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Filippo Bonanni

Filippo Bonanni; S.J. or Buonanni (7 January 1638 – 30 March 1723) was an Italian Jesuit scholar. His many works included treatises on fields ranging from anatomy to music. He created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors in 1681, for which he is considered a founder of conchology.[2] He also published a study of lacquer that has been of lasting value since his death.[3]

Reverend
Filippo Bonanni
A man playing serpent: Engraving from Bonanni's Gabinetto Armonico
Born(1638-01-07)January 7, 1638
Died30 March 1723(1723-03-30) (aged 85)
NationalityItalian
Occupation(s)Jesuit priest, university teacher, naturalist, physicist
Known forBeing one of the founding fathers of conchology
ParentLodovico Bonanni
Academic background
Alma materRoman College
Doctoral advisorFrancesco Eschinardi[1]
Influences
Academic work
DisciplineNatural science, biology, optics
Sub-disciplineConchology
Lens manufacturing
InstitutionsKircherian Museum

Life edit

 
Flea drawn by Buonanni (1691).
 
Sea shells from Recreatione dell'occhio e della mente
 
French translation of Trattato sopra la vernice

Bonanni was born in Rome in 1638, and entered the Society of Jesus in 1654, when he was still 17 years old. After his novitiate, in 1656 he was sent to study at the Society's noted Roman College. There he became a pupil of the German scientist, Athanasius Kircher. While a student there, he undertook the manufacturing of microscopic lenses. He used his lenses to create his own microscope and to develop scientific studies of a number of specimens. He also became a skilled copper plate engraver.[3]

From Rome, Bonanni was sent to teach in the Jesuit Colleges of Orvieto and Ancona.[3] Upon Kircher's resignation of the post of Professor of Mathematics at the Roman College, Bonanni was chosen to succeed him. In 1698, years after Kircher's death (1680), Bonanni was appointed curator of the well-known collection installed in the Roman College, which had been under Kircher's care up to that point.[3][4] The Roman College asked Buonanni to take on the project of publishing a catalogue of Kircher's museum. After ten years work, he published the Musaeum Kircherianum (1709), a large folio volume that listed all of the objects in the collection and illustrated many of them.[3][2] The catalogue is divided into twelve sections (Classes) concerning the various categories of objects. The antiquities occupy the first five sections and are collected in ethnographic criteria.

Bonanni followed Aristotle in believing in theories of spontaneous generation.[2] In critiquing the experimental work of Francesco Redi, Bonanni defended the Aristotelian view.[5] Though he raised important questions—such as whether viewers through a microscope tended to see what they expected, rather than what was there—later writers tended to discount Bonanni as support for Aristotelianism waned.[6]

Nonetheless, in early writing about the nature and origins of fossils, Bonanni admitted doubts about whether theories of transport could account for the numbers and distribution of fossils. He later speculated that fossils could be divided into two groups—the remains of organisms, and the "products of natural powers." Such interpretations were consistent with the new and challenging idea that the earth must have undergone "extraordinary alterations" to explain the diversity of types and locations of fossils.[6]

Conchology edit

Bonanni created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors, Recreatione dell'occhio e della mente (1681). The two-volume guide was the first treatise devoted entirely to molluscs and included numerous engravings. Bonanni's work is significant for his careful attempts to precisely describe shell morphology. Due to the printing and engraving process, the spirals shown on the shells were reversed from dextral to sinistral, a mirror image problem that later books avoided. Zoological taxonomies of the time were based on visual characteristics, and Bonanni paid special attention to both form and color, and showed details (sometimes fanciful) of the creatures inside the shells. Although his work predated the adoption of Linnaeus' system of binomial nomenclature (genus + species), Bonanni laid the foundation for the new discipline of conchology.[2] Several later Linnaean names were based on Bonanni's work, including the name of the class Bivalvia, which he introduced.[7]

Lacquer edit

Among other topics, Bonanni wrote of the ingredients craftsmen in China used to make the lacquer they used on porcelain, a popular import item for Europe at the time. Like other researchers of the day, he went on to experiment with various recipes to recreate the lacquer used on porcelain and furniture. In 1720, Bonanni published his studies in Trattato sopra la vernice detta communemente cinese (1720), or Treatise on the Varnish commonly called Chinese. This work was republished repeatedly over the next century in several languages, and was re-issued in 1994 in its original Italian version.[3]

Scientific work edit

 
Musaeum Kircherianum, 1709

Bonanni made excellent observations, which are embodied in several works:

  • Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente

Bonanni was a shell collector and was the author of the first book devoted solely to seashells, published in Rome in 1681. Several later Linnaean names were based on his illustrations.

  • Observationes circa Viventia, quae in Rebus non Viventibus

Using a three lens microscope, in this work published in 1691 Bonanni tried to show that spontaneous generation was possible in animals "without blood and a heart", in contradiction of Francesco Redi’s experimental work. The compilation of knowledge and quality of the illustrations made this an important work.

  • Numismata Pontificum Romanorum

A two-volume study started in 1696 and completed in 1702 of the coins issued by the papacy over the centuries.

  • Musæum Kircherianum, sive Musaeum a P. Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Societatis Jesu... descriptum

The catalogue of Kircher's collection (1709).

  • Trattato sopra la vernice detta communemente Cinese

His work on lacquer, published 1720.

  • Gabinetto Armonico pieno d'istromenti sonori

Issued first time in 1722, and immediately reprinted in 1723, this is a splendid collection of 152 engravings of musical instruments from around the world.[8]

Publications edit

  • Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente nell'osservation delle chiocciole (in Italian). Varese: Felice Cesaretti. 1681.
  • Observationes circa viventia, quae in rebus non viventibus reperiuntur (in Latin). Roma: Domenico Antonio Ercole. 1691.
  • Micrographia curiosa (in Latin). Roma: Antonio De Rossi. 1703.
  • Musaeum Kircherianum (in Latin). Roma: Giorgio Placho. 1709.
  • Ordinum equestrium, et militarium catalogus (in Latin and Italian). Roma: Giorgio Placeo. 1711.
  • Rerum naturalium historia (in Latin). Roma: Giovanni Zempel. 1782.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Omodeo, Pietro (1972). "BUONANNI, Filippo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 15: Buffoli–Caccianemici (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
  2. ^ a b c d Enenkel, Karl A.E.; Smith, Paul J., eds. (2007). Early modern zoology: the construction of animals in science, literature and the visual arts. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789047422365. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Bonanni, Filippo; Perugini, Flavia (2009). Techniques of Chinese lacquer : the classic eighteenth-century treatise on Asian varnish. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 9780892369539. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  4. ^ "A Cabinet of Curiosities - Buonanni's "Ricreatione dell'Occhio e della Mente"". The Art of Living with Art. 14 October 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  5. ^ Applebaum, Wilbur (2000). Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution from Copernicus to Newton (1. publ. in pbk. ed.). New York: Garland. pp. 554–555. ISBN 9780815315032.
  6. ^ a b Rappaport, Rhoda (1997). When geologists were historians, 1665-1750. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780801433863.
  7. ^ Donkin, R.A. (1998). Beyond price : pearl and pearl-fishing : origins to the age of discoveries. Philadelphia: American Philosophical society. p. 23. ISBN 978-0871692245. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  8. ^ The engravings are by the Flemish engraver Arnold van Westerhout; see: Frank Ll. Harrison and Joan Rimmer (eds.), Antique Musical Instruments and Their Players. 152 Plates from Bonanni's 18th-Century "Gabinetto Armonico" [Rome, 1723 ed.] (London: Constable and New York, Dover, 1964), page vi, ISBN 0-486-21179-7

Bibliography edit

  • "Elogio di P. Philippo Buonanni". Giornale de' letterati d'Italia. XXXVII: 326–388. 1725.
  • Ghirardini, Cristina (2008). "Filippo Bonanni's Gabinetto armonico and the antiquiarians' writings on musical instruments". Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. 33 (1/2): 168–234. JSTOR 41818565.
  • Harrison, Frank Ll.; Rimmer, Joan, eds. (1964). Antique Musical Instruments and Their Players. 152 Plates from Bonanni's 18th Century "Gabinetto Armonico". New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21179-7.
  • Hilpert, Gisela, Filippo Bonanni und seine Gabinetto armonico, Diss., Leipzig 1945.
  • Mazzucchelli, Giammaria (1763). "BUONANNI (Filippo)". Gli scrittori d'Italia, cioè notizie storiche e critiche intorno alle vite e agli scritti dei letterati italiani. Vol. 2, part 4. Brescia: G. Bossini. pp. 2329–2333.
  • Nicéron, Jean-Pierre (1734). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des hommes illustres dans la rèpublique des lettres. Vol. XXX. pp. 22–30.
  • Mandosio, Prospero (1682). Bibliotheca romana, seu Romanorum scriptorum centuriae. Vol. II. Rome. pp. 297 ff.
  • Manget, Jean-Jacques (1731). Bibliotheca scriptorum medicorum veterum et recentiorum. Vol. I. Geneva. pp. 349–52.
  • Sommervogel, Carlos. Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jèsus. Vol. II. pp. 376–384.

External links edit

filippo, bonanni, buonanni, january, 1638, march, 1723, italian, jesuit, scholar, many, works, included, treatises, fields, ranging, from, anatomy, music, created, earliest, practical, illustrated, guide, shell, collectors, 1681, which, considered, founder, co. Filippo Bonanni S J or Buonanni 7 January 1638 30 March 1723 was an Italian Jesuit scholar His many works included treatises on fields ranging from anatomy to music He created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors in 1681 for which he is considered a founder of conchology 2 He also published a study of lacquer that has been of lasting value since his death 3 ReverendFilippo BonanniA man playing serpent Engraving from Bonanni s Gabinetto ArmonicoBorn 1638 01 07 January 7 1638Rome Papal StatesDied30 March 1723 1723 03 30 aged 85 Rome Papal StatesNationalityItalianOccupation s Jesuit priest university teacher naturalist physicistKnown forBeing one of the founding fathers of conchologyParentLodovico BonanniAcademic backgroundAlma materRoman CollegeDoctoral advisorFrancesco Eschinardi 1 InfluencesAristotle 1 Galileo Galilei 1 Athanasius Kircher 1 Honore Fabri 1 Academic workDisciplineNatural science biology opticsSub disciplineConchologyLens manufacturingInstitutionsKircherian Museum Contents 1 Life 1 1 Conchology 1 2 Lacquer 2 Scientific work 2 1 Publications 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksLife edit nbsp Flea drawn by Buonanni 1691 nbsp Sea shells from Recreatione dell occhio e della mente nbsp French translation of Trattato sopra la vernice Bonanni was born in Rome in 1638 and entered the Society of Jesus in 1654 when he was still 17 years old After his novitiate in 1656 he was sent to study at the Society s noted Roman College There he became a pupil of the German scientist Athanasius Kircher While a student there he undertook the manufacturing of microscopic lenses He used his lenses to create his own microscope and to develop scientific studies of a number of specimens He also became a skilled copper plate engraver 3 From Rome Bonanni was sent to teach in the Jesuit Colleges of Orvieto and Ancona 3 Upon Kircher s resignation of the post of Professor of Mathematics at the Roman College Bonanni was chosen to succeed him In 1698 years after Kircher s death 1680 Bonanni was appointed curator of the well known collection installed in the Roman College which had been under Kircher s care up to that point 3 4 The Roman College asked Buonanni to take on the project of publishing a catalogue of Kircher s museum After ten years work he published the Musaeum Kircherianum 1709 a large folio volume that listed all of the objects in the collection and illustrated many of them 3 2 The catalogue is divided into twelve sections Classes concerning the various categories of objects The antiquities occupy the first five sections and are collected in ethnographic criteria Bonanni followed Aristotle in believing in theories of spontaneous generation 2 In critiquing the experimental work of Francesco Redi Bonanni defended the Aristotelian view 5 Though he raised important questions such as whether viewers through a microscope tended to see what they expected rather than what was there later writers tended to discount Bonanni as support for Aristotelianism waned 6 Nonetheless in early writing about the nature and origins of fossils Bonanni admitted doubts about whether theories of transport could account for the numbers and distribution of fossils He later speculated that fossils could be divided into two groups the remains of organisms and the products of natural powers Such interpretations were consistent with the new and challenging idea that the earth must have undergone extraordinary alterations to explain the diversity of types and locations of fossils 6 Conchology edit Bonanni created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors Recreatione dell occhio e della mente 1681 The two volume guide was the first treatise devoted entirely to molluscs and included numerous engravings Bonanni s work is significant for his careful attempts to precisely describe shell morphology Due to the printing and engraving process the spirals shown on the shells were reversed from dextral to sinistral a mirror image problem that later books avoided Zoological taxonomies of the time were based on visual characteristics and Bonanni paid special attention to both form and color and showed details sometimes fanciful of the creatures inside the shells Although his work predated the adoption of Linnaeus system of binomial nomenclature genus species Bonanni laid the foundation for the new discipline of conchology 2 Several later Linnaean names were based on Bonanni s work including the name of the class Bivalvia which he introduced 7 Lacquer edit Among other topics Bonanni wrote of the ingredients craftsmen in China used to make the lacquer they used on porcelain a popular import item for Europe at the time Like other researchers of the day he went on to experiment with various recipes to recreate the lacquer used on porcelain and furniture In 1720 Bonanni published his studies in Trattato sopra la vernice detta communemente cinese 1720 or Treatise on the Varnish commonly called Chinese This work was republished repeatedly over the next century in several languages and was re issued in 1994 in its original Italian version 3 Scientific work edit nbsp Musaeum Kircherianum 1709 Bonanni made excellent observations which are embodied in several works Ricreatione dell occhio e della mente Bonanni was a shell collector and was the author of the first book devoted solely to seashells published in Rome in 1681 Several later Linnaean names were based on his illustrations Observationes circa Viventia quae in Rebus non Viventibus Using a three lens microscope in this work published in 1691 Bonanni tried to show that spontaneous generation was possible in animals without blood and a heart in contradiction of Francesco Redi s experimental work The compilation of knowledge and quality of the illustrations made this an important work Numismata Pontificum Romanorum A two volume study started in 1696 and completed in 1702 of the coins issued by the papacy over the centuries Musaeum Kircherianum sive Musaeum a P Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Societatis Jesu descriptum The catalogue of Kircher s collection 1709 Trattato sopra la vernice detta communemente Cinese His work on lacquer published 1720 Gabinetto Armonico pieno d istromenti sonori Issued first time in 1722 and immediately reprinted in 1723 this is a splendid collection of 152 engravings of musical instruments from around the world 8 Publications edit Ricreatione dell occhio e della mente nell osservation delle chiocciole in Italian Varese Felice Cesaretti 1681 Observationes circa viventia quae in rebus non viventibus reperiuntur in Latin Roma Domenico Antonio Ercole 1691 Micrographia curiosa in Latin Roma Antonio De Rossi 1703 Musaeum Kircherianum in Latin Roma Giorgio Placho 1709 Ordinum equestrium et militarium catalogus in Latin and Italian Roma Giorgio Placeo 1711 Rerum naturalium historia in Latin Roma Giovanni Zempel 1782 References edit a b c d e Omodeo Pietro 1972 BUONANNI Filippo Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 15 Buffoli Caccianemici in Italian Rome Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana ISBN 978 8 81200032 6 a b c d Enenkel Karl A E Smith Paul J eds 2007 Early modern zoology the construction of animals in science literature and the visual arts Leiden Brill ISBN 9789047422365 Retrieved 6 May 2015 a b c d e f Bonanni Filippo Perugini Flavia 2009 Techniques of Chinese lacquer the classic eighteenth century treatise on Asian varnish Los Angeles J Paul Getty Museum ISBN 9780892369539 Retrieved 6 May 2015 A Cabinet of Curiosities Buonanni s Ricreatione dell Occhio e della Mente The Art of Living with Art 14 October 2013 Retrieved 6 May 2015 Applebaum Wilbur 2000 Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution from Copernicus to Newton 1 publ in pbk ed New York Garland pp 554 555 ISBN 9780815315032 a b Rappaport Rhoda 1997 When geologists were historians 1665 1750 Ithaca N Y Cornell University Press p 127 ISBN 9780801433863 Donkin R A 1998 Beyond price pearl and pearl fishing origins to the age of discoveries Philadelphia American Philosophical society p 23 ISBN 978 0871692245 Retrieved 6 May 2015 The engravings are by the Flemish engraver Arnold van Westerhout see Frank Ll Harrison and Joan Rimmer eds Antique Musical Instruments and Their Players 152 Plates from Bonanni s 18th Century Gabinetto Armonico Rome 1723 ed London Constable and New York Dover 1964 page vi ISBN 0 486 21179 7Bibliography edit Elogio di P Philippo Buonanni Giornale de letterati d Italia XXXVII 326 388 1725 Ghirardini Cristina 2008 Filippo Bonanni s Gabinetto armonico and the antiquiarians writings on musical instruments Music in Art International Journal for Music Iconography 33 1 2 168 234 JSTOR 41818565 Harrison Frank Ll Rimmer Joan eds 1964 Antique Musical Instruments and Their Players 152 Plates from Bonanni s 18th Century Gabinetto Armonico New York Dover Publications ISBN 0 486 21179 7 Hilpert Gisela Filippo Bonanni und seine Gabinetto armonico Diss Leipzig 1945 Mazzucchelli Giammaria 1763 BUONANNI Filippo Gli scrittori d Italia cioe notizie storiche e critiche intorno alle vite e agli scritti dei letterati italiani Vol 2 part 4 Brescia G Bossini pp 2329 2333 Niceron Jean Pierre 1734 Memoires pour servir a l histoire des hommes illustres dans la republique des lettres Vol XXX pp 22 30 Mandosio Prospero 1682 Bibliotheca romana seu Romanorum scriptorum centuriae Vol II Rome pp 297 ff Manget Jean Jacques 1731 Bibliotheca scriptorum medicorum veterum et recentiorum Vol I Geneva pp 349 52 Sommervogel Carlos Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus Vol II pp 376 384 External links editLibrary resources about Filippo Bonanni Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By Filippo Bonanni Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Filippo Buonanni s Harmonic Cabinet 1722 Franceschini Pietro 1970 Buonanni Filippo Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol II New York Charles Scribner s Sons pp 591 592 Ghirardini C 2014 Bonanni Buonanni Filippo The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 974339 1 Retrieved 23 July 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Filippo Bonanni amp oldid 1223708650, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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