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European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

January 01, 1970

"ESRF" redirects here. For the medical condition, see End stage renal failure.

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is a joint research facility situated in Grenoble, France, supported by 22 countries (13 member countries: France, Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Russia; and 9 associate countries: Austria, Portugal, Israel, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, India and South Africa).[1]

European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility
Installation européenne
de rayonnement synchrotron
ESRF site
Member states
FormationSeptember 30, 1994; 29 years ago (1994-09-30)
HeadquartersGrenoble, France
Official languages
English
LeaderFrancesco Sette
Websitewww.esrf.fr
ESRF-EBS
General properties
Accelerator typeSynchrotron
Beam typeElectron
Target typeLight source
Beam properties
Maximum energy6 GeV
Maximum brightness3.56×1021 ph./s/0.1%/mm2/mrad2
Physical properties
Circumference843.977 metres (2,768.95 ft)
LocationGrenoble, France
Coordinates45°12′31″N 5°41′24″E / 45.20861°N 5.69000°E / 45.20861; 5.69000
InstitutionESRF
Dates of operation2020 - present

Some 8,000 scientists visit this particle accelerator each year, conducting upwards of 2,000 experiments and producing around 1,800 scientific publications.[2]

History edit

Inaugurated in September 1994, it has an annual budget of around 100 million euros,[3] employs over 630 people and is host to more than 7,000 visiting scientists each year.

In 2009, the ESRF began a first major improvement in its capacities. With the creation of the new ultra-stable experimental hall of 8,000 m2 in 2015, its X-rays are 100 times more powerful, with a power of 100 billion times that of hospital radiography devices.[4]

The second improvement to the facilities, now named the "Extremely Brilliant Source" (ESRF-EBS), took place between 2018 and 2020. and again improved its X-ray power by a factor of 100,[5] or 10,000 billion more powerful than X-rays used in the medical field. It became the first fourth-generation high-energy synchrotron in the world.[6]

The first electron beam tests began on November 28, 2019.[7] The facility reopened to users on August 25, 2020.[8]

General description edit

 
Top view of the ring

The ESRF physical plant consists of two main buildings: the experiment hall, containing the 844 metre circumference ring and forty tangential beamlines; and a block of laboratories, preparation suites, and offices connected to the ring by a pedestrian bridge. The linear accelerator electron gun and smaller booster ring used to bring the beam to an operating energy of 6 GeV are constructed within the main ring. Until recently bicycles were provided for use indoors in the ring's circumferential corridor. Unfortunately they have been removed after some minor accidents. But even before this it was not possible to cycle continuously all the way around, since some of the beamlines exit the hall.

Research at the ESRF focuses, in large part, on the use of X-ray radiation in fields as diverse as protein crystallography, earth science, paleontology, materials science, chemistry and physics. Facilities such as the ESRF offer a flux, energy range and resolution unachievable with conventional (laboratory) radiation sources.

Study results edit

In 2014, ancient books destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 are read for the first time in the ESRF. These 1840 fragments were reduced to the status of charred cylinders.[9][10]

In 2015, scientists from the University of Sheffield have used the ESRF's X-rays to study the blue and white feathers of the Jay and have found that birds use well-controlled changes to the nanostructure of their feathers to create the vivid colours of their plumage. This research opens new possibilities for creating non-fading, synthetic colours for paints and clothing.[11]

In July 2016, a team of South Africa researchers scans a complete fossilized skeleton of a small dinosaur discovered in 2005 in South Africa and older than 200 million years. The dentition of heterodontosauridae scanned revealed palate bones of less than a millimeter thick.[12][13]

On December 6, 2017, the journal Nature unveils the discovery at the European synchrotron of a new species of dinosaur with surprising characteristics and living about 72 million years ago. It is a biped, mix between a velociraptor, an ostrich and a swan with a crocodile muzzle and penguin wings. With a height of about 1.2 meters (4 ft) and with killer claws, he could hunt his prey on the ground or hunt by swimming in the water, which is a novelty for scientists in the study of dinosaurs.[14]

In November 2021, researchers demonstrated a novel X-ray imaging technique, "HiP-CT", for 3D cellular-resolution scans of whole organs, using the ESRF's "Extremely Brilliant Source". The published online Human Organ Atlas includes the lungs from a donor who died with COVID-19.[15][16][17]

Access edit

The ESRF site forms part of the "Polygone Scientifique", lying at the confluence of the rivers Drac and Isère about 1.5 km from the centre of Grenoble. It is served by Grenoble tramway system and local bus lines of Semitag (C6, 22 and 54). It is served by Grenoble–Isère Airport and Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport.

The ESRF shares its site with several other institutions including the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the Institut de biologie structurale [fr]. The Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) has an institute across the road.

People edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Members and associates". ESRF.
  2. ^ nature.com 29 March 2016, 24 hours at the X-ray factory.
  3. ^ "Facts and figures". ESRF.
  4. ^ dpaonthenet.net, World's brightest X-ray source shuts down for next-gen 100x more powerful.
  5. ^ (in French) france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr, Grenoble : le premier faisceau de rayons X observé dans le synchrotron nouvelle génération.
  6. ^ ESRF-EBS, The first high-energy fourth-generation synchrotron.
  7. ^ White, Simon; Carmignani, Nicola; Carver, Lee; Chavanne, Joel; Farvacque, Laurent; Hardy, Laurent; Jacob, Jörn; Le Bec, Gaël; Liuzzo, Simone; Perron, Thomas; Qin, Qing; Raimondi, Pantaleo; Revol, Jean-Luc; Scheidt, Kees (2021). "Commissioning and Restart of ESRF-EBS". Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference. IPAC2021. doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOXA01.
  8. ^ ESRF-EBS opens to users
  9. ^ "Ancient books destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius 'read' for the very first time".
  10. ^ "Des papyrus antiques carbonisés déchiffrés à la lumière des rayons X". Le Monde (in French). 2015-01-20.
  11. ^ "Nature's unique way of controlling colour explains why birds never go grey". sheffield.ac.uk. 21 December 2015.
  12. ^ htxt.co.za Tiny Karoo fossil scanned by world’s largest X-ray machine.
  13. ^ bbc.com Paul Rincon, X-rays reveal complete dino skeleton.
  14. ^ www.eurekalert.org, Synchrotron sheds light on the amphibious lifestyle of a new raptorial dinosaur.
  15. ^ "From whole-organ to cellular resolution: synchrotron X-ray images reveal COVID-19 lung damage". Physics World. 16 November 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  16. ^ "Brightest ever X-ray shows lung vessels altered by COVID-19". University College London. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  17. ^ Walsh, C. L.; Tafforeau, P.; Wagner, W. L.; Jafree, D. J.; Bellier, A.; Werlein, C.; Kühnel, M. P.; Boller, E.; Walker-Samuel, S.; Robertus, J. L.; Long, D. A.; Jacob, J.; Marussi, S.; Brown, E.; Holroyd, N.; Jonigk, D. D.; Ackermann, M.; Lee, P. D. (December 2021). "Imaging intact human organs with local resolution of cellular structures using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography". Nature Methods. 18 (12): 1532–1541. doi:10.1038/s41592-021-01317-x. ISSN 1548-7105. PMC 8648561. PMID 34737453.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
  • ESRF.fr
  • Lightsources.org
  • 24 hours at the X-ray factory by Richard Van Noorden on Nature

January 01, 1970
european, synchrotron, radiation, facility, esrf, redirects, here, medical, condition, stage, renal, failure, esrf, joint, research, facility, situated, grenoble, france, supported, countries, member, countries, france, germany, italy, spain, switzerland, belg. ESRF redirects here For the medical condition see End stage renal failure The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF is a joint research facility situated in Grenoble France supported by 22 countries 13 member countries France Germany Italy the UK Spain Switzerland Belgium the Netherlands Denmark Finland Norway Sweden Russia and 9 associate countries Austria Portugal Israel Poland the Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia India and South Africa 1 European SynchrotronRadiation FacilityInstallation europeennede rayonnement synchrotronESRF siteMember statesFormationSeptember 30 1994 29 years ago 1994 09 30 HeadquartersGrenoble FranceOfficial languagesEnglishLeaderFrancesco SetteWebsitewww wbr esrf wbr fr ESRF EBSGeneral propertiesAccelerator typeSynchrotronBeam typeElectronTarget typeLight sourceBeam propertiesMaximum energy6 GeVMaximum brightness3 56 1021 ph s 0 1 mm2 mrad2Physical propertiesCircumference843 977 metres 2 768 95 ft LocationGrenoble FranceCoordinates45 12 31 N 5 41 24 E 45 20861 N 5 69000 E 45 20861 5 69000InstitutionESRFDates of operation2020 present Some 8 000 scientists visit this particle accelerator each year conducting upwards of 2 000 experiments and producing around 1 800 scientific publications 2 Contents 1 History 2 General description 3 Study results 4 Access 5 People 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editInaugurated in September 1994 it has an annual budget of around 100 million euros 3 employs over 630 people and is host to more than 7 000 visiting scientists each year In 2009 the ESRF began a first major improvement in its capacities With the creation of the new ultra stable experimental hall of 8 000 m2 in 2015 its X rays are 100 times more powerful with a power of 100 billion times that of hospital radiography devices 4 The second improvement to the facilities now named the Extremely Brilliant Source ESRF EBS took place between 2018 and 2020 and again improved its X ray power by a factor of 100 5 or 10 000 billion more powerful than X rays used in the medical field It became the first fourth generation high energy synchrotron in the world 6 The first electron beam tests began on November 28 2019 7 The facility reopened to users on August 25 2020 8 General description edit nbsp Top view of the ring The ESRF physical plant consists of two main buildings the experiment hall containing the 844 metre circumference ring and forty tangential beamlines and a block of laboratories preparation suites and offices connected to the ring by a pedestrian bridge The linear accelerator electron gun and smaller booster ring used to bring the beam to an operating energy of 6 GeV are constructed within the main ring Until recently bicycles were provided for use indoors in the ring s circumferential corridor Unfortunately they have been removed after some minor accidents But even before this it was not possible to cycle continuously all the way around since some of the beamlines exit the hall Research at the ESRF focuses in large part on the use of X ray radiation in fields as diverse as protein crystallography earth science paleontology materials science chemistry and physics Facilities such as the ESRF offer a flux energy range and resolution unachievable with conventional laboratory radiation sources Study results editIn 2014 ancient books destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 are read for the first time in the ESRF These 1840 fragments were reduced to the status of charred cylinders 9 10 In 2015 scientists from the University of Sheffield have used the ESRF s X rays to study the blue and white feathers of the Jay and have found that birds use well controlled changes to the nanostructure of their feathers to create the vivid colours of their plumage This research opens new possibilities for creating non fading synthetic colours for paints and clothing 11 In July 2016 a team of South Africa researchers scans a complete fossilized skeleton of a small dinosaur discovered in 2005 in South Africa and older than 200 million years The dentition of heterodontosauridae scanned revealed palate bones of less than a millimeter thick 12 13 On December 6 2017 the journal Nature unveils the discovery at the European synchrotron of a new species of dinosaur with surprising characteristics and living about 72 million years ago It is a biped mix between a velociraptor an ostrich and a swan with a crocodile muzzle and penguin wings With a height of about 1 2 meters 4 ft and with killer claws he could hunt his prey on the ground or hunt by swimming in the water which is a novelty for scientists in the study of dinosaurs 14 In November 2021 researchers demonstrated a novel X ray imaging technique HiP CT for 3D cellular resolution scans of whole organs using the ESRF s Extremely Brilliant Source The published online Human Organ Atlas includes the lungs from a donor who died with COVID 19 15 16 17 Access editThe ESRF site forms part of the Polygone Scientifique lying at the confluence of the rivers Drac and Isere about 1 5 km from the centre of Grenoble It is served by Grenoble tramway system and local bus lines of Semitag C6 22 and 54 It is served by Grenoble Isere Airport and Lyon Saint Exupery Airport The ESRF shares its site with several other institutions including the Institut Laue Langevin ILL the European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL and the Institut de biologie structurale fr The Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS has an institute across the road People editRoderick MacKinnon Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 have carried out experiments on beamline ID13 Venki Ramakrishnan Thomas A Steitz and Ada Yonath Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 have used macromolecular crystallography beamlies ID14 1 2 4 and ID29 at the ESRF Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 have has carried out experiments mainly on beamline ID13 See also editList of Synchrotron Radiation Facilities European Research Area ERA TANGO control system originally developed at the ESRF The African Light Source AfLS References edit Members and associates ESRF nature com 29 March 2016 24 hours at the X ray factory Facts and figures ESRF dpaonthenet net World s brightest X ray source shuts down for next gen 100x more powerful in French france3 regions francetvinfo fr Grenoble le premier faisceau de rayons X observe dans le synchrotron nouvelle generation ESRF EBS The first high energy fourth generation synchrotron White Simon Carmignani Nicola Carver Lee Chavanne Joel Farvacque Laurent Hardy Laurent Jacob Jorn Le Bec Gael Liuzzo Simone Perron Thomas Qin Qing Raimondi Pantaleo Revol Jean Luc Scheidt Kees 2021 Commissioning and Restart of ESRF EBS Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2021 doi 10 18429 JACoW IPAC2021 MOXA01 ESRF EBS opens to users Ancient books destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius read for the very first time Des papyrus antiques carbonises dechiffres a la lumiere des rayons X Le Monde in French 2015 01 20 Nature s unique way of controlling colour explains why birds never go grey sheffield ac uk 21 December 2015 htxt co za Tiny Karoo fossil scanned by world s largest X ray machine bbc com Paul Rincon X rays reveal complete dino skeleton www eurekalert org Synchrotron sheds light on the amphibious lifestyle of a new raptorial dinosaur From whole organ to cellular resolution synchrotron X ray images reveal COVID 19 lung damage Physics World 16 November 2021 Retrieved 11 December 2021 Brightest ever X ray shows lung vessels altered by COVID 19 University College London Retrieved 11 December 2021 Walsh C L Tafforeau P Wagner W L Jafree D J Bellier A Werlein C Kuhnel M P Boller E Walker Samuel S Robertus J L Long D A Jacob J Marussi S Brown E Holroyd N Jonigk D D Ackermann M Lee P D December 2021 Imaging intact human organs with local resolution of cellular structures using hierarchical phase contrast tomography Nature Methods 18 12 1532 1541 doi 10 1038 s41592 021 01317 x ISSN 1548 7105 PMC 8648561 PMID 34737453 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF fr Lightsources org 24 hours at the X ray factory by Richard Van Noorden on Nature Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title European Synchrotron Radiation Facility amp oldid 1219417395, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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