Falkland IslandsEnglish is mainly British in character. However, as a result of the isolation of the islands, the small population has developed and retains its own accent/dialect, which persists despite many immigrants from the United Kingdom in recent years. In rural areas (i.e. anywhere outside Stanley), known as ‘Camp’ (from Spanishcampo or ‘countryside’),[2] the Falkland accent tends to be stronger. The dialect has resemblances to Australian, New Zealand, West Country and Norfolk dialects of English, as well as Lowland Scots.
Two notable Falkland Island terms are ‘kelper’ meaning a Falkland Islander, from the kelp surrounding the islands (sometimes used pejoratively in Argentina)[3] and ‘smoko’, for a smoking break (as in Australia and New Zealand).
The word ‘yomp’ was used by the British armed forces during the Falklands War but is passing out of usage.
In recent years, a substantial Saint Helenian population has arrived, mainly to do low-paid work, and they too have a distinct form of English.
The Falkland Islands, a cluster of 780 islands off the eastern coast of Argentina, had no indigenous population when the British arrived to explore the islands in 1690.[4] Continuous settlement dates only to 1833, when British forces removed 26 Argentinian soldiers from the islands and claimed the islands for the British.[4] In 1845, the Capital city of Stanley, located on East Falkland, was established.[5] Argentina also has a claim to the islands, and in 1982, Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands. The British moved to defend the British control of the Islands, with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher calling the Islanders "of British tradition and stock".[6] In under three months, nearly a thousand people were killed, and over 2,000 were injured.[7] British-Argentinian tension regarding claim to the Islands still exists, but as over 99.8% of Islanders voted to remain under British sovereignty in the last election, the identity of the island overall is tremendously British.[8] This history has implications for the linguistic features of Falkland Islands English, which is similar to British English but distinct in some vocabulary and phonology.
Phonetics and phonology
English in the Falklands is non-rhotic.[9] This is consistent with other varieties of English in the southern hemisphere.[9] One major difference between the English of the Falklands and other Englishes of the southern hemisphere is the onset centralisation of /aɪ/, in which nice is pronounced [nəɪs].[9]
Vocabulary
The Falklands English vernacular has a fair number of borrowed Spanish words (often modified or corrupted). These include colloquialisms such as ‘che’, also encountered in Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina, and ‘poocha’, equivalent to ‘wow’[10] or ‘damn’,[11] (from pucha, a euphemism for puta or ‘whore’).[12]
Spanish borrowings are particularly numerous, indeed dominant in the local horse-related terminology. For instance, the Islanders use ‘alizan’, ‘colorao’, ‘negro’, ‘blanco’, ‘gotiao’, ‘picasso’, ‘sarco’, ‘rabincana’ etc. for certain horse colours and looks, or ‘bosal’, ‘cabresta’, ‘bastos’, ‘cinch’, ‘conjinilla’, ‘meletas’, ‘tientas’, ‘manares’ etc. for various items of horse gear.[13]
Unlike the older English, French and Spanish place names given by mariners, which refer mainly to islands, rocks, bays, coves, and capes (points), the post-1833 Spanish names usually identify inland geographical locations and features, reflecting the new practical necessity for orientation, land delimitation and management in the cattle and sheep farming. Among the typical such names or descriptive and generic parts of names are ‘Rincon Grande’, ‘Ceritos’, ‘Campito’, ‘Cantera’, ‘Terra Motas’, ‘Malo River’, ‘Brasse Mar’, ‘Dos Lomas’, ‘Torcida Point’, ‘Pioja Point’, ‘Estancia’, ‘Oroqueta’, ‘Piedra Sola’, ‘Laguna Seco’, ‘Manada’, etc.[13]
References
^Falkland Islands Government - Census 2012: Statistics & Data Tables
^Stay with us » Camping: Falkland Islands Tourist Board
^‘Second Class Citizens: The Argentine View of the Falkland Islanders’ 2015-04-10 at the Wayback Machine, P.J. Pepper, Falkland Islands Newsletter, November 1992
^ abPereltsvaig, Asya (6 December 2010). "Falkland Islands English". Languages of the World. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
^. Falkland Islands Government. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
^"BBC NEWS | in Depth". BBC News. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
^Taylor, Alan. "30 Years Since the Falklands War - the Atlantic". The Atlantic. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
^Tweedie, Neil (12 March 2013). "Falkland islands referendum: who were the three 'No' votes?". Retrieved 24 March 2018.
^ abcHickey, Raymond (2014). A Dictionary of Varieties of English (1 ed.). p. 119. doi:10.1002/9781118602607. ISBN9781118602607.
^Are there places more British than the UK?, BBC News, 8 March 2013
^ abSpruce, Joan. Corrals and Gauchos: Some of the people and places involved in the cattle industry. Falklands Conservation Publication. Bangor: Peregrine Publishing, 1992. 48 pp.
External links
South Atlantic Ocean: Falkland Island English
May 05, 2023
falkland, islands, english, mainly, british, character, however, result, isolation, islands, small, population, developed, retains, accent, dialect, which, persists, despite, many, immigrants, from, united, kingdom, recent, years, rural, areas, anywhere, outsi. Falkland Islands English is mainly British in character However as a result of the isolation of the islands the small population has developed and retains its own accent dialect which persists despite many immigrants from the United Kingdom in recent years In rural areas i e anywhere outside Stanley known as Camp from Spanish campo or countryside 2 the Falkland accent tends to be stronger The dialect has resemblances to Australian New Zealand West Country and Norfolk dialects of English as well as Lowland Scots Falkland Islands EnglishNative toUnited KingdomRegionFalkland IslandsEthnicity1 700 2012 census 1 Language familyIndo European GermanicWest GermanicIngvaeonicAnglo FrisianAnglicEnglishFalkland Islands EnglishEarly formsOld English Middle English 19th century British EnglishLanguage codesISO 639 3 GlottologNoneIETFen FKThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA A Camp settlement Map of the Falkland Islands Two notable Falkland Island terms are kelper meaning a Falkland Islander from the kelp surrounding the islands sometimes used pejoratively in Argentina 3 and smoko for a smoking break as in Australia and New Zealand The word yomp was used by the British armed forces during the Falklands War but is passing out of usage In recent years a substantial Saint Helenian population has arrived mainly to do low paid work and they too have a distinct form of English Contents 1 Settlement history 2 Phonetics and phonology 3 Vocabulary 4 References 5 External linksSettlement history EditThe Falkland Islands a cluster of 780 islands off the eastern coast of Argentina had no indigenous population when the British arrived to explore the islands in 1690 4 Continuous settlement dates only to 1833 when British forces removed 26 Argentinian soldiers from the islands and claimed the islands for the British 4 In 1845 the Capital city of Stanley located on East Falkland was established 5 Argentina also has a claim to the islands and in 1982 Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands The British moved to defend the British control of the Islands with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher calling the Islanders of British tradition and stock 6 In under three months nearly a thousand people were killed and over 2 000 were injured 7 British Argentinian tension regarding claim to the Islands still exists but as over 99 8 of Islanders voted to remain under British sovereignty in the last election the identity of the island overall is tremendously British 8 This history has implications for the linguistic features of Falkland Islands English which is similar to British English but distinct in some vocabulary and phonology Phonetics and phonology EditEnglish in the Falklands is non rhotic 9 This is consistent with other varieties of English in the southern hemisphere 9 One major difference between the English of the Falklands and other Englishes of the southern hemisphere is the onset centralisation of aɪ in which nice is pronounced neɪs 9 Vocabulary EditThe Falklands English vernacular has a fair number of borrowed Spanish words often modified or corrupted These include colloquialisms such as che also encountered in Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina and poocha equivalent to wow 10 or damn 11 from pucha a euphemism for puta or whore 12 Spanish borrowings are particularly numerous indeed dominant in the local horse related terminology For instance the Islanders use alizan colorao negro blanco gotiao picasso sarco rabincana etc for certain horse colours and looks or bosal cabresta bastos cinch conjinilla meletas tientas manares etc for various items of horse gear 13 Unlike the older English French and Spanish place names given by mariners which refer mainly to islands rocks bays coves and capes points the post 1833 Spanish names usually identify inland geographical locations and features reflecting the new practical necessity for orientation land delimitation and management in the cattle and sheep farming Among the typical such names or descriptive and generic parts of names are Rincon Grande Ceritos Campito Cantera Terra Motas Malo River Brasse Mar Dos Lomas Torcida Point Pioja Point Estancia Oroqueta Piedra Sola Laguna Seco Manada etc 13 References Edit Falkland Islands Government Census 2012 Statistics amp Data Tables Stay with us Camping Falkland Islands Tourist Board Second Class Citizens The Argentine View of the Falkland Islanders Archived 2015 04 10 at the Wayback Machine P J Pepper Falkland Islands Newsletter November 1992 a b Pereltsvaig Asya 6 December 2010 Falkland Islands English Languages of the World Retrieved 24 March 2018 Our History Falkland Islands Government Archived from the original on 20 December 2020 Retrieved 24 March 2018 BBC NEWS in Depth BBC News Retrieved 24 March 2018 Taylor Alan 30 Years Since the Falklands War the Atlantic The Atlantic Retrieved 24 March 2018 Tweedie Neil 12 March 2013 Falkland islands referendum who were the three No votes Retrieved 24 March 2018 a b c Hickey Raymond 2014 A Dictionary of Varieties of English 1 ed p 119 doi 10 1002 9781118602607 ISBN 9781118602607 Are there places more British than the UK BBC News 8 March 2013 Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary Spanish English English Spanish El gaucho Martin Fierro Jose Hernandez Editorial Pampa 1963 page 247 a b Spruce Joan Corrals and Gauchos Some of the people and places involved in the cattle industry Falklands Conservation Publication Bangor Peregrine Publishing 1992 48 pp External links EditSouth Atlantic Ocean Falkland Island English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Falkland Islands English amp oldid 1144438964, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
