Jean François Fernel (Latinized as Ioannes Fernelius; 1497 – 26 April 1558)[2][3] was a French physician who introduced the term "physiology" to describe the study of the body's function.[4] He was the first person to describe the spinal canal. The lunar crater Fernelius is named after him.
He was born in Montdidier and, after receiving his early education at Clermont,[7] he entered the College of Sainte-Barbe, Paris. At first he devoted himself to mathematical and astronomical studies; but from 1534 he gave himself up entirely to medicine, in which he graduated in 1530. His general erudition, and the skill and success with which he sought to revive the study of the old Greek physicians, gained him a reputation, and ultimately the office of physician to the court.[2]Catherine de' Medici, wife of King Henry II of France, sought his advice regarding their difficulty in conceiving a child. He practiced with success, and at his death at Paris in 1558 left him a large fortune.[8] His remains were entombed at the Church of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie.[9]
Workedit
De proportionibus libri duo (1528)Jean Fernel. Universa medicina. Utrecht: Gijsbert van Zijll en Dirck van Ackersdijck, 1656.
Astronomy and geodesyedit
Fernel's Cosmotheoria (1528) records a determination (arc measurement) of a degree of arc of the meridian, which he made by counting the revolutions of his carriage wheels on a journey between Paris and Amiens.[2] Using his measurements he calculated the circumference of the earth to within one percent of the correct value. He computated a degree of a meridian would have been long 56,746 toises instead of the 57,024 that were subsequently measured.[10] His works on mathematical and astronomical subjects also include Monalosphaerium, sive astrolabii genus, generalis horarii structura et usus (1526), and De proportionibus (1528).
Physiologyedit
As a physician and professor of medicine at the Collège de Coenouailles for over 20 years, Fernel is credited with the neologism, physiology, a discipline which became one of the central topics of education and research in the field of medicine.[4] His early understanding of physiology, especially of the brain, was represented by three statements commonly quoted in physiological history:[4]
"Anatomy is to physiology as geography is to history; it describes the theatre of events."
The brain was "the seat of the mind and its parts; the mind being endowed with numerous faculties, man has rightly been provided with a larger accommodation for it than the other creature possess, and this accommodation is associated with more instruments."
"The brain is the citadel and dwelling of the human mind, the abode of thoughts and of the reason, the wellspring and origin of movement and of every sense; it occupies the highest point of the body, looking upwards, nearest to heaven."
His medical works included De naturali parte medicinae (1542), De vacuandi ratione (1545), De abditis rerum causis (1548) which included a chapter on angelology and demonology.[11] What has been called his "crowning work",[12]Universa Medicina, comprises three parts: the Physiologia (developed from the De naturali parte), the Pathologia, and the Therapeutice.
Referencesedit
^Charles Donald O'Malley, Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564, University of California Press, 1964, p. 47.
^ abcOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Fernel, Jean François". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 281.
^Charles Sherrington (2014). The Endeavour of Jean Fernel. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN9781107453784.
^ abcShane Tubbs, R (2015). "Anatomy is to physiology as geography is to history; it describes the theatre of events". Clinical Anatomy. 28 (2): 151. doi:10.1002/ca.22526. PMID 25676717. S2CID 19322528.
^Potential Taste Receptor for Fat Identified. Scientific American
^Mattes, Richard D. (2009). "Is There a Fatty Acid Taste?". Annual Review of Nutrition. 29: 305–27. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141108. PMC2843518. PMID 19400700.
^Granit, Ragnar (2008). "Fernel, Jean François". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 12 April 2019 – via Encyclopedia.com.
^Henry, Noël Étienne; Guibourt, Nicolas Jean Baptiste (1847). Pharmacopée raisonnée, ou traité de pharmacie pratique et théorique (in French) (3rd ed.). J. B. Balliére. pp. iii.
^Lazare, L. C. (1855). Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues et monuments de Paris (in French). Paris: Bureau de la revue municipale. pp. 447.
^Smith, David Eugene (July 1, 1917). "Medicine and Mathematics in the Sixteenth Century". Ann. Med. Hist. 1 (2): 125–140. OCLC 12650954. PMC7927718. PMID 33943138. (here cited p. 131).
^Nancy G. Siraisi, The Clock and the Mirror: Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance medicine Princeton University Press (1997) ISBN0691011893, p. 160.
^Welch, G. R. (2008). "In Retrospect: Fernel's Physiologia". Nature. 456 (7221): 446. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..446W. doi:10.1038/456446b. S2CID 28626298.
Further readingedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Fernel.
Hiro Hirai, "Jean Fernel and His Christian Platonic Interpretation of Galen," in: Hiro Hirai, Medical Humanism and Natural Philosophy: Renaissance Debates on Matter, Life and the Soul (Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2011), 46–79.
Charles Scott Sherrington, The Endeavour of Jean Fernel with a List of the Editions of His Writings. Canberra: U.P., 1946.
External linksedit
Jean Fernel by Victor de Beauvillé (in French)
January 01, 1970
jean, fernel, fernelius, redirects, here, crater, fernelius, crater, jean, françois, fernel, latinized, ioannes, fernelius, 1497, april, 1558, french, physician, introduced, term, physiology, describe, study, body, function, first, person, describe, spinal, ca. Fernelius redirects here For the crater see Fernelius crater Jean Francois Fernel Latinized as Ioannes Fernelius 1497 26 April 1558 2 3 was a French physician who introduced the term physiology to describe the study of the body s function 4 He was the first person to describe the spinal canal The lunar crater Fernelius is named after him Jean FernelBorn1497MontdidierDied26 April 1558FontainebleauNationalityFrenchOther namesIoannes FerneliusAcademic backgroundInfluencesGalenAcademic workDisciplineMedicineInstitutionsUniversity of ParisNotable studentsAndreas Vesalius 1 Fernel suggested that taste buds are sensitive to fat an idea which research in the early 21st century proved to be correct 5 6 Contents 1 Life 2 Work 2 1 Astronomy and geodesy 2 2 Physiology 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksLife editHe was born in Montdidier and after receiving his early education at Clermont 7 he entered the College of Sainte Barbe Paris At first he devoted himself to mathematical and astronomical studies but from 1534 he gave himself up entirely to medicine in which he graduated in 1530 His general erudition and the skill and success with which he sought to revive the study of the old Greek physicians gained him a reputation and ultimately the office of physician to the court 2 Catherine de Medici wife of King Henry II of France sought his advice regarding their difficulty in conceiving a child He practiced with success and at his death at Paris in 1558 left him a large fortune 8 His remains were entombed at the Church of Saint Jacques de la Boucherie 9 Work edit nbsp De proportionibus libri duo 1528 nbsp Jean Fernel Universa medicina Utrecht Gijsbert van Zijll en Dirck van Ackersdijck 1656 Astronomy and geodesy edit Fernel s Cosmotheoria 1528 records a determination arc measurement of a degree of arc of the meridian which he made by counting the revolutions of his carriage wheels on a journey between Paris and Amiens 2 Using his measurements he calculated the circumference of the earth to within one percent of the correct value He computated a degree of a meridian would have been long 56 746 toises instead of the 57 024 that were subsequently measured 10 His works on mathematical and astronomical subjects also include Monalosphaerium sive astrolabii genus generalis horarii structura et usus 1526 and De proportionibus 1528 Physiology edit As a physician and professor of medicine at the College de Coenouailles for over 20 years Fernel is credited with the neologism physiology a discipline which became one of the central topics of education and research in the field of medicine 4 His early understanding of physiology especially of the brain was represented by three statements commonly quoted in physiological history 4 Anatomy is to physiology as geography is to history it describes the theatre of events The brain was the seat of the mind and its parts the mind being endowed with numerous faculties man has rightly been provided with a larger accommodation for it than the other creature possess and this accommodation is associated with more instruments The brain is the citadel and dwelling of the human mind the abode of thoughts and of the reason the wellspring and origin of movement and of every sense it occupies the highest point of the body looking upwards nearest to heaven His medical works included De naturali parte medicinae 1542 De vacuandi ratione 1545 De abditis rerum causis 1548 which included a chapter on angelology and demonology 11 What has been called his crowning work 12 Universa Medicina comprises three parts the Physiologia developed from the De naturali parte the Pathologia and the Therapeutice References edit Charles Donald O Malley Andreas Vesalius of Brussels 1514 1564 University of California Press 1964 p 47 a b c nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Fernel Jean Francois Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 10 11th ed 1911 p 281 Charles Sherrington 2014 The Endeavour of Jean Fernel Cambridge University Press p 136 ISBN 9781107453784 a b c Shane Tubbs R 2015 Anatomy is to physiology as geography is to history it describes the theatre of events Clinical Anatomy 28 2 151 doi 10 1002 ca 22526 PMID 25676717 S2CID 19322528 Potential Taste Receptor for Fat Identified Scientific American Mattes Richard D 2009 Is There a Fatty Acid Taste Annual Review of Nutrition 29 305 27 doi 10 1146 annurev nutr 080508 141108 PMC 2843518 PMID 19400700 Granit Ragnar 2008 Fernel Jean Francois Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Charles Scribner s Sons Retrieved 12 April 2019 via Encyclopedia com Henry Noel Etienne Guibourt Nicolas Jean Baptiste 1847 Pharmacopee raisonnee ou traite de pharmacie pratique et theorique in French 3rd ed J B Balliere pp iii Lazare L C 1855 Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues et monuments de Paris in French Paris Bureau de la revue municipale pp 447 Smith David Eugene July 1 1917 Medicine and Mathematics in the Sixteenth Century Ann Med Hist 1 2 125 140 OCLC 12650954 PMC 7927718 PMID 33943138 here cited p 131 Nancy G Siraisi The Clock and the Mirror Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance medicine Princeton University Press 1997 ISBN 0691011893 p 160 Welch G R 2008 In Retrospect Fernel s Physiologia Nature 456 7221 446 Bibcode 2008Natur 456 446W doi 10 1038 456446b S2CID 28626298 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Fernel Granit Ragnar 1970 1980 Fernel Jean Francois Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol 4 New York Charles Scribner s Sons pp 584 6 ISBN 978 0 684 10114 9 Hiro Hirai Jean Fernel and His Christian Platonic Interpretation of Galen in Hiro Hirai Medical Humanism and Natural Philosophy Renaissance Debates on Matter Life and the Soul Boston Leiden Brill 2011 46 79 Charles Scott Sherrington The Endeavour of Jean Fernel with a List of the Editions of His Writings Canberra U P 1946 External links editJean Fernel by Victor de Beauville in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jean Fernel amp oldid 1218957464, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
