Chinese clothing includes the traditional hanfu and garments of ethnic minorities, as well as modern variations of indigenous Chinese dresses. Chinese clothing has been shaped through its dynastic traditions, as well as through foreign influences.[1] Chinese clothing showcases the traditional fashion sensibilities of Chinese culture traditions and forms one of the major cultural facets of Chinese civilization.[2]
Traditional Han clothing has a recorded history of more than three millennia until the end of the Ming Dynasty.[2] Most Chinese men wore Chinese black cotton shoes, but wealthy higher-class people would wear tough black leather shoes for formal occasions. Very rich and wealthy men would wear very bright, beautiful silk shoes, sometimes with leather on the inside. Women would wear silk shoes, with certain wealthy women practicing foot binding wearing coated Lotus shoes as a status symbol until in the early 20th century.
Civil and military officials
Chinese civil or military officials used a variety of codes to show their rank and position. The most recognized is the Mandarin square or rank badge. Another way to show social standing and civil rank was the use of colorful hat knobs fixed on the top of their hats. The specific hat knob on one's hat determined one's rank, as there were twelve types of hat knobs representing the nine distinctive ranks of the civil or military position. Variations existed for Ming Dynasty official headwear. In the Qing Dynasty different patterns of robes represented different ranks.
The Night Revels ofHan Xizai, originally painted by Gu Hongzhong, depicting life in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period at the end of this period. It is believed that people burned their clothing as a form of ceremony
called Shoe of Queen Marysieńka in the District Museum in Tarnów is an example of late 17th-century Qing Dynasty shoemaking.[3] The damask and satin body was mounted on cardboard sole.[3]
The rise of the Manchu Qing dynasty in many ways represented a new era in Chinese clothing, with certain styles required to be worn by all noblemen and officials. Eventually, these styles also became widespread among the commoners.[4]Manchu official headwear differed from the Ming version, but the Qing continued to use the Mandarin square.
The abolition of imperial China in 1912 had an immediate effect on dress and customs. The largely Han Chinese population immediately cut off their queues they had been forced to grow in submission to the overthrown Qing dynasty. Sun Yat-sen popularised a new style of men's wear, featuring jacket and trousers instead of the robes worn previously. Adapted from Japanese student wear, this style of dress became known as the Zhongshan suit (Zhongshan being one of Sun Yat-sen's given names in Chinese).
For women, a transformation of the traditional qipao resulted in a slender form-fitting dress with a high cut. This new "cheongsam" contrasted sharply with the traditional qipao but has largely replaced it in modern fashion. In the early republican period, the traditional dudou underbodice was largely abandoned in favor of western-style corsets and bras.
Early People's Republic
Early in the People's Republic, Mao Zedong inspired Chinese fashion with his own variant of the Zhongshan suit, which would be known to the west as Mao suit. Meanwhile, Sun Yat-sen's widow, Soong Ching-ling, popularized the cheongsam as the standard female dress. At the same time, clothing viewed as backwards and unmodern by both the Chinese as well as Westerners, was forbidden.
Around the Destruction of the "Four Olds" period in 1964, almost anything seen as part of Traditional Chinese culture would lead to problems with the CommunistRed Guards. Items that attracted dangerous attention if caught in the public included jeans, high heels, Western-style coats, ties, jewelry, cheongsams, and long hair.[5] These items were regarded as symbols of bourgeois lifestyle, which represented wealth. Citizens had to avoid them or suffer serious consequences such as torture or beatings by the guards.[5] A number of these items were thrown into the streets to embarrass the citizens.[6]
Modern fashion
Hong Kong clothing brand Shanghai Tang's design concept is inspired by historical Chinese clothing. It set out to rejuvenate Chinese fashion of the 1920s and 30s, in bright colors and with a modern twist.[7][8] Other Chinese luxury brands include NE Tiger,[9]Guo Pei,[10] and Laurence Xu.[11]
In the year 2000, dudou-inspired blouses appeared in the summer collections of Versace and Miu Miu, leading to its adoption within China as a revealing form of outerwear.
For the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens tournament, sportswear brand Kukri Sports teamed up with Hong Kong lifestyle retail store G.O.D. to produce merchandising, which included traditional Chinese jackets and Cheongsam-inspired ladies polo shirts.[12][13][14]
In recent years, renewed interest in traditional Chinese culture has led to a movement in China advocating for the revival of hanfu.[15][16][17] As more and more Chinese people like and attach importance to hanfu, Hanfu no longer only appears in Chinese drama as in the past.
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu. The decoration of two cranes on his chest are a Mandarin square "rank badge" that indicate he was a civil official of the first rank.
^Yang, Shaorong (2004). Chinese Clothing: Costumes, Adornments and Culture (Arts of China). Long River Press (published April 1, 2004). p. 3. ISBN978-1592650194.
^ abBrown, John (2006). China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs. Createspace Independent Publishing (published September 7, 2006). p. 79. ISBN978-1419648939.
^ abŁukasz Sęk. "Chiński bucik królowej Marysieńki Sobieskiej" (in Polish). it.tarnow.pl. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
^Han and Manchus: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928 by Edward Rhoads, p. 61
^ abLaw, Kam-yee. [2003] (2003). The Chinese Cultural Revolution Reconsidered: beyond purge and Holocaust. ISBN0-333-73835-7
^Wen, Chihua. Madsen, Richard P. [1995] (1995). The Red Mirror: Children of China's Cultural Revolution. Westview Press. ISBN0-8133-2488-2
^Broun, Samantha (6 April 2006). . CNN World. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
^Chevalier, Michel (2012). Luxury Brand Management. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-118-17176-9.
^"China's Hainan Airlines: Coolest cabin crew uniforms ever?". CNN World. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
^. Hong Kong Tatler. 16 March 2012. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
^. G.O.D. official website. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
^. Kukri Sports. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
^Bullock, Olivia (November 13, 2014). "Hanfu Movement Brings Back Traditional Fashion". The World of Chinese. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
^Wee, Teo Cheng (November 20, 2015). "Stepping back in time at China's schools for traditional culture and Confucianism". Retrieved July 30, 2016 – via The Straits Times.
^Zhou, Dongxu (June 18, 2015). "China Prepares 'Traditional Culture' Textbooks for Its Officials". Retrieved July 30, 2016 – via Caixin.
Further reading
Watt, James C.Y.; Wardwell, Anne E. (1997). When silk was gold: Central Asian and Chinese textiles. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN0870998250.
Jian, Li; Li, He & Sung, Hou-Mei & Shengnan, Ma (2014). Forbidden City: Imperial Treasures from the Palace Museum, Beijing. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. ISBN978-1-934351-06-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clothing of China.
January 31, 2023
chinese, clothing, includes, traditional, hanfu, garments, ethnic, minorities, well, modern, variations, indigenous, chinese, dresses, been, shaped, through, dynastic, traditions, well, through, foreign, influences, showcases, traditional, fashion, sensibiliti. Chinese clothing includes the traditional hanfu and garments of ethnic minorities as well as modern variations of indigenous Chinese dresses Chinese clothing has been shaped through its dynastic traditions as well as through foreign influences 1 Chinese clothing showcases the traditional fashion sensibilities of Chinese culture traditions and forms one of the major cultural facets of Chinese civilization 2 Qing dynasty style wedding dress Contents 1 Imperial China 1 1 Civil and military officials 1 2 Qing Dynasty 1644 1912 2 Republican era 3 Early People s Republic 4 Modern fashion 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksImperial China EditSee also Hanfu Robe of the Qianlong Emperor with the Chinese dragon the hallmark of the Emperor of China and imperial families Traditional Han clothing has a recorded history of more than three millennia until the end of the Ming Dynasty 2 Most Chinese men wore Chinese black cotton shoes but wealthy higher class people would wear tough black leather shoes for formal occasions Very rich and wealthy men would wear very bright beautiful silk shoes sometimes with leather on the inside Women would wear silk shoes with certain wealthy women practicing foot binding wearing coated Lotus shoes as a status symbol until in the early 20th century Civil and military officials Edit Chinese civil or military officials used a variety of codes to show their rank and position The most recognized is the Mandarin square or rank badge Another way to show social standing and civil rank was the use of colorful hat knobs fixed on the top of their hats The specific hat knob on one s hat determined one s rank as there were twelve types of hat knobs representing the nine distinctive ranks of the civil or military position Variations existed for Ming Dynasty official headwear In the Qing Dynasty different patterns of robes represented different ranks The Night Revels of Han Xizai originally painted by Gu Hongzhong depicting life in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period at the end of this period It is believed that people burned their clothing as a form of ceremony Qing Dynasty 1644 1912 Edit See also Cheongsam and changshan called Shoe of Queen Marysienka in the District Museum in Tarnow is an example of late 17th century Qing Dynasty shoemaking 3 The damask and satin body was mounted on cardboard sole 3 The rise of the Manchu Qing dynasty in many ways represented a new era in Chinese clothing with certain styles required to be worn by all noblemen and officials Eventually these styles also became widespread among the commoners 4 Manchu official headwear differed from the Ming version but the Qing continued to use the Mandarin square Republican era Edit Students at Shantung Christian University 1941 The abolition of imperial China in 1912 had an immediate effect on dress and customs The largely Han Chinese population immediately cut off their queues they had been forced to grow in submission to the overthrown Qing dynasty Sun Yat sen popularised a new style of men s wear featuring jacket and trousers instead of the robes worn previously Adapted from Japanese student wear this style of dress became known as the Zhongshan suit Zhongshan being one of Sun Yat sen s given names in Chinese For women a transformation of the traditional qipao resulted in a slender form fitting dress with a high cut This new cheongsam contrasted sharply with the traditional qipao but has largely replaced it in modern fashion In the early republican period the traditional dudou underbodice was largely abandoned in favor of western style corsets and bras Early People s Republic EditEarly in the People s Republic Mao Zedong inspired Chinese fashion with his own variant of the Zhongshan suit which would be known to the west as Mao suit Meanwhile Sun Yat sen s widow Soong Ching ling popularized the cheongsam as the standard female dress At the same time clothing viewed as backwards and unmodern by both the Chinese as well as Westerners was forbidden Around the Destruction of the Four Olds period in 1964 almost anything seen as part of Traditional Chinese culture would lead to problems with the Communist Red Guards Items that attracted dangerous attention if caught in the public included jeans high heels Western style coats ties jewelry cheongsams and long hair 5 These items were regarded as symbols of bourgeois lifestyle which represented wealth Citizens had to avoid them or suffer serious consequences such as torture or beatings by the guards 5 A number of these items were thrown into the streets to embarrass the citizens 6 Modern fashion EditHong Kong clothing brand Shanghai Tang s design concept is inspired by historical Chinese clothing It set out to rejuvenate Chinese fashion of the 1920s and 30s in bright colors and with a modern twist 7 8 Other Chinese luxury brands include NE Tiger 9 Guo Pei 10 and Laurence Xu 11 In the year 2000 dudou inspired blouses appeared in the summer collections of Versace and Miu Miu leading to its adoption within China as a revealing form of outerwear For the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens tournament sportswear brand Kukri Sports teamed up with Hong Kong lifestyle retail store G O D to produce merchandising which included traditional Chinese jackets and Cheongsam inspired ladies polo shirts 12 13 14 In recent years renewed interest in traditional Chinese culture has led to a movement in China advocating for the revival of hanfu 15 16 17 As more and more Chinese people like and attach importance to hanfu Hanfu no longer only appears in Chinese drama as in the past Gallery Edit Emperor Wu of Jin by Yan Liben 600 673 Tang dynasty court ladies from the tomb of Princess Yongtai in the Qianling Mausoleum near Xi an in Shaanxi Official Song dynasty portrait painting of Empress Cao wife of Emperor Renzong of Song Modern reconstruction of temple mural shows clothes of Yuan dynasty Ming dynasty Empress Xiao an A 15th century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu The decoration of two cranes on his chest are a Mandarin square rank badge that indicate he was a civil official of the first rank Detail of Jiang Shunfu s rank badge The Qing dynasty Qianlong Emperor in ceremonial armour on horseback Illustration of Chinese accessories from Olfert Dapper 1670 Gedenkwaerdig bedryf der Nederlandsche Oost Indische maetschappye Zhou dynasty style Chinese wedding dress China silver crown Fengguan of the Ming dynasty empress Hanfu in Ming and Qing Dynasties Weimao in Tang dynasty Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute Tang dynasty woman wearing a cross collared robe Hanfu in famous paintings of Tang Dynasty The ancient Chinese who played Go Portraits of female officials in Ming Dynasty Gu Hongzhong s Night Revels A traditional Chinese hat Queen Mother of the West from a Wall Painting in Han Dynasty Tomb Official portraits in Ming Dynasty Zhou Fang Court Ladies Tuning the Lute 28x75 Nelson Atkins Museum of Art Kansas City cropped Official portraits in Ming Dynasty Cultural relics of female headdress in the southern and Northern Dynasties Hat relics of Ming Dynasty officials religion in Ming Dynasty Tang Bohu s famous paintings Hanfu in Song Dynasty The portrait of a lady in the late Ming Dynasty The image of musicians in ancient China Daily life records of court women in Song Dynasty The portrait of Ming noblewoman Gu Hongzhong s Night Revels Clothing relics of Ming Dynasty Portrait of Li Liufang Chinese bridal wedding gown Traditional Chinese clothing See also EditChinese patchwork Hanfu Cheongsam National costume QizhuangReferences Edit Yang Shaorong 2004 Chinese Clothing Costumes Adornments and Culture Arts of China Long River Press published April 1 2004 p 3 ISBN 978 1592650194 a b Brown John 2006 China Japan Korea Culture and Customs Createspace Independent Publishing published September 7 2006 p 79 ISBN 978 1419648939 a b Lukasz Sek Chinski bucik krolowej Marysienki Sobieskiej in Polish it tarnow pl Retrieved 7 July 2014 Han and Manchus Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China 1861 1928 by Edward Rhoads p 61 a b Law Kam yee 2003 2003 The Chinese Cultural Revolution Reconsidered beyond purge and Holocaust ISBN 0 333 73835 7 Wen Chihua Madsen Richard P 1995 1995 The Red Mirror Children of China s Cultural Revolution Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 2488 2 Broun Samantha 6 April 2006 Designing a global brand CNN World Archived from the original on 26 October 2012 Retrieved 2 June 2012 Chevalier Michel 2012 Luxury Brand Management Singapore John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 17176 9 1 Archived 2014 01 10 at the Wayback Machine 1 China s Hainan Airlines Coolest cabin crew uniforms ever CNN World 14 July 2017 Retrieved 14 July 2017 G O D and Kukri Design Collaborate for the Rugby Sevens Hong Kong Tatler 16 March 2012 Archived from the original on 15 August 2012 Retrieved 19 November 2012 G O D x Kukri G O D official website Archived from the original on 15 May 2012 Retrieved 19 November 2012 Kukri and G O D collaborate on HK7s Range Kukri Sports Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 19 November 2012 Bullock Olivia November 13 2014 Hanfu Movement Brings Back Traditional Fashion The World of Chinese Retrieved July 30 2016 Wee Teo Cheng November 20 2015 Stepping back in time at China s schools for traditional culture and Confucianism Retrieved July 30 2016 via The Straits Times Zhou Dongxu June 18 2015 China Prepares Traditional Culture Textbooks for Its Officials Retrieved July 30 2016 via Caixin Further reading EditWatt James C Y Wardwell Anne E 1997 When silk was gold Central Asian and Chinese textiles New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 0870998250 Jian Li Li He amp Sung Hou Mei amp Shengnan Ma 2014 Forbidden City Imperial Treasures from the Palace Museum Beijing Richmond Virginia Virginia Museum of Fine Arts ISBN 978 1 934351 06 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clothing of China Powerhousemuseum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chinese clothing amp oldid 1131980594, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
