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The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Swedish: Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communistpolitical party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.
The SKP was banned by the state from its founding[1] and did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920s the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both of them were also banned. In 1944, a new front, Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.
Labour Day march of the Communist Party of Finland on Kaivokatu in Helsinki on May 1, 1960Leaders of the Communist Party of Finland: Ensio Laine (left), Markus Kainulainen, Taisto Sinisalo, Aarne Saarinen, Arvo Aalto, and Erkki Kivimäki in 1970
The Cold War era was the high point of Communists in Finland. Between 1944 and 1979 support of the Finnish People's Democratic League was in the range of 17%–24%. Communists participated in several cabinets, but Finland never had a communist Prime Minister or President. In the mid-1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 40 000 (1.44% of the working age population).[2] with the SKP's main rival for domination of the political left being the Social Democratic Party of Finland. The competition was very bitter in trade unions and other leftist organizations.
The SKP received substantial financial support from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.[3] Internally, SKP was divided, with a Eurocommunist mainstream and a hardline pro-Moscow minority, called the Taistoists after their leader, Taisto Sinisalo. The word "taisto" also means "battle" or "fight"; the double connotation made this slur, originally launched by the largest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, stick. Soviet threats to withdraw support were the main reason why majority did not expel the Taistoists from the party leadership or membership.[citation needed]
Aftermaths of the Prague Springedit
The events of the Prague Spring followed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia had strong repercussions on the SKP. With the SKP's leadership strongly denouncing the Soviet intervention, internal disputes became fiercer than ever. While a de facto Eurocommunist majority held sway, the Taistoist minority decisively stood by the Soviet Union and the Brezhnev doctrine.[4] Gradually this led to a disintegration, and in practice, the party now consisted of two parallel structures, and gradually lost ground in terms of public support.[5] The most hardline leader of the party, Markus Kainulainen, led a group that even opposed Soviet policies after the Perestroika had begun.
In 1985–1986 a large number of Taistoists, hundreds of party organizations with thousands of members, were expelled. They regrouped as the Communist Party of Finland (Unity) (SKPy) which later evolved into the current Communist Party of Finland (1994).
Collapseedit
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to ideological conflicts: bitter internal disputes plagued the party. Bad stock-market investments made during Aalto's term of office resulted in financial bankruptcy in 1992. The SKP never recovered. A majority of the party members, with other member-organizations of SKDL, formed the Left Alliance in 1990.
SKPy, originally the faction of the party expelled in 1985–1986, outlasted its parent and registered itself as the Communist Party of Finland in 1997, but has failed to regain the former Communist Party's parliamentary representation. In the elections of 2007 it won 0.7% of the vote; in April 2011, it won just 0.3%.[6]
^Saarela, Tauno (1996). Suomalaisen kommunismin synty 1918–1923 (in Finnish). Kansan Sivistystyön Liitto. pp. 23–24, 161. ISBN951-9455-55-8.
^Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H. Communism and Economic Development, in the American Political Science Review, vol. 62, no. 1. (Mar. 1968), pp. 122.
^Rentola, Kimmo (1997). Niin kylmää että polttaa - Kommunistit, Kekkonen ja Kreml (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. p. 177. ISBN951-1-14497-9.
^Tuomioja, Erkki (2008). "The Effects of the Prague Spring in Europe". Retrieved 2 January 2015.
^Jakobson, Max (1998). "The Communist Split". Finland in the New Europe. CSIS Washington Papers. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 77ff. ISBN0-275-96372-1.
^ 9.232 of 2.939.571 (Ministry of Justice Finland 20 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
^ abKrekola, Joni (2006). Stalinismin lyhyt kurssi (in Finnish). SKS. p. 108.
February 23, 2024
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This article is about the historical Communist Party of Finland For the current party see Communist Party of Finland 1994 Not to be confused with Communist Workers Party For Peace and Socialism You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Finnish June 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Wikipedia article at fi Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fi Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Communist Party of Finland Finnish Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue SKP Swedish Finlands Kommunistiska Parti was a communist political party in Finland The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944 Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen PuolueAbbreviationSKPFounded29 August 1918 1918 08 29 Legalized1944Dissolved1992 1992 Split fromSocial Democratic Party of FinlandSucceeded byLeft Alliance Communist Party of Finland 1994 Youth wingYoung Communist League of Finland Democratic Youth League of FinlandIdeologyCommunismMarxism Leninism until 1970s Eurocommunism from 1970s Factions Taistoism until 1980s Political positionFar leftNational affiliationFinnish People s Democratic League SKDL International affiliationCominternColorsRedPolitics of FinlandPolitical partiesElectionsThe SKP was banned by the state from its founding 1 and did not participate in any elections with its own name Instead front organisations were used In the 1920s the communists took part in the Socialist Workers Party of Finland 1920 1923 and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders 1924 1930 Both of them were also banned In 1944 a new front Finnish People s Democratic League was formed The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non communist socialists Contents 1 History 1 1 Early stages 1 2 Cold War 1 3 Aftermaths of the Prague Spring 1 4 Collapse 2 Youth wing 3 Leaders 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp Central Committee of the exile Communist Party of Finland SKP in Moscow 1920 From left to right K M Eva Jukka Rahja Jalo Kohonen Kullervo Manner Eino Rahja Mandi Sirola and Yrjo Sirola Early stages edit In 1918 the Reds lost the Finnish Civil War The Social Democratic Party of Finland had supported the losing side and several of its leaders were exiled in Soviet Russia Some of these exiles founded the Communist Party of Finland in Moscow The SKP was illegal in Finland until 1944 and members could be imprisoned After the Continuation War the SKP dominated the Finnish People s Democratic League which was founded in 1944 as an umbrella organization of the radical left Cold War edit nbsp Labour Day march of the Communist Party of Finland on Kaivokatu in Helsinki on May 1 1960 nbsp Leaders of the Communist Party of Finland Ensio Laine left Markus Kainulainen Taisto Sinisalo Aarne Saarinen Arvo Aalto and Erkki Kivimaki in 1970The Cold War era was the high point of Communists in Finland Between 1944 and 1979 support of the Finnish People s Democratic League was in the range of 17 24 Communists participated in several cabinets but Finland never had a communist Prime Minister or President In the mid 1960s the U S State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 40 000 1 44 of the working age population 2 with the SKP s main rival for domination of the political left being the Social Democratic Party of Finland The competition was very bitter in trade unions and other leftist organizations The SKP received substantial financial support from the Soviet Union during the Cold War 3 Internally SKP was divided with a Eurocommunist mainstream and a hardline pro Moscow minority called the Taistoists after their leader Taisto Sinisalo The word taisto also means battle or fight the double connotation made this slur originally launched by the largest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat stick Soviet threats to withdraw support were the main reason why majority did not expel the Taistoists from the party leadership or membership citation needed Aftermaths of the Prague Spring edit The events of the Prague Spring followed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia had strong repercussions on the SKP With the SKP s leadership strongly denouncing the Soviet intervention internal disputes became fiercer than ever While a de facto Eurocommunist majority held sway the Taistoist minority decisively stood by the Soviet Union and the Brezhnev doctrine 4 Gradually this led to a disintegration and in practice the party now consisted of two parallel structures and gradually lost ground in terms of public support 5 The most hardline leader of the party Markus Kainulainen led a group that even opposed Soviet policies after the Perestroika had begun In 1985 1986 a large number of Taistoists hundreds of party organizations with thousands of members were expelled They regrouped as the Communist Party of Finland Unity SKPy which later evolved into the current Communist Party of Finland 1994 Collapse edit The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to ideological conflicts bitter internal disputes plagued the party Bad stock market investments made during Aalto s term of office resulted in financial bankruptcy in 1992 The SKP never recovered A majority of the party members with other member organizations of SKDL formed the Left Alliance in 1990 SKPy originally the faction of the party expelled in 1985 1986 outlasted its parent and registered itself as the Communist Party of Finland in 1997 but has failed to regain the former Communist Party s parliamentary representation In the elections of 2007 it won 0 7 of the vote in April 2011 it won just 0 3 6 Youth wing editThe youth wing of the SKP was the Communist Youth League of Finland SKNL 1925 1936 After World War II young communists were active in the SKDL s Democratic Youth League of Finland SNDL The SNDL was member of World Federation of Democratic Youth Leaders editChairmen Yrjo Sirola 1918 1920Kullervo Manner 1920 1935Hannes Makinen 1935 1937 7 Jukka Lehtosaari 1937 1938 7 Aimo Aaltonen 1944 1945 amp 1948 1966Aaro Uusitalo 1945 1948Aarne Saarinen 1966 1982Jouko Kajanoja 1982 1984Arvo Aalto 1984 1988Jarmo Wahlstrom 1988 1990Helja Tammisola 1990 1992 General secretaries Arvo Tuominen 1935 1940Ville Pessi 1944 1969Arvo Aalto 1969 1977 amp 1981 1984Erkki Kivimaki 1977 1981Aarno Aitamurto 1984 1985Esko Vainionpaa 1985 1988Helja Tammisola 1988 1990Asko Maki 1990 1992See also edit nbsp Communism portal nbsp Politics portal nbsp Finland portalKaisu Mirjami Rydberg List of Communist Party Finland breakaway parties List of Social Democratic Party Finland breakaway partiesReferences edit Saarela Tauno 1996 Suomalaisen kommunismin synty 1918 1923 in Finnish Kansan Sivistystyon Liitto pp 23 24 161 ISBN 951 9455 55 8 Benjamin Roger W Kautsky John H Communism and Economic Development in the American Political Science Review vol 62 no 1 Mar 1968 pp 122 Rentola Kimmo 1997 Niin kylmaa etta polttaa Kommunistit Kekkonen ja Kreml in Finnish Helsinki Otava p 177 ISBN 951 1 14497 9 Tuomioja Erkki 2008 The Effects of the Prague Spring in Europe Retrieved 2 January 2015 Jakobson Max 1998 The Communist Split Finland in the New Europe CSIS Washington Papers Westport Conn Praeger p 77ff ISBN 0 275 96372 1 9 232 of 2 939 571 Ministry of Justice Finland Archived 20 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine a b Krekola Joni 2006 Stalinismin lyhyt kurssi in Finnish SKS p 108 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Communist Party of Finland amp oldid 1192452425, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
