been analysed and found to contain a fractal dimension which has been attributed to his technique 9 Techniques EditMain article Fractal generating software Fractal image generated by Electric Sheep A Fibonacci word fractal A 3D Mandelbulb fractal generated using Visions of Chaos 3D fractal fantasy generated using LAI4D A piece generated by Mandelbulb3D A piece generated in ApophysisFractals of all kinds have been used as the basis for digital art and animation High resolution color graphics became increasingly available at scientific research labs in the mid 1980s Scientific forms of art including fractal art have developed separately from mainstream culture 10 Starting with 2 dimensional details of fractals such as the Mandelbrot Set fractals have found artistic application in fields as varied as texture generation plant growth simulation and landscape generation Fractals are sometimes combined with evolutionary algorithms either by iteratively choosing good looking specimens in a set of random variations of a fractal artwork and producing new variations to avoid dealing with cumbersome or unpredictable parameters or collectively as in the Electric Sheep project where people use fractal flames rendered with distributed computing as their screensaver and rate the flame they are viewing influencing the server which reduces the traits of the undesirables and increases those of the desirables to produce a computer generated community created piece of art Many fractal images are admired because of their perceived harmony This is typically achieved by the patterns which emerge from the balance of order and chaos Similar qualities have been described in Chinese painting and miniature trees and rockeries 11 Landscapes EditMain article Fractal landscape A 3D landscape generated with Terragen using the Mandelbrot set The first fractal image that was intended to be a work of art was probably the famous one on the cover of Scientific American August 1985 This image showed a landscape formed from the potential function on the domain outside the usual Mandelbrot set However as the potential function grows fast near the boundary of the Mandelbrot set it was necessary for the creator to let the landscape grow downwards so that it looked as if the Mandelbrot set was a plateau atop a mountain with steep sides The same technique was used a year after in some images in The Beauty of Fractals by Heinz Otto Peitgen and Michael M Richter They provide a formula to estimate the distance from a point outside the Mandelbrot set to the boundary of the Mandelbrot set and a similar formula for the Julia sets Landscapes can for example be formed from the distance function for a family of iterations of the form z 2 a z 4 c displaystyle z 2 az 4 c Artists EditNotable fractal artists include Desmond Paul Henry Hamid Naderi Yeganeh and musician Bruno Degazio British artists include William Latham who has used fractal geometry and other computer graphics techniques in his works 12 and Vienna Forrester who creates flame fractal art using data extracted from her photographs Greg Sams has used fractal designs in postcards T shirts and textiles American Vicky Brago Mitchell has created fractal art which has appeared in exhibitions and on magazine covers Scott Draves is credited with inventing flame fractals Carlos Ginzburg has explored fractal art and developed a concept called homo fractalus which is based around the idea that the human is the ultimate fractal 13 Merrin Parkers from New Zealand specialises in fractal art 14 Kerry Mitchell wrote a Fractal Art Manifesto claiming that 15 In Italy the artist Giorgio Orefice wrote the Fractalism manifesto founding a Fractalism cultural mouvement in 1999 16 Fractal Art is a subclass of two dimensional visual art and is in many respects similar to photography another art form that was greeted by skepticism upon its arrival Fractal images typically are manifested as prints bringing fractal artists into the company of painters photographers and printmakers Fractals exist natively as electronic images This is a format that traditional visual artists are quickly embracing bringing them into Fractal Art s digital realm Generating fractals can be an artistic endeavor a mathematical pursuit or just a soothing diversion However Fractal Art is clearly distinguished from other digital activities by what it is and by what it is not 15 According to Mitchell fractal art is not computerized art lacking in rules unpredictable nor something that any person with access to a computer can do well Instead fractal art is expressive creative and requires input effort and intelligence Most importantly fractal art is simply that which is created by Fractal Artists ART 15 American artist Hal Tenny was hired to design environment in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2 17 There has also been a surge in fractal art distributed via Non fungible tokens such as work listed by Fractal Dimensions spectral haus and NetMetropolis 18 Exhibits Edit Fractal art exhibition 2013 Fractal art has been exhibited at major international art galleries 19 One of the first exhibitions of fractal art was Map Art a travelling exhibition of works from researchers at the University of Bremen 20 Mathematicians Heinz Otto Peitgen and Michael M Richter discovered that the public not only found the images aesthetically pleasing but that they also wanted to understand the scientific background to the images 21 In 1989 fractals were part of the subject matter for an art show called Strange Attractors Signs of Chaos at the New Museum of Contemporary Art 10 The show consisted of photographs installations and sculptures designed to provide greater scientific discourse to the field which had already captured the public s attention through colourful and intricate computer imagery In 2014 emerging British fractal artist Vienna Forrester 22 created an exhibition held at the I node of the Planetary Collegium 23 circular reference Kefalonia entitled IO Fragmented Myths and Memories A Fractal Exploration of Kefalonia 24 part of the 2013 14 international arts festival Stone Kingdom Kefalonia commemorating the devastating 1953 Ionian earthquake 25 circular reference Her works were created by using geographical coordinates and photographs from parts of the island which still bear the scars See also Edit Visual arts portal Mathematics portalBatik Fractal curve Greeble Mathematics and architecture Persian carpet Psychedelic art Systems art Infinite compositions of analytic functionsReferences Edit Trivedi K 1989 Hindu Temples Models of a Fractal Universe The Visual Computer 5 4 243 258 doi 10 1007 BF02153753 S2CID 29185088 Bovill Carl 1996 Fractal geometry in architecture and design Boston Birkhauser p 153 ISBN 0 8176 3795 8 Retrieved October 28 2011 Elysia Conner February 25 2009 Meet Reginald Atkins mathematical artist CasperJournal com Archived from the original on April 20 2012 Retrieved October 28 2011 Burger Edward B Michael P Starbird 2005 The heart of mathematics an invitation to effective thinking Springer p 475 ISBN 1 931914 41 9 Retrieved October 30 2011 Steven R Holtzman 1995 Digital Mantras The languages of abstract and virtual worlds MIT Press p 241 ISBN 0 262 58143 4 Retrieved October 28 2011 Fractal Definition Free Merriam Webster Dictionary Quaternion Julia Fractals Fractal Art FAQ Erdi Peter 2008 Complexity explained Springer p 214 ISBN 978 3 540 35777 3 Retrieved October 29 2011 a b Penny Simon 1995 Critical issues in electronic media State University of New York Press pp 81 82 ISBN 0 7914 2317 4 Retrieved October 29 2011 Wang Hongyu 2005 Chinese aesthetics Fractals and the Tao of Curriculum In Doll Jr William E Fleener Jayne Trueit Donna et al eds Chaos complexity curriculum and culture New York Peter Lang Publishing p 301 ISBN 978 0 8204 6780 1 Retrieved October 28 2011 Briggs John 1992 Fractals The Patterns of Chaos London Thames and Hudson p 169 ISBN 0 500 27693 5 Carlos Ginzburg Leonardo Leonardo ISAST the International Society for the Arts Sciences and Technology 2001 Retrieved October 29 2011 Jackson William Joseph 2004 Heaven s fractal net retrieving lost visions in the humanities Volume 1 Indiana University Press p 116 ISBN 0 253 21620 6 Retrieved October 30 2011 a b c Mitchell Kerry The Fractal Art Manifesto Retrieved December 28 2015 Inaugurata la biennale d arte contemporanea Digitale terrestre free canale 652 in Italian April 17 2019 Retrieved November 11 2021 Find A Designer Professional Designers designbro com Mandelbrot Set Collection OpenSea Retrieved April 24 2022 Barrow John D 1995 The artful universe expanded Oxford University Press p 69 ISBN 0 19 280569 X Retrieved October 28 2011 Robertson George 1996 FutureNatural London Routledge pp 220 221 ISBN 0 415 07013 9 Retrieved October 28 2011 Richard Wright Art and Science in Chaos Contesting Readings of Scientific Visualisation ISEA 94 Proceedings The Next Generation University of Iowa Archived from the original on October 1 2011 Retrieved October 28 2011 Vienna Forrester Fractal Artist viennaforrester art Retrieved June 17 2021 Planetary Collegium VIENNA FORRESTER Fragmented Myths and Memories Ionion Center for the Arts and Culture Retrieved June 17 2021 1953 Ionian earthquakeFurther reading EditDuarte German A 2014 Fractal Narrative About the Relationship Between Geometries and Technology and Its Impact on Narrative Spaces Transcript Verlag ISBN 9783837628296 Pickover Clifford 1990 Computers Pattern Chaos and Beauty St Martin s Press ISBN 0 486 41709 3 Schroeder Manfred 1991 Fractals Chaos Power Laws Freeman ISBN 0 7167 2357 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fractal art Art and the Mandelbrot set in commons Wikimedia Fractals in Wikimedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fractal art amp oldid 1125656645, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
