1953 Ionian earthquake
The 1953 Ionian earthquake (also known as the Great Kefalonia earthquake) struck the southern Ionian Islands in Greece on August 12. In mid-August, there were over 113 recorded earthquakes in the region between Kefalonia and Zakynthos, and the most destructive was the August 12 earthquake. The event measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale, raised the whole island of Kefalonia by 60 cm (24 in), and caused widespread damage throughout the islands of Kefalonia and Zakynthos.[2] The maximum felt intensity of shaking was X (extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Between 445 and 800 people were killed.[3]
| UTC time | 1953-08-12 09:23:55 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 891904 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | August 12, 1953 |
| Local time | 11:23:55 |
| Magnitude | 6.8 Mw(ISC) |
| Depth | 10 km (6 mi) |
| Epicenter | 38°11′N 20°56′E / 38.18°N 20.94°ECoordinates: 38°11′N 20°56′E / 38.18°N 20.94°E |
| Areas affected | Greece |
| Max. intensity | X (Extreme) [1] |
| Foreshocks | 6.3 Mw (ISC) Aug 9 at 07:41 6.5 Mw (ISC) Aug 11 at 03:32 |
| Aftershocks | 6.2 Mw (ISC) Aug 12 at 12:05 |
| Casualties | 445–800[1] |
Earthquake
The earthquake struck at 09:23:55 (UTC) or 11:23:55 (local time); the Royal Navy vessels HMS Gambia and HMS Bermuda were among the first on the scene. In addition, four Israeli warships received calls for help coming from the island of Kefalonia and the ships headed to the island. The sailors provided emergency medical aid, food, and water. This was the first time Israel provided aid to a disaster-stricken area.
Although known as the "Great Kefalonia earthquake", damage was very heavy in Zakynthos' eponymous capital city. Only two buildings survived there; the rest of the island's capital had to be rebuilt. Argostoli, the capital of Kefalonia, suffered substantial damage and all of Kefalonia's buildings were flattened except for those in Fiskardo in the far north.
Damage
As well as causing major destruction on the two islands, the economic impact was far greater, and damage was estimated to have totaled billions of drachmas. Many people fled the island: some people temporarily moved to the capital, however the majority emigrated out of Greece entirely to countries such as Canada, USA, Australia or the UK, leaving both the islands and their economy in ruins.
On November 15, 1953 The Greek state issued a special set of 2 stamps dedicated to the earthquake. One stamp was of 300 drachmas value (equivalent to $10 in those days) depicting the collapsing bell tower of the Faneromeni Church at Zakynthos. The other stamp, denominated at 500 drachmas ($16,67), showed the damage to the famous De Bosset stone bridge at the Argostoli bay. The stamp set was issued in order to support financially the earthquake fund for the relief of those who had suffered.[4][5]
An Italian mission of the National Fire and rescue Services (Corpo Nazionale dei Vigili del Fuoco) was sent to help people and save heritage artifacts.
Aftermath
Earthquakes still regularly affect the islands of Zakynthos and Kefalonia, including several 2006 earthquakes in Zakynthos and others in 2003 and 2005. There were also several large earthquakes on January 26 and February 3, 2014, measuring 6.1 and 6.0 on the Richter scale. The epicenters of both were in Kefalonia at very shallow depths and caused damage in the island. On October 25, 2018 there was a 6.8 magnitude earthquake off the coast that damaged parts of the Zante port docks. Following that quake, there were more than 50 additional quakes over 4 magnitude in the Ionian Sea between the 25th and the end of October.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
- ^ Bittlestone, Robert (2005). Odysseus Unbound: The Search for Homer's Ithaca. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521853576.
- ^ National Centers for Environmental Information. "Significant earthquake". The significant earthquake database. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
- ^ Ερμής 2017: Γραμματόσημα Ελλάδος 1861-2016 και ταχυδρομική ιστορία (in Greek). [= Hermes 2017: Stamps of Greece 1861-2016 and Postal History]. Athens: Philatelic Hermes. 2016. p. 163.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "1953. Στα Ιόνια νησιά". Χανώτικα Νέα (in Greek). Chania. 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
- ^ USGS (October 29, 2018), USGS Recent Earthquakes, Version 2018_06.1, United States Geological Survey
Further reading
- Papazachos, B.C. (1996), "Large seismic faults in the Hellenic Arc" (PDF), Annali di Geofisica, 39 (5): 891–903
- Stiros, S. C; Pirazzoli, P. A.; Laborel, J.; Laborel-Deguen, F. (1994), "The 1953 earthquake in Cephalonia (Western Hellenic Arc): Coastal uplift and halotectonic faulting", Geophysical Journal International, 117 (3): 834–849, Bibcode:1994GeoJI.117..834S, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb02474.x
External links
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
- The earthquake of Kefalonia in 1953 – Natural History Museum of Crete