European route E39
European route E39 is the designation of a 1,330 kilometres (830 mi) north–south road in Norway and Denmark from Klett, just south of Trondheim, to Aalborg via Bergen, Stavanger and Kristiansand. In total, there are nine ferries, more than any other single road in Europe.
E39 | |
|---|---|
| Route information | |
| Length | 1,330 km (830 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Klett, Norway |
| South end | Aalborg, Denmark |
| Location | |
| Countries | Norway Denmark |
| Highway system | |
In Trondheim, there are connections to E6 and E14. In Ålesund, to E136, in Bergen to E16, in Haugesund, to E134, in Kristiansand to E18, and in Aalborg to E45.
Norwegian part edit
In Norway, E39 is part of the Norwegian national road system, and is as such developed and maintained by the public roads administration.[1] E39 is mostly a two-lane undivided road, and only relatively short sections near Stavanger, Trondheim and Bergen are motorways or semi-motorways.
Trøndelag county edit
- E6
- Fv707 Klett junction
- Udduvoll bru
- Semi-motorway Øysand-Thamshavn/Orkanger (22 km)
- 2 Toll stations at Øysand/Buvika and Thamshavn
- ferry from Halsa to Kanestraum in Tingvoll (20 minutes, fee)
Møre og Romsdal county edit
- Bergsøysund Bridge 931 m
- Gjemnessund Bridge 1257 m
- ←Molde Airport, Årø Fv64 →Eide, Elnesvågen
- Fv64→ Fannefjordstunnelen direction Åndalsnes
- ferry from Molde to Vestnes (Furnes dock, 35 minutes)
- E136 at Skorgenes, jointly with E39 until Spjelkavika
- Fv650 Sjøholt → Linge ferry dock
- E136 at Spjelkavika, jointly with E39 from Skorgenes at Tresfjord
- Vegsundbrua
- ferry from Solavågen to Festøya in Ørsta (20 minutes, fee)
- Fv655 Ørsta
- Fv653 Furene → Eiksund tunnel
- Rv651 to Volda-Folkestad
- Rotsethorntunnelen 4,309 metres (14,137 ft)
- Årsettunnelen 272 metres (892 ft)
- Fyrdsbergtunnelen1,185 metres (3,888 ft)
- Damfosstunnelen 219 metres (719 ft)
- Eidsnakktunnelen 1,632 metres (5,354 ft)
- Kviven Tunnel 6,490 metres (21,290 ft)
- Fv60 to Hellesylt and Stranda
Vestland county edit
- Rv15 at Leivdøla bridge, jointly with E39 until Nordfjordeid
- Rv651 to Folkestad-Volda
- Rv15 at Nordfjordeid to Måløy
- Ferry from Lote to Anda (10 min, 1–2 departures per hour, fee)
- Fv615 at Sandane
- Breimsfjelltunnelen 2 867 metres (2,844 ft)
- Breimsfjelltunnelen 1 167 metres (548 ft)
- Fv60 at Byrkjelo
- Rv5 jointly with E39 from Skei to Førde
- Fv613 at Moskog to Balestrand over Gaularfjellet
- Toll into Førde
- to Førde hospital
- Rv5 Førde
- Toll into Førde
- Fv609 to Askvoll
- Fv57 at Espeland to Førde airport
- Fv610 at Sande to Dale and Askvoll westbound or to Gaularfjellet eastbound
- Økslandtunnelen 760 metres (2,490 ft)
- Fv55 at Vadheim
- Bogstunnelen 3,482 metres (11,424 ft)
- Noreviktunnelen 2,591 metres (8,501 ft)
- Lavik
- ferry from Lavik to Ytre Oppedal (20 min, 1–2 departures per hour, fee)
- Ytre Oppedal
- Skrikebergtunnelen 1,500 metres (4,900 ft)
- Jernfjelltunnelen 2,391 metres (7,844 ft)
- Matreberg Tunnel 1,352 metres (4,436 ft)
- Masfjord Tunnel 4,110 metres (13,480 ft)
- Eikefet Tunnel 4,910 metres (16,110 ft)
- Mundalsberget
- Mundalsberg Tunnel 1,085 metres (3,560 ft)
- Fv57 at Knarvik
- Hagelsund Bridge 623 metres (2,044 ft)
- Flatøy
- Fv564 to Flatøy and Holsnøy
- Nordhordland Bridge (Nordhordlandsbrua) 1,614 metres (5,295 ft)
- E16 at Nyborg
- Motorway Vågsbotn – Eidsvåg (5 km)
- Fløyfjellstunnelen (two parallel tunnels, 3195 and 3825 m)
- Bergen
- 3 Toll stations at Sandviken, Nygårdsbroen and Fjøsangerveien
- Semi-motorway Fjøsanger - Hop (2 km)
- Hop
- Rv580 to Bergen Airport, Flesland
- Svegatjørn
- Ferry from Halhjem to Sandvikvåg (40 min, 3 departures per hour, fee)
- Fv545 to Fitjar
- Fv549 at Jektevik
- Stordabrua/Stord Bridge (1076 m)
- Bømlafjordtunnelen/Bømlafjord Tunnel (7888 m, 262 m below s.l.)
Rogaland county edit
- E134 At Aksdal
- Ferry from Arsvågen to Mortavika
- Mastrafjordtunnelen (4424 m)
- Byfjordtunnelen (5875 m)
- 2 Toll stations at Randabergveien and Forus
- Motorway Schancheholen–Sandved (12 km)
- Stavanger Airport, Sola
Agder County edit
- Fedafjorden Bridge
- Vatlandtunnelen (3184 m)
- Toll Handeland in Lyngdal
- Kirkeheitunnelen (835 m)
- Toll Vesterveien in Kristiansand
- E18 At Kristiansand
- E39 Hirtshals, Denmark (2–3 hours, 2–5 departures/day, fee)
Domestic ferries edit
The E39 ferries are operated by Fjord1 except the Volda-Folkestad and Festøya-Solavågen ferry, which are operated by Norled.
Domestic car ferries on the E39 are regarded as an integral part of national highways. Ferries operate according to a published timetable and standard prices for vehicles and passengers.[1] [2] The E39 includes the following ferry routes from North to South (approximate crossing time in minutes):[2][3]
- Halsa–Kanestraum 20 min.
- Molde–Vestnes 35 min.
- Solavågen–Festøya 20 min.
- Anda–Lote 10 min.
- Lavik–Oppedal 20 min.
- Halhjem–Sandvikvåg 45 min.
- Arsvågen–Mortavika 25 min.
The Norwegian government plans to replace all the ferries on E39 in Norway with bridges and tunnels.[4] This involves some of the longest proposed bridge spans.
History edit
In 1786, a royal decision was made to establish a postal route between Bergen and Trondheim. From the establishment of mail in Norway in 1647 until then, all mail between those cities went over to Oslo. To begin with, the route was for large parts usable for walking and horse riding only, but in the following decades it was rebuilt to allow horse carriages. Several parts required boat. The route was Bergen–Åsane–Hordvik–(boat over Salhusfjorden)–Isdal–Hundvin–Gulen–Rutledal–(boat over Sognefjorden)–Leirvik (Hyllestad)–Flekke–Dale–Bygstad–Førde–Jølster–Gloppen-(boat over Nordfjord)–Faleide (Stryn)–Hornindal–Hellesylt–Stranda–(boat along Storfjorden)–Sjøholt–Vestnes-(boat over Romsdalsfjorden)–Molde–Angvik–(boat over Tingvollfjorden)–Tingvoll–(boat over Halsafjord)–Stangvik–Skei–Rindal–Orkanger–Trondheim. The 1786 decision also included a mail route between Stavanger and Bergen. In 1858, mail was rerouted to newly established steam ships Bergen–Vadheim, and the mail route changed to Vadheim–Sande–Førde, in parts precisely along today's route.[5]
Since 1990, a number of long bridges and tunnels have replaced four of the ferries. The bridges and tunnels are:
- Nordhordland Bridge (1994)
- Gjemnessund Bridge and Bergsøysund Bridge (1992)
- Stord Bridge and Bømlafjord Tunnel (2000)
- Kviven Tunnel and further tunnels (2012)
Other large road projects include:
- Klett–Orkanger (2005)
- Orkanger–Høgkjølen (2015)
- Lote Tunnel (1966)
- Bogs Tunnel (2004) and the adjacent Norevik Tunnel (2012)
- Masfjord Tunnel and adjacent tunnels (1986–1995)
- Eikefet Tunnel (1980)
- Fløyfjell Tunnel (1989)
- Mastrafjord Tunnel (1982)
The route Trondheim–Ålesund–Bergen–Stavanger–Kristiansand was named E39 in 2000. Kristiansund–Stavanger was earlier riksveg 1 (national highway 1, "coastal through-road") from 1992 and riksveg 14 before 1992. Stavanger–Kristiansand was part of E18, and Trondheim – Kristiansund was riksveg 65 and riksveg 71.
Future edit
- A 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) motorway south of Bergen is under construction and expected to be finished in 2022.
- Rogfast, which will be the world's deepest and longest underwater road tunnel at 27-kilometre-long (17 mi) and 392-metre-deep (1,286 ft), was started (first blasting) in 2018 and is expected to be opened in 2033.[6]
- The entire route from Stavanger to Kristiansand is planned to be rebuilt into 4 lane motorway before 2030, in total 144 kilometres (89 mi) remaining (as of 2021) to be built.
- There are plans to replace every ferry link with a fixed connection. There are seven, but each presents a costly technical challenge as the fjords are wide and very deep, and have met public resistance.[7]
Apart from Rogfast, two projects have a time plan, although delayed:- Hordfast (south of Bergen) is prioritised because of having the highest number of ferry ships, five in operation, and second-most vehicle traffic after Rogfast. It is prioritised despite being probably the most technically challenging of all these crossings. A five kilometre long floating bridge over Bjørnafjorden is planned, a new world record, in a stormy area, with clearing for ship traffic below. And a suspension bridge over Langenuen with 1,700-metre-long (5,600 ft) span, one of the longest in the world. The total cost for Hordfast is estimated to 37 billion NOK ($US 4.31 billion) in part paid by road tolls of around 400 NOK. Regulatory standards will be completed in 2023, and it is estimated to be completed in the 2030s.[8]
- A crossing of Romsdalsfjorden (Ålesund–Molde), having a 16-kilometre-long (9.9 mi) undersea tunnel and a 2000-meter-long suspension bridge with 1,650 meters (5,410 ft) long span. Construction start is planned for around 2030.
- The remaining four fjord crossings are more unsure, but are being investigated.
- Sognefjorden: a 4 km long floating bridge is considered.
- Nordfjorden: a 1.8 km long suspension bridge with a 1.5 km span is considered.
- Sulafjorden and Vartdalsfjorden: a 4 km long floating bridge plus a 2 km long suspension bridge is considered.
- Halsafjorden: a 3 km long floating bridge is considered.
Norway–Denmark ferry edit
An international car ferry is operated by Color Line[9] and by Fjord Line (seasonally).[10]
- Kristiansand – Hirtshals 3 hours 15 minutes
Danish part edit
From Norway, E39 goes with ferry from Kristiansand to Hirtshals, in northern Denmark. Ferries are run by Color Line and Fjord Line. The motorway goes from the south of Hirtshals to the north of Aalborg. The exits are:
- Aabyen
- 2 Hjørring N
- 3 Hjørring C
- 4 Hjørring S
- 5 Vrå
- 6 Brønderslev C
- 7 Brønderslev S
- | Store Vildmose
- 8 Tylstrup
- 9 Vestbjerg
- 10 Høvejen → Aalborg Airport
- E45 s Aalborg, Aarhus
References edit
- ^ National Public Roads Administration of Norway, website
- ^ . Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
- ^ Can Norway win the global race to build a 'floating tunnel'? CNN 29 January 2019
- ^ 3D-animation the Sognefjord
- ^ Historiske kart 22D 12; 23C 9; 28B 4; 28B 8; 29A 1; 29A 5: Hordaland / Sogn og Fjordane
- ^ Skoglund, Earl (2 March 2022). "Den andre av tre store Rogfast-kontrakter er nå utlyst". Veier24. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ "The E39 Coastal Highway Route". Statens vegvesen. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ Arbrev, Les (25 July 2022). "Hordfast kjem!". Os&Fusaposten. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ Color Line
- ^ Fjord Line
External links edit
- UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
- European route E39