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Fandaqumiya

January 01, 1970

Fandaqumiya, (Arabic: الفندقومية, al-Fandaqumiyah, Pentakomia) is a Palestinian village located in the Jenin Governorate of the northern West Bank, northwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 3,363 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 4,265 by 2017.[1][2]

Fandaqumiya
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicالفندقومية
 • Latinal-Fandaqumiya (official)
Pentakomia (unofficial)
Fandaqumiya
Location of Fandaqumiya within Palestine
Coordinates: 32°19′13″N 35°12′13″E / 32.32028°N 35.20361°E / 32.32028; 35.20361
Palestine grid169/191
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateJenin
Government
 • TypeVillage council
Area
 • Total3,895 dunams (3.9 km2 or 1.5 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total4,265
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)

Etymology edit

The Arabic name of the village, Al Fandaqumiyah (الفندقومي), is a corruption of the Greek term Pentakomia: Komia means 'village' or 'community', while penta means 'five'. Pentakomia probably refers to an administrative unit of five villages which existed in the area.[3][4][5]

A Pentakomia in Greece[citation needed] as well as one on the Euphrates River[6] probably share the etymology, and the Hebron area village of Tarqumiyah (Arabic ترقوميا) is based on the Greek Trikomia, or 'community of three.'

Geography edit

Fandaqumiya is located in the northern West Bank, on the road leading north from Nablus to Jenin. The village is partly situated on the slope of a hill in the Musheirif Range and partly built on adjacent ridges in between the valley of Jaba' to the north and the Musheirif hills to the south.[7] Its old core is in the slope part of the village with an elevation of 470 meters above sea level (about 30 meters higher than its surroundings) and a total area of 20 dunams.[8]

The nearest localities are Jaba' to the immediate east, Beit Imrin to the south, Burqa to the southwest, Silat ad-Dhahr to the immediate west, and Ajjah to the north. as well as the former Israeli settlements of Homesh and Sa-Nur, which were dismantled in Israel's 2005 unilateral disengagement plan.

History edit

Antiquity edit

The earliest findings in Fandaqumiya include a white clay jar filled with burned bones, which was found in a tomb. The examination of this jar at the Archaeological Department of the An-Najah National University suggested that it be dated to the Neolithic Period. A stone tool, circular in shape with a hole in the middle, was found alongside the jar, though it was never dated.[citation needed]

Pottery sherds from the Hellenistic, early and late Roman and the Byzantine eras have been found here.[7] A sacred cave exists above the village on the south, which is probably an ancient rock-cut chapel.[9]

Aaron Demsky identified Fandaqumiya with Penṭāḳūmewatha (Hebrew: פאנטקומוותה), mentioned in the 6th-7th century Mosaic of Reḥob as being a Jewish village in a region of Sebaste which was inhabited mostly by non-Jews and, therefore, agricultural produce obtained from the area could be taken by Jews without the normal restrictions imposed during the Sabbatical years, or the need for tithing.[10]

Medieval period edit

The village is mentioned in Crusader sources of 1178,[11] as a place sold to the Knights Hospitallers.[7]

Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) noted it as "a village belonging to and lying among the hills of Nablus."[12]

Pottery sherds from the early Muslim and Medieval eras have also been found here.[7]

Ottoman era edit

 
Viewpoint of village, the nearby village and fortress of Sanur can be seen in the background

In 1596 Fandaqumiyya appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Sami, part of the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of eleven households and one bachelor, all Muslim. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olives or grapes; a total of 11,752 akçe.[13] Fandaqumiya was mentioned by the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1640.[7]

In 1830, during the military campaign against a revolt by the Jarrar family of Sanur, Emir Bashir Shihab's forces set fire to Fandaqumiya.[7] In 1838, Edward Robinson passed by and noted it as a being a small village,[14] located in the esh-Sharawiyeh esh-Shurkiyeh (the Eastern) district, north of Nablus.[15]

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1863 and 1870, and estimated it as having about 500 inhabitants. He describes it as being situated on the slopes of a high hill. With abundant waters, the whole slope was cultivated with beautiful olive trees, figs and pomegranates.[3]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Fandaqumiya as "a very small village on the slope of the hill, with three springs to the south-west, small and marshy."[5]

A spur of the Ottoman Hejaz railway to Damascus was built through the area, and a station was opened nearby at Sebastia. After the collapse of the Ottomans, locals took apart the rail infrastructure for secondary use in construction. Many of the steel beams can still be seen in the roofs of local homes.[citation needed]

British Mandate era edit

In 1917, Fandaqumiya was captured by General Allenby's British forces from the Ottomans, and three years later it was assigned to British Mandatory Palestine. In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Fandaqumiya had a population of 327, all Muslims.[16] This increased in the 1931 census to a population of 445, still all Muslim, living in 101 houses.[17]

Soon after the British arrived, they built a police fort on a nearby hill. Despite many villagers being employed in the construction, relations with the British forces were at times rocky owing to tax disputes. During the riots of 1936-1939, some villagers launched attacks on the British troops, and the village was subject to British reprisals.[citation needed] During the 1940s, the British administration funded modern water and agriculture development projects as well as an elementary school.[citation needed]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 630 Muslims,[18] with 4,079 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[19] 885 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,737 dunams for cereals,[20] while 14 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[21]

Jordanian era edit

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Fandaqumiya came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,014 inhabitants in Fandaqumiya.[22]

Post-1967 edit

Since the 1967 Six-Day War, Al Fandaqumiya has been under Israeli occupation, along with the rest of the West Bank. Under the Oslo Accords, the town was assigned to Area B.[23]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. ^ Projected Mid -Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 September 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
  3. ^ a b Guérin, 1875, pp. 216-217
  4. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 182
  5. ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1882, vol 2, p. 155
  6. ^ There is a locality of this name in Arabia Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pentacomia" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Zertal, 2004, p. 307.
  8. ^ Zertal, 2004, p. 306.
  9. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, vol 2, p. 185
  10. ^ Aaron Demsky, The Permitted Villages of Sebaste in the Reḥov Mosaic, Israel Exploration Journal (vol. 29, no. 3/4), Jerusalem 1979, p. 190.
  11. ^ Rey, 1883, p. 426
  12. ^ Le Strange, 1890, p. 441; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP vol 2, pp. 336-337
  13. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 125.
  14. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol.3, pp. 150-151
  15. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. 129
  16. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 29
  17. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 68
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16 2018-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 98
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 148
  22. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
  23. ^ B'Tselem Interactive Map https://www.btselem.org/map

Bibliography edit

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1896). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. Vol. 2. London: Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Rey, E.G. [in French] (1883). Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles (in French). Paris: A. Picard.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Zertal, A. (2004). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey. Vol. 1. Boston: BRILL. ISBN 9004137564.

External links edit

  • Welcome To al-Fandaqumiya
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
  • Erection of a permanent military checkpoint and devastation of land inside the evacuated colony of Sanur, 12, May, 2007, POICA

January 01, 1970
fandaqumiya, arabic, الفندقومية, pentakomia, palestinian, village, located, jenin, governorate, northern, west, bank, northwest, nablus, according, palestinian, central, bureau, statistics, town, population, inhabitants, year, 2006, 2017, municipality, type, v. Fandaqumiya Arabic الفندقومية al Fandaqumiyah Pentakomia is a Palestinian village located in the Jenin Governorate of the northern West Bank northwest of Nablus According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics the town had a population of 3 363 inhabitants in mid year 2006 and 4 265 by 2017 1 2 FandaqumiyaMunicipality type D Village council Arabic transcription s Arabicالفندقومية Latinal Fandaqumiya official Pentakomia unofficial FandaqumiyaLocation of Fandaqumiya within PalestineCoordinates 32 19 13 N 35 12 13 E 32 32028 N 35 20361 E 32 32028 35 20361Palestine grid169 191StateState of PalestineGovernorateJeninGovernment TypeVillage councilArea Total3 895 dunams 3 9 km2 or 1 5 sq mi Population 2017 1 Total4 265 Density1 100 km2 2 800 sq mi Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 3 History 3 1 Antiquity 3 2 Medieval period 3 3 Ottoman era 3 4 British Mandate era 3 5 Jordanian era 3 6 Post 1967 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksEtymology editThe Arabic name of the village Al Fandaqumiyah الفندقومي is a corruption of the Greek term Pentakomia Komia means village or community while penta means five Pentakomia probably refers to an administrative unit of five villages which existed in the area 3 4 5 A Pentakomia in Greece citation needed as well as one on the Euphrates River 6 probably share the etymology and the Hebron area village of Tarqumiyah Arabic ترقوميا is based on the Greek Trikomia or community of three Geography editFandaqumiya is located in the northern West Bank on the road leading north from Nablus to Jenin The village is partly situated on the slope of a hill in the Musheirif Range and partly built on adjacent ridges in between the valley of Jaba to the north and the Musheirif hills to the south 7 Its old core is in the slope part of the village with an elevation of 470 meters above sea level about 30 meters higher than its surroundings and a total area of 20 dunams 8 The nearest localities are Jaba to the immediate east Beit Imrin to the south Burqa to the southwest Silat ad Dhahr to the immediate west and Ajjah to the north as well as the former Israeli settlements of Homesh and Sa Nur which were dismantled in Israel s 2005 unilateral disengagement plan History editAntiquity edit The earliest findings in Fandaqumiya include a white clay jar filled with burned bones which was found in a tomb The examination of this jar at the Archaeological Department of the An Najah National University suggested that it be dated to the Neolithic Period A stone tool circular in shape with a hole in the middle was found alongside the jar though it was never dated citation needed Pottery sherds from the Hellenistic early and late Roman and the Byzantine eras have been found here 7 A sacred cave exists above the village on the south which is probably an ancient rock cut chapel 9 Aaron Demsky identified Fandaqumiya with Penṭaḳumewatha Hebrew פאנטקומוותה mentioned in the 6th 7th century Mosaic of Reḥob as being a Jewish village in a region of Sebaste which was inhabited mostly by non Jews and therefore agricultural produce obtained from the area could be taken by Jews without the normal restrictions imposed during the Sabbatical years or the need for tithing 10 Medieval period edit The village is mentioned in Crusader sources of 1178 11 as a place sold to the Knights Hospitallers 7 Yaqut al Hamawi 1179 1229 noted it as a village belonging to and lying among the hills of Nablus 12 Pottery sherds from the early Muslim and Medieval eras have also been found here 7 Ottoman era edit nbsp Viewpoint of village the nearby village and fortress of Sanur can be seen in the background In 1596 Fandaqumiyya appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Sami part of the Sanjak of Nablus It had a population of eleven households and one bachelor all Muslim The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33 3 on agricultural products including wheat barley summer crops olive trees goats and beehives in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olives or grapes a total of 11 752 akce 13 Fandaqumiya was mentioned by the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi in 1640 7 In 1830 during the military campaign against a revolt by the Jarrar family of Sanur Emir Bashir Shihab s forces set fire to Fandaqumiya 7 In 1838 Edward Robinson passed by and noted it as a being a small village 14 located in the esh Sharawiyeh esh Shurkiyeh the Eastern district north of Nablus 15 French explorer Victor Guerin visited the village in 1863 and 1870 and estimated it as having about 500 inhabitants He describes it as being situated on the slopes of a high hill With abundant waters the whole slope was cultivated with beautiful olive trees figs and pomegranates 3 In 1882 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine described Fandaqumiya as a very small village on the slope of the hill with three springs to the south west small and marshy 5 A spur of the Ottoman Hejaz railway to Damascus was built through the area and a station was opened nearby at Sebastia After the collapse of the Ottomans locals took apart the rail infrastructure for secondary use in construction Many of the steel beams can still be seen in the roofs of local homes citation needed British Mandate era edit In 1917 Fandaqumiya was captured by General Allenby s British forces from the Ottomans and three years later it was assigned to British Mandatory Palestine In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Fandaqumiya had a population of 327 all Muslims 16 This increased in the 1931 census to a population of 445 still all Muslim living in 101 houses 17 Soon after the British arrived they built a police fort on a nearby hill Despite many villagers being employed in the construction relations with the British forces were at times rocky owing to tax disputes During the riots of 1936 1939 some villagers launched attacks on the British troops and the village was subject to British reprisals citation needed During the 1940s the British administration funded modern water and agriculture development projects as well as an elementary school citation needed In the 1945 statistics the population was 630 Muslims 18 with 4 079 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey 19 885 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land 2 737 dunams for cereals 20 while 14 dunams were built up urban land 21 Jordanian era edit In the wake of the 1948 Arab Israeli War and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements Fandaqumiya came under Jordanian rule The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1 014 inhabitants in Fandaqumiya 22 Post 1967 edit Since the 1967 Six Day War Al Fandaqumiya has been under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the West Bank Under the Oslo Accords the town was assigned to Area B 23 References edit a b Preliminary Results of the Population Housing and Establishments Census 2017 PDF Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PCBS Report State of Palestine February 2018 pp 64 82 Retrieved 2023 10 24 Projected Mid Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004 2006 Archived September 20 2008 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics a b Guerin 1875 pp 216 217 Palmer 1881 p 182 a b Conder and Kitchener 1882 vol 2 p 155 There is a locality of this name in Arabia Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Pentacomia Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company a b c d e f Zertal 2004 p 307 Zertal 2004 p 306 Conder and Kitchener 1882 vol 2 p 185 Aaron Demsky The Permitted Villages of Sebaste in the Reḥov Mosaic Israel Exploration Journal vol 29 no 3 4 Jerusalem 1979 p 190 Rey 1883 p 426 Le Strange 1890 p 441 cited in Clermont Ganneau 1896 ARP vol 2 pp 336 337 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 125 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 pp 150 151 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 2nd Appendix p 129 Barron 1923 Table IX Sub district of Jenin p 29 Mills 1932 p 68 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 16 Archived 2018 09 05 at the Wayback Machine Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 54 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 98 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 148 Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 p 25 B Tselem Interactive Map https www btselem org mapBibliography editBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Clermont Ganneau C S 1896 ARP Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873 1874 translated from the French by J McFarlane Vol 2 London Palestine Exploration Fund Conder C R Kitchener H H 1882 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 2 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 First Census of Population and Housing Volume I Final Tables General Characteristics of the Population PDF Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Guerin V 1875 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 2 Samarie pt 2 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Le Strange G 1890 Palestine Under the Moslems A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A D 650 to 1500 Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Rey E G in French 1883 Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siecles in French Paris A Picard Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 3 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Zertal A 2004 The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Vol 1 Boston BRILL ISBN 9004137564 External links editWelcome To al Fandaqumiya Survey of Western Palestine Map 11 IAA Wikimedia commons Erection of a permanent military checkpoint and devastation of land inside the evacuated colony of Sanur 12 May 2007 POICA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fandaqumiya amp oldid 1185713198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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