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Faraizi movement

The Faraizi movement (Bengali: ফরায়েজি আন্দোলন, romanizedfôrayeji andolon) was a movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Eastern Bengal to give up un-Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims (farāʾiḍ).[1] Founded in 1818, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.

Haji Shariatullah, Founder of the movement.

Views edit

The Faraizis adhered to the Hanafi school with certain differences in practices.

  • Tawbah i.e. to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul.
  • To observe strictly the obligatory duties of Faraiz.
  • Strict adherence to Tawhid
  • India being Dar al Harb, Friday prayers and Eid prayers were not obligatory.
  • Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies, which had no reference to the Quran and Sunnah, as bidah or sinful innovations.[2]

The leader of the Faraizis was called Ustad or teacher, and his disciples shaagird or students (protégé), instead of using the terms like pir and murid. A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was called Tawbar Muslim or Mumin.[2] It was a religious reform movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal. It was initially peaceful but later turned violent. The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices. Its epicentre was in Faridpur.

Reception edit

The Faraizi movement was widely taken up in the areas of greater Dhaka, Barisal, and Comilla.[1]

The landlords levied numerous abwabs (plural form of the Arabic term bab, signifying a door, a section, a chapter, a title). During Mughal India, all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs. More explicitly, abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana. Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law. Several abwabs were of a religious nature. Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords. The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows, especially on the occasion of Eid. The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban. All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords, who were all Hindus.[2][citation needed]

The Islamic-led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal, with overwhelming Anglo-Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time. The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials, incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood. In 1837, these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own. They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis, in which they benefitted dynamic co-operation of the European indigo planters. Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance, for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur.[2][additional citation(s) needed]

Succession edit

After the death of Haji Shariatullah, his son, Dudu Miyan, led the movement to a more agrarian character. He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords. In retaliation, the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him.[2] However, he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases, courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan.

The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the greta sought Dudu Miyan's protection against the oppressive landlords.

Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons, Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively. The board, with great difficulty, kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces. It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength. Nabinchandra Sen, the then sub-divisional officer of Madaripur District, thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders, who, in their turn, showed a spirit of co-operation towards the government.[2]

On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884, the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan, Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis. During this time, the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis, another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence in East Bengal. He was bestowed with the title of Khan Bahadur by the government. In 1905, on the question of the partition of Bengal, he lent support to Nawab Salimullah in favour of partition, but he died in 1906.[2]

Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad alias Badshah Miyan. During the early years of his leadership, Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co-operation towards the government. However, the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti-British and he took part in the Khilafat and non-co-operation movements. Soon after the establishment of Pakistan he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan as Dar-ul-Islam and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers of Jum'ah and Eid.[2]

List of leaders edit

Name Term
Ḥājī Sharīʿatullāh Taʿluqdār
حاجي شريعت الله تعلقدار
হাজী শরীয়তুল্লাহ তালুকদার
1818-1840
Muḥammad Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān
محمد محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں
মুহম্মদ মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা
1840-1862
Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Ḥaydar
غياث الدين حيدر
গিয়াসউদ্দীন হায়দর
1862-1864
ʿAbd al-Ghafūr Nayā Miyān
عبد الغفور نیا میاں
আব্দুল গফূর নয়া মিঞা
1864-1884
Khān Bahādur Saʿīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad
خان بهادر سعيد الدین أحمد
খাঁন বাহাদুর সাঈদউদ্দীন আহমদ
1884-1906
Abū Khālid Rashīd ad-Dīn Aḥmad Bādshāh Miyā
أبو خالد رشید الدین أحمد بادشاہ میاں
আবু খালেদ রশীদউদ্দীন আহমদ বাদশাহ মিঞা
1906-1959
Muḥsin ad-Dīn Aḥmad Dudu Miyān II
محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں الثاني
দোসরা মুহসিনউদ্দীন আহমদ দুদু মিঞা
1959-?

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Khan, Muin-ud-Din Ahmad (2012). "Shariatullah, Haji". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Khan, Muin-ud-Din Ahmed (2012). "Faraizi Movement". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

External links edit

faraizi, movement, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Faraizi movement news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Faraizi movement Bengali ফর য জ আন দ লন romanized forayeji andolon was a movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Eastern Bengal to give up un Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims faraʾiḍ 1 Founded in 1818 the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent Haji Shariatullah Founder of the movement Contents 1 Views 2 Reception 3 Succession 3 1 List of leaders 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksViews editThe Faraizis adhered to the Hanafi school with certain differences in practices Tawbah i e to be penitent for past sins as a measure for the purification of soul To observe strictly the obligatory duties of Faraiz Strict adherence to Tawhid India being Dar al Harb Friday prayers and Eid prayers were not obligatory Denouncing all cultural rites and ceremonies which had no reference to the Quran and Sunnah as bidah or sinful innovations 2 The leader of the Faraizis was called Ustad or teacher and his disciples shaagird or students protege instead of using the terms like pir and murid A person so initiated into the Faraizi fold was called Tawbar Muslim or Mumin 2 It was a religious reform movement founded in rural areas of East Bengal It was initially peaceful but later turned violent The basic aim was to discard un Islamic practices Its epicentre was in Faridpur Reception editThe Faraizi movement was widely taken up in the areas of greater Dhaka Barisal and Comilla 1 The landlords levied numerous abwabs plural form of the Arabic term bab signifying a door a section a chapter a title During Mughal India all temporary and conditional taxes and impositions levied by the government over and above regular taxes were referred to as abwabs More explicitly abwab stood for all irregular impositions on Raiyats above the established assessment of land in the Pargana Such abwabs were horribly dishonest in the eye of law Several abwabs were of a religious nature Haji Shariatullah then intervened to object to such a practice and commanded his disciples not to pay these dishonest cesses to the landlords The landlords even inflicted a ban on the slaughter of cows especially on the occasion of Eid The Faraizis ordained their peasant followers not to obey such a ban All these heated instances added up to tensed and stressed relationships amongst the Faraizis and the landlords who were all Hindus 2 citation needed The Islamic led Faraizi movement could be witnessed in various parts of Bengal with overwhelming Anglo Bangla agreement for perhaps the very first time The outraged landlords built up a propaganda campaign with the British officials incriminating the Faraizis with a mutinous mood In 1837 these Hindu landlords indicted Haji Shariatullah of attempting to build up a kingdom of his own They also brought several lawsuits against the Faraizis in which they benefitted dynamic co operation of the European indigo planters Shariatullah was placed under the detention of the police in more than one instance for purportedly inciting agrarian turbulence in Faridpur 2 additional citation s needed Succession editAfter the death of Haji Shariatullah his son Dudu Miyan led the movement to a more agrarian character He organised the oppressed peasantry against the oppressive landlords In retaliation the landlords and indigo planters tried to contain Dudu Miyan by instituting false cases against him 2 However he became so popular with the peasantry that in the cases courts seldom found a witness against Dudu Miyan The initial victories of Dudu Miyan captured the imagination of the masses and Haji sahib the greta sought Dudu Miyan s protection against the oppressive landlords Dudu Miyan died in 1862 and before his death he had appointed a board of guardians to look after his minor sons Ghiyasuddin Haydar and Abdul Gafur alias Naya Miyan who succeeded him successively The board with great difficulty kept the dwindling movement from falling to pieces It was not until Naya Miyan attained maturity that it regained some of its lost strength Nabinchandra Sen the then sub divisional officer of Madaripur District thought it prudent to enter into an alliance of mutual help with the Faraizi leaders who in their turn showed a spirit of co operation towards the government 2 On the death of Naya Miyan in 1884 the third and the youngest son of Dudu Miyan Syeduddin Ahmad was acclaimed leader by the Faraizis During this time the conflict of the Faraizis with the Taiyunis another reformist group reached the climax and religious debates between the two schools of thought had become a commonplace occurrence in East Bengal He was bestowed with the title of Khan Bahadur by the government In 1905 on the question of the partition of Bengal he lent support to Nawab Salimullah in favour of partition but he died in 1906 2 Khan Bahadur Syeduddin was succeeded by his eldest son Rashiduddin Ahmad alias Badshah Miyan During the early years of his leadership Badshah Miyan maintained the policy of co operation towards the government However the annulment of the partition of Bengal made him anti British and he took part in the Khilafat and non co operation movements Soon after the establishment of Pakistan he summoned a conference of the Faraizis at Narayanganj and declared Pakistan as Dar ul Islam and gave permission to his followers to hold the congregational prayers of Jum ah and Eid 2 List of leaders edit Name TermḤaji Shariʿatullah Taʿluqdarحاجي شريعت الله تعلقدارহ জ শর য ত ল ল হ ত ল কদ র 1818 1840Muḥammad Muḥsin ad Din Aḥmad Dudu Miyanمحمد محسن الدين أحمد دودو میاںম হম মদ ম হস নউদ দ ন আহমদ দ দ ম ঞ 1840 1862Ghiyath ad Din Ḥaydarغياث الدين حيدرগ য সউদ দ ন হ য দর 1862 1864ʿAbd al Ghafur Naya Miyanعبد الغفور نیا میاںআব দ ল গফ র নয ম ঞ 1864 1884Khan Bahadur Saʿid ad Din Aḥmadخان بهادر سعيد الدین أحمدখ ন ব হ দ র স ঈদউদ দ ন আহমদ 1884 1906Abu Khalid Rashid ad Din Aḥmad Badshah Miyaأبو خالد رشید الدین أحمد بادشاہ میاںআব খ ল দ রশ দউদ দ ন আহমদ ব দশ হ ম ঞ 1906 1959Muḥsin ad Din Aḥmad Dudu Miyan IIمحسن الدين أحمد دودو میاں الثانيদ সর ম হস নউদ দ ন আহমদ দ দ ম ঞ 1959 See also editAnjuman i Ulama i BangalaReferences edit a b Khan Muin ud Din Ahmad 2012 Shariatullah Haji In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh a b c d e f g h Khan Muin ud Din Ahmed 2012 Faraizi Movement In Islam Sirajul Jamal Ahmed A eds Banglapedia National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed Asiatic Society of Bangladesh External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Faraizi movement Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Faraizi movement amp oldid 1179299573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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