The name is derived from the Latin tensa brachia, meaning "outstretched arms".[1]
In this illustration from 1702, "B" marks the place outside the Grand Châtelet in Paris where the standard toise was displayed. "A" shows a straight toise ruler, "D" a folding one.
1 toise was divided in 6 feet (French: pieds) or 72 inches (pouces) or 864 lines (lignes) in France until 1812.
In 1799 the metre was defined to be exactly 443.296 lignes or 13,853⁄27,000 toise, with the intention that the metre should equal 1⁄10,000,000 of the distance from the pole to the equator. This had the effect of making the toise approximately 1949.03631 mm.
According to an article written in 1866, during measurement of various standard length artefacts from several countries, the toise was measured as 1,949.03632 mm.[2]: 180
Since before 1394, the standard for the toise of Paris was an iron bar embedded in the wall of the Grand Châtelet. But a little before 1667 the pillar in which the standard was embedded bent and distorted the standard. In 1667 officials constructed a new standard, but there were complaints that the new standard was about 0.5% shorter than the previous one. Nevertheless, the new standard was mandated. The old standard was since called "toise de l'Écritoire".
From 1668 to 1776 the French standard of length was the Toise of Châtelet, which was fixed outside the Grand Châtelet in Paris. In 1735 two geodetic standards were calibrated against the Toise of Châtelet. One of them, the Toise of Peru, was used for the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission. In 1766 the Toise of Peru became the official standard of length in France and was renamed Toise of the Academy (Toise de l'Académie). In 1799, after the remeasurement of the Paris meridian arc (Méridienne de France) between Dunkirk and Barcelona by Delambre and Mechain, the metre was defined as 3 pieds (feet) and 11.296 lignes (lines) of the Toise of the Academy.[3]
1 toise was exactly 2 metres in France between 1812 and 1 January 1840 (mesures usuelles).
^Clarke, A. R.; James, Henry (1867). "Abstract of the Results of the Comparisons of the Standards of Length of England, France, Belgium, Prussia, Russia, India, Australia, Made at the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 157: 161–180. doi:10.1098/rstl.1867.0010. S2CID 109333769.
^"Histoire du mètre". Direction Générale des Entreprises (DGE). Retrieved 27 December 2017.
External linksedit
Sizes.com toise page
Reference from UN United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistical Office of the United Nations
January 01, 1970
toise, toise, french, pronunciation, twaz, symbol, unit, measure, length, area, volume, originating, revolutionary, france, north, america, used, colonial, french, establishments, early, france, french, louisiana, louisiane, acadia, acadie, quebec, related, to. A toise French pronunciation twaz symbol T is a unit of measure for length area and volume originating in pre revolutionary France In North America it was used in colonial French establishments in early New France French Louisiana Louisiane Acadia Acadie and Quebec The related toesa Portuguese pronunciation tuˈezɐ was used in Portugal Brazil and other parts of the Portuguese Empire until the adoption of the metric system The name is derived from the Latin tensa brachia meaning outstretched arms 1 In this illustration from 1702 B marks the place outside the Grand Chatelet in Paris where the standard toise was displayed A shows a straight toise ruler D a folding one Contents 1 Definition 1 1 Unit of length 1 2 Unit of area 1 3 Unit of volume 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksDefinition editUnit of length edit 1 toise was divided in 6 feet French pieds or 72 inches pouces or 864 lines lignes in France until 1812 In 1799 the metre was defined to be exactly 443 296 lignes or 13 853 27 000 toise with the intention that the metre should equal 1 10 000 000 of the distance from the pole to the equator This had the effect of making the toise approximately 1949 03631 mm According to an article written in 1866 during measurement of various standard length artefacts from several countries the toise was measured as 1 949 03632 mm 2 180 Since before 1394 the standard for the toise of Paris was an iron bar embedded in the wall of the Grand Chatelet But a little before 1667 the pillar in which the standard was embedded bent and distorted the standard In 1667 officials constructed a new standard but there were complaints that the new standard was about 0 5 shorter than the previous one Nevertheless the new standard was mandated The old standard was since called toise de l Ecritoire From 1668 to 1776 the French standard of length was the Toise of Chatelet which was fixed outside the Grand Chatelet in Paris In 1735 two geodetic standards were calibrated against the Toise of Chatelet One of them the Toise of Peru was used for the Spanish French Geodesic Mission In 1766 the Toise of Peru became the official standard of length in France and was renamed Toise of the Academy Toise de l Academie In 1799 after the remeasurement of the Paris meridian arc Meridienne de France between Dunkirk and Barcelona by Delambre and Mechain the metre was defined as 3 pieds feet and 11 296 lignes lines of the Toise of the Academy 3 1 toise was exactly 2 metres in France between 1812 and 1 January 1840 mesures usuelles 1 toise 1 8 metres in Switzerland 1 toesa 6 feet Portuguese pes 1 98 m in Portugal Unit of area edit 1 toise was about 3 799 square metres or of course a square French toise as a measure for land and masonry area in France before 10 December 1799 Unit of volume edit 1 toise 8 0 cubic metres 20th century Haiti See also editUnits of measurement in France before the French Revolution Portuguese customary units Ottoman units of measurement Fathom and klafter similar unitsReferences edit toise Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Clarke A R James Henry 1867 Abstract of the Results of the Comparisons of the Standards of Length of England France Belgium Prussia Russia India Australia Made at the Ordnance Survey Office Southampton Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 157 161 180 doi 10 1098 rstl 1867 0010 S2CID 109333769 Histoire du metre Direction Generale des Entreprises DGE Retrieved 27 December 2017 External links editSizes com toise page Reference from UN United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistical Office of the United Nations Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Toise amp oldid 1183700274, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
